内蒙古植被春季返青期和秋季枯黄期的气候敏感性研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022274

草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 30-41.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022274

内蒙古植被春季返青期和秋季枯黄期的气候敏感性研究

王凯锋¹^,²(), 包刚¹^,²(), 元志辉¹^,², 佟斯琴¹^,², 叶志刚¹^,², 黄晓君¹^,², 包玉海¹^,²

^1.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022
^2.内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010022

收稿日期:2022-06-27 修回日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-01-29
通讯作者: 包刚
作者简介:E-mail： baogang@imnu.edu.cn
王凯锋（1996-），女，内蒙古乌兰察布人，在读硕士。E-mail： loyal542736@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41861021);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS04014);水利厅重点专项(NSK2021-Z1)

Climate sensitivity of the start of the growing season in spring and the end of the growing season in autumn for vegetation in Inner Mongolia

Kai-feng WANG¹^,²(), Gang BAO¹^,²(), Zhi-hui YUAN¹^,², Si-qin TONG¹^,², Zhi-gang YE¹^,², Xiao-jun HUANG¹^,², Yu-hai BAO¹^,²

^1.College of Geographical Science，Inner Mongolia Normal University，Hohhot 010022，China
^2.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System，Inner Mongolia Normal University，Hohhot 010022，China

Received:2022-06-27 Revised:2022-09-01 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-01-29
Contact: Gang BAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

春季返青期和秋季枯黄期是植被生长过程中两个重要的物候指标，其变化对气候，尤其对温度敏感性的大小及其差异十分不清楚。利用2001-2019年MODIS NDVI和气象数据，在气象台站和像元尺度上分别计算内蒙古植被春季返青期和秋季枯黄期，并以生长度日（GDD）和冷却度日（CDD）为影响返青期和枯黄期的温度指标，研究两个物候指标对气候敏感性的空间格局及其大小。结果表明，2001-2019年内蒙古植被返青期主要集中在第110~135 d，整体呈提前趋势（2.6 d·10 a^-1）；枯黄期主要集中在第260~280 d，整体呈微弱的推迟趋势（0.7 d·10 a^-1）。返青期对GDD和枯黄期对CDD的敏感性主要以负敏感性为主，分别占研究区总面积的68.1%和56%。从两个物候指标对降水的敏感性看，植被物候对降水敏感性主要以正敏感为主。气象台站尺度的研究结果总体与像元尺度的研究结果基本一致。在气象台站尺度上对比显示有65%的站点枯黄期对温度的敏感性大于返青期，94%的站点返青期对降水的敏感性大于枯黄期，在气候不断变化的条件下，敏感性的研究可促进生态系统可持续管理的能力，对物候模拟以及生态系统气候的评估具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 内蒙古, 返青期, 枯黄期, 生长度日, 冷却度日, 敏感性

Abstract:

The start of growing season （SOS） in spring and the end of growing season （EOS） in autumn are regarded as two important phenological indicators of vegetation growth. However， the sensitivity of these indicators to changes in climate， especially temperature， as well as their differences remain unclear. In this study， MODIS NDVI and meteorological data from 2001 to 2019 were used to calculate the SOS in spring and the EOS in autumn of vegetation in Inner Mongolia at meteorological station- and pixel-scales. In these analyses， the numbers of growing degree-days （GDD） and cooling degree-days （CDD； i.e. DD with mean temperature below the base temperature） were used as temperature indicators that affect the SOS and EOS. These analyses revealed spatial patterns of SOS and EOS and their sensitivity to climate change. It was found that， from 2001 to 2019， the SOS for vegetation in Inner Mongolia usually occurred around d 110-135 （where Jan 1^st=d 1）， and was progressively earlier with time （2.6 d·10 a^-1）. The EOS usually occurred around d 260-280， and showed a weak trend towards later occurrence （0.7 d·10 a^-1）. In 68.1% of the study area the SOS was advanced by GDD accumulation in the period immediately prior and similarly in 56% of the study area EOS was advanced by CDD accumulation in the period immediately prior. Both SOS and EOS were sensitive to precipitation， and the response was mainly positive （i.e. a delay of SOS or EOS）. The results at the meteorological station-scale were basically consistent with those at the pixel-scale. At the meteorological station-scale， the temperature sensitivity of 65% stations was greater at the EOS than at the SOS， and the precipitation sensitivity of 94% stations was greater at the SOS than at the EOS. In the context of climate change， the results of studies on sensitivity are useful for devising sustainable ecosystem management strategies， and have important reference value for phenological simulations and ecosystem climate assessments.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, start of growing season, end of growing season, growing degree-days, cooling degree-days, sensitivity

王凯锋, 包刚, 元志辉, 佟斯琴, 叶志刚, 黄晓君, 包玉海. 内蒙古植被春季返青期和秋季枯黄期的气候敏感性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(4): 30-41.

Kai-feng WANG, Gang BAO, Zhi-hui YUAN, Si-qin TONG, Zhi-gang YE, Xiao-jun HUANG, Yu-hai BAO. Climate sensitivity of the start of the growing season in spring and the end of the growing season in autumn for vegetation in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(4): 30-41.

图/表 10

图1 研究区位置及气象台站分布

Fig.1 Location of the study area and distribution of meteorological stations

图2 内蒙古2001-2019年土地覆盖类型未发生变化和发生变化地区的分布情况

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of unchanged and changed area of land cover types in the Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2019

图3 NDVI 数据平滑和累计NDVI的Logistic拟合曲线曲率极值法Ⅰ：累积NDVI的Logistic拟合曲线Logistic fitting curve of cumulative NDVI；Ⅱ：Logistic曲线曲率Logistic curve curvature；Ⅲ：累积NDVI Cumulative NDVI.

Fig.3 Illustration of NDVI smoothing and the cumulative NDVI based Logistic curve model

图4 2001-2019年内蒙古多年平均返青期和枯黄期及返青期和枯黄期变化趋势空间分布左上角图及图例为站点尺度图，右下角图及图例为像元尺度图，下同。The upper left figure and legend are site-scale maps， and the lower right figure and legend are pixel-scale maps， the same below.

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of annual mean start of growing season （SOS） and end of growing season （EOS） and variation trend of SOS and EOS in Inner Mongolia during 2001 to 2019

图5 2001-2019年内蒙古多年平均返青期（a）与枯黄期（b）的时间变化趋势

Fig.5 Temporal variation trend of annual mean SOS （a） and EOS （b） in Inner Mongolia during 2001 to 2019

图6 2001-2019年内蒙古返青期和枯黄期对气象因子的敏感性空间分布

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of sensitivity of meteorological factors during SOS and EOS in Inner Mongolia during 2001 to 2019

表1 2001-2019年内蒙古不同植被类型返青期和枯黄期对气象因子的敏感性

Table 1 Sensitivity of different vegetation types to meteorological factors during SOS and EOS in Inner Mongolia during 2001 to 2019

植被类型 Vegetation types	返青期敏感性Sensitivity of SOS		枯黄期敏感性Sensitivity of EOS
植被类型 Vegetation types	温度Temperature （d·℃^-1）	降水Precipitation （d·mm^-1）	温度Temperature （d·℃^-1）	降水Precipitation （d·mm^-1）
林地Woodland	-0.042	0.204	-0.007	-0.032
灌丛Bushwood	0.017	0.308	0.045	0.105
草地Grassland	-0.018	0.163	-0.006	0.055
农田Cropland	-0.011	0.046	-0.007	0.003
稀疏植被Sparse vegetation	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.039

图7 2001-2019年内蒙古各气象站点返青期与枯黄期温度和降水敏感性对比

Fig.7 Comparison of temperature sensitivity and precipitation sensitivity during SOS and EOS of Inner Mongolia meteorological stations during 2001 to 2019

图8 2001-2019年内蒙古各气象站点返青期和枯黄期温度（a）和降水的敏感性（b）对比空间分布

Fig.8 Spatial distribution of temperature sensitivity （a） and precipitation sensitivity （b） during SOS and EOS in Inner Mongolia meteorological stations during 2001 to 2019

图9 2001-2019年内蒙古各气象站点多年平均GDD与CDD对比

Fig.9 Comparison of multi-year mean GDD and CDD in Inner Mongolia meteorological stations during 2001 to 2019

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内蒙古植被春季返青期和秋季枯黄期的气候敏感性研究

Climate sensitivity of the start of the growing season in spring and the end of the growing season in autumn for vegetation in Inner Mongolia

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