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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 126-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021315

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对黄土高原青贮玉米叶片酶活性及水氮利用的影响

周大梁(), 石薇(), 蒋紫薇, 魏正业, 梁欢欢, 贾倩民   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 石薇
  • 作者简介:E-mail: weishi@lzu.edu.cn
    周大梁(2000-),男,江西赣州人,在读本科。E-mail: zhoudl18@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31901389);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设经费-科研启动费(561119204)

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen utilization of silage maize under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting in Loess Plateau

Da-liang ZHOU(), Wei SHI(), Zi-wei JIANG, Zheng-ye WEI, Huan-huan LIANG, Qian-min JIA   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem,Key Laboratory of Grass and Animal Husbandry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of Grassland Agriculture,College of Grassland Agricultural Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-11-29 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-07-01
  • Contact: Wei SHI

摘要:

为探究沟垄集雨下青贮玉米叶片酶活性与水氮利用效率对种植密度和施氮量的响应,于2019和2020年在甘肃环县开展田间试验,设置4个种植密度(D1:6.0万株·hm-2;D2:7.5万株·hm-2;D3:9.0万株·hm-2;D4:10.5万株·hm-2)和4个施氮水平(N0:0 kg·hm-2;N1:120 kg·hm-2;N2:240 kg·hm-2;N3:360 kg·hm-2)。结果表明:1)在吐丝期和灌浆期,硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase, NR)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性随着密度的增加而降低,N2、N3处理的灌浆期NR、SOD和CAT活性显著高于N0。2)饲草产量(干草和鲜草)随着密度升高而逐渐增加,N3处理的平均饲草产量最高,但与N2处理无显著差异。3)D3、D4处理的降水利用效率(precipitation utilization efficiency, PUE)和生物量水分利用效率(biomass water use efficiency, WUEB)显著高于D1和D2,且D3处理的籽粒产量水分利用效率(grain yield water use efficiency, WUEG)最高。N2、N3处理的PUE、WUEB、WUEG均显著高于N0和N1,且N2处理的WUEB、WUEG最高。4)D3、D4处理的植株氮含量小于D1,而氮吸收量、氮肥农学效率(nitrogen agronomic efficiency, AEN)和氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency, NUE)显著高于D1。随着施氮量的提高,氮含量与氮吸收量提高,而AEN和NUE则随施氮量增加呈先增高后降低的趋势。密度与施氮的交互作用对叶片酶活性和水氮利用效率影响不显著。所有处理中D3-N2的NUE、WUEG和WUEB最高,同时获得较高的饲草产量,该措施是一种适宜黄土高原地区青贮玉米种植的管理模式。

关键词: 沟垄集雨, 种植密度, 施氮, 酶活性, 水分利用效率, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted in Huan County, Gansu Province, to explore the effects of planting density and nitrogen application levels on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen use efficiency of silage maize (Zea mays) under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting. Four planting densities (D1: 6×104 plants·ha-1; D2: 7.5×104 plants·ha-1; D3: 9.0×104 plants·ha-1; D4: 10.5×104 plants·ha-1) and four nitrogen application levels (N0: 0 kg·ha-1; N1: 120 kg·ha-1; N2: 240 kg·ha-1; N3: 360 kg·ha-1) were included in the experiment. In summary, it was found: 1) The activities of nitrate reductase (NR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased with increase in plant density. However, the NR, SOD and CAT activity increased with N application and at the grain filling stage were significantly higher under N2 and N3 treatments than in the N0 treatment. 2) The fresh and hay yield increased incrementally with increase in plant density. The average fresh and hay yield of the N3 treatment was numerically highest, but the difference between N3 and N2 treatments was not statistically significant. 3) The precipitation utilization efficiency (PUE) and biomass water use efficiency (WUEB) of D3 and D4 treatments were significantly higher than those of D1 and D2 treatments, and the grain yield water use efficiency (WUEG) of D3 treatment was greater compared to other treatments. Moreover, PUE, WUEB and WUEG of N2 and N3 treatments were significantly higher than those of N0 and N1 treatments. 4) The nitrogen content of D3 and D4 treatments was less than that of D1 treatment, but the nitrogen uptake, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEN) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of D3 and D4 treatment were significantly higher than those of treatment D1. With increase in nitrogen application rate, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake increased, while AEN and NUE initially increased and then decreased as nitrogen application rate increased. There was no significant interaction between planting density and nitrogen application rate for leaf enzyme and water-nitrogen use efficiency in our experiment. Among all the treatments, NUE, WUEG and WUEB were the highest in D3-N2 treatment, and higher yield was obtained. These results indicate that D3-N2 is a suitable agronomic management regime for silage maize production in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: ridge furrow rainwater harvesting, planting density, nitrogen application, enzyme activity, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency