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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 99-110.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020467

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

河西地区豆禾混播草地生产性能对刈割高度与施肥的响应

王辛有1(), 曹文侠1(), 王小军1, 刘玉祯2, 高瑞1, 王世林1, 安海涛1, 邓秀霞1, 王文虎1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810000
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-19 修回日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 曹文侠
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: caowx@gsau.edu.cn
    王辛有(1995-),男,内蒙古临河人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1029150153@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0400306)

Herbage production and forage quality responses to cutting height and fertilization of legume-grass mixtures in the Hexi region

Xin-you WANG1(), Wen-xia CAO1(), Xiao-jun WANG1, Yu-zhen LIU2, Rui GAO1, Shi-lin WANG1, Hai-tao AN1, Xiu-xia DENG1, Wen-hu WANG1   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education,Sino-U. S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China
  • Received:2020-10-19 Revised:2020-12-14 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Wen-xia CAO

摘要:

刈割和施肥是豆禾混播草地生产过程中极为重要的田间管理措施,合理的留茬高度和氮磷配施模式可以有效提高混播草地的生产性能。为探究不同留茬高度和施肥模式对多年生豆禾混播草地产量与品质的影响,在河西走廊地区以紫花苜蓿、无芒雀麦和长穗偃麦草1∶1∶1建植的第3年豆禾混播草地为试验对象,利用裂区试验设计,以留茬高度为主区,设置5 cm(A1)、8 cm(A2)、11 cm(A3)3个留茬高度,施肥模式为副区,设置不施肥CK(B1)、单施磷肥:150 kg P2O5·hm-2(B2)、低氮高磷:75 kg N·hm-2+225 kg P2O5·hm-2(B3)、氮磷平衡:150 kg N·hm-2+150 kg P2O5·hm-2(B4)、单施氮肥:150 kg N·hm-2(B5)、高氮低磷:225 kg N·hm-2+75 kg P2O5·hm-2(B6)6个施肥模式,在混播草地中豆科牧草初花期进行刈割,施肥方式为第1茬刈割后追施。结果表明:以A3B3(11 cm留茬高度和75 kg N·hm-2+225 kg P2O5·hm-2的施肥模式)处理组合全年产量最高(19626 kg·hm-2);A2B2(8 cm留茬高度和150 kg P2O5·hm-2的施肥模式)处理组合全年产量最低(14342 kg·hm-2)。提高留茬高度会在一定程度上降低紫花苜蓿整体品质,提高禾本科牧草整体品质。增施氮肥的同时减施磷肥可有效提高牧草粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值(RFV),施用量过高会使牧草粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值下降,最合理的氮磷配施模式为150 kg N·hm-2+150 kg P2O5·hm-2。综合产量和品质的结果来看,适当的磷肥施用量可以显著提高牧草营养品质。利用TOPSIS综合评价模型对混播草地产量及各混播组分营养品质进行整体评价后得出:8 cm的留茬高度以及施150 kg N·hm-2+150 kg P2O5·hm-2的氮磷为适宜在河西走廊地区紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦+长穗偃麦草混播草地利用的留茬高度与施肥模式的组合。

关键词: 豆禾混播草地, 留茬高度, 氮磷配施, 草地产量, 营养品质

Abstract:

Mowing and fertilization are extremely important field management decisions in the cultivation of legume-grass mixtures. Appropriate stubble height at mowing and optimal application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can enhance the productivity of mixed grassland. This research was conducted in the Hexi Corridor area and explored the effects of different stubble heights and fertilizer application rates on the yield and quality of a three-year-old perennial legume-grass mixture comprising Medicago sativaBromus inermis and Elytrigia elongata at a planting ratio of 1∶1∶1. The experiment used a split-plot design with three stubble heights as main plots: 5 cm (A1), 8 cm (A2) and 11 cm (A3). Six fertilizer treatments were included as sub-plots: no fertilization (CK, B1), single phosphorus (150 kg P2O5·ha-1, B2), low nitrogen and high phosphorus (75 kg N·ha-1+225 kg P2O5·ha-1, B3), equal nitrogen and phosphorus (150 kg N·ha-1+150 kg P2O5·ha-1, B4), single nitrogen application (150 kg N·ha-1, B5), high nitrogen and low phosphorus application (225 kg N·ha-1+75 kg P2O5·ha-1, B6). The leguminous forages in the mixed grassland were mowed at the early-flowering stage, and fertilized after the first mowing. It was found that: the A3B3 treatment combination had the highest annual yield (19626 kg·ha-1); and the A2B2 treatment combination had the lowest annual yield (14342 kg·ha-1). Increasing the stubble height reduced the crude protein content of alfalfa to some extent, and adding nitrogen enhanced the crude protein levels of poaceous forages. The relative forage value (RFV) of herbage was increased by increasing nitrogen and decreasing phosphorus, and the forage RFV was also decreased when the fertilizer application rate was too high. The optimal combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 150 kg N·ha-1+150 kg P2O5·ha-1. Based on the combined results for yield and quality, the appropriate application rate of phosphate fertilizer application significantly improved the nutritional quality of forage grass. Using the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the yield of mixed grassland and the nutritional quality of each mixed forage, the 8 cm stubble height and 150 kg N·ha-1+150 kg P2O5·ha-1 is the optimal combination of stubble height and fertilizer application for the mixed forage cropping of M. sativa+B. inermis+E. elongata in the Hexi Corridor.

Key words: legume-grass mixtures, stubble heights, combination of N and P, grassland yield, forage quality