草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 17-26.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022419
凤紫棋1,2(), 孙文义1,3(), 穆兴民1,3, 高鹏1,3, 赵广举1,3, 陈帅4
收稿日期:
2022-10-27
修回日期:
2022-11-28
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-07-12
通讯作者:
孙文义
作者简介:
E-mail: sunwy@ms.iswc.ac.cn基金资助:
Zi-qi FENG1,2(), Wen-yi SUN1,3(), Xing-min MU1,3, Peng GAO1,3, Guang-ju ZHAO1,3, Shuai CHEN4
Received:
2022-10-27
Revised:
2022-11-28
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-07-12
Contact:
Wen-yi SUN
摘要:
解析杉木人工林林下草本植物多样性的影响因素,可为南方山区森林的可持续经营提供理论依据。通过收集115份杉木人工林林下草本植物多样性研究文献,采用相关性分析、方差分解分析和结构方程模型探究了环境因子和林分结构与杉木林下草本植物多样性的关系,通过最大熵模型模拟杉木人工林林下植物多样性较为丰富区域的潜在地理分布。结果表明:1)气候因子单独效应、气候和地形因子共同效应解释率较大,分别为19.31%、12.34%。2)年均降水量和郁闭度对林下草本植物多样性具有极显著影响(P<0.01),总影响系数分别为0.72和-0.49;海拔、年均气温、土壤有机质、全氮含量对林下植物多样性具有显著影响(P<0.05),总影响系数为-0.33、0.17、0.23和0.34。3)影响杉木人工林林下草本植物多样性的主导环境因子及贡献率分别为:年均降水量(37.1%)>海拔(19.5%)>年均气温(15.2%)>土壤有机质(8.9%)>土壤全氮(7.5%),累积贡献率为88.2%。4)年均降水量≥1650 mm、年均气温18~22 ℃、海拔510~680 m、土壤有机质含量≥20 g·kg-1的区域林下草本植物多样性较为丰富。
凤紫棋, 孙文义, 穆兴民, 高鹏, 赵广举, 陈帅. 南方山区杉木人工林林下草本植物多样性的影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(9): 17-26.
Zi-qi FENG, Wen-yi SUN, Xing-min MU, Peng GAO, Guang-ju ZHAO, Shuai CHEN. Factors influencing undergrowth herbaceous diversity of Cunninghamialanceolata plantations in southern mountainous areas[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 17-26.
环境变量类型Envionment variable type | 变量因子Variable factors | 数据来源Data source |
---|---|---|
气候因子Climate factor | 年均降水量MAP,年均气温MAT | 中国气象数据网 |
地形因子Terrain factor | 海拔Altitude,坡度Slope degree,坡向Aspect | 地理空间数据云STRM 90 m高程数据提取 |
土壤养分因子Soil nutrient factor | 土壤有机质SOM | 中国科学院寒旱所遥感与地理信息科学研究室Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science, Institute of Cold and Arid, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
全氮TN | ||
全磷TP | ||
全钾TK | ||
速效氮AN | ||
速效磷AP | ||
速效钾AK |
表1 环境变量数据及来源
Table 1 Environment variable data and sources
环境变量类型Envionment variable type | 变量因子Variable factors | 数据来源Data source |
---|---|---|
气候因子Climate factor | 年均降水量MAP,年均气温MAT | 中国气象数据网 |
地形因子Terrain factor | 海拔Altitude,坡度Slope degree,坡向Aspect | 地理空间数据云STRM 90 m高程数据提取 |
土壤养分因子Soil nutrient factor | 土壤有机质SOM | 中国科学院寒旱所遥感与地理信息科学研究室Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science, Institute of Cold and Arid, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
全氮TN | ||
全磷TP | ||
全钾TK | ||
速效氮AN | ||
速效磷AP | ||
速效钾AK |
图1 林下草本植物多样性与影响因子的相关性MAT: 年均气温Mean annual temperature; MAP: 年均降水量Mean annual precipitation; SOM: 土壤有机质Soil organic matter; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; TP:全磷Total phosphorus; TK: 全钾Total potassium; SW index: 香农-威纳指数Shannon-Wiener index. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Correlation analysis between influencing factors and understory herbaceous diversity
图3 环境因子与林分结构对林下草本物种多样性效应的结构方程模型实线表明两个变量间的因果关系具有显著性,虚线表明不具备显著性。The solid line indicates that the causal relationship between the two variables is significant, while the dashed line indicates that it is not significant. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
Fig.3 Structural equation model of the effects of environmental factors and stand structure on understory herbaceous species diversity
影响因子Factor | 直接效应Direct effects | 间接效应Indirect effects | 总效应Total effect |
---|---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.72 |
年均气温MAT | 0.25 | -0.08 | 0.17 |
郁闭度Canopy closure | -0.45 | -0.04 | -0.49 |
海拔Altitude | -0.24 | -0.09 | -0.33 |
土壤有机质SOM | 0.23 | - | 0.23 |
土壤全氮TN | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
表2 林下草本物种多样性与因子间的标准化影响效应
Table 2 Standardization effect of understory herbaceous species diversity and factors
影响因子Factor | 直接效应Direct effects | 间接效应Indirect effects | 总效应Total effect |
---|---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.72 |
年均气温MAT | 0.25 | -0.08 | 0.17 |
郁闭度Canopy closure | -0.45 | -0.04 | -0.49 |
海拔Altitude | -0.24 | -0.09 | -0.33 |
土壤有机质SOM | 0.23 | - | 0.23 |
土壤全氮TN | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
变量因子 Variable factors | 贡献率 Contribution rate | 累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate |
---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP | 37.10 | 44.14 |
海拔Altitude | 19.53 | 63.21 |
年均气温MAT | 15.21 | 74.23 |
土壤有机质SOM | 8.93 | 81.34 |
土壤全氮TN | 7.52 | 88.21 |
坡度Slope degree | 3.31 | 91.53 |
速效氮AN | 1.74 | 93.20 |
表3 环境因子对林下草本植物多样性的贡献率及累计贡献率
Table 3 Contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of environmental factors to understory herbaceous diversity (%)
变量因子 Variable factors | 贡献率 Contribution rate | 累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate |
---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP | 37.10 | 44.14 |
海拔Altitude | 19.53 | 63.21 |
年均气温MAT | 15.21 | 74.23 |
土壤有机质SOM | 8.93 | 81.34 |
土壤全氮TN | 7.52 | 88.21 |
坡度Slope degree | 3.31 | 91.53 |
速效氮AN | 1.74 | 93.20 |
图5 植物多样性较为丰富区域的存在概率对环境因子的响应曲线
Fig.5 Response curves of the probability of plant existence in regions with rich plant diversity to environmental factors
变量因子Variable factors | 适宜范围Suitable ranges | 最佳适宜范围Optimum suitable ranges |
---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP (mm) | ≥1400 | ≥1650 |
年均气温MAT (℃) | 12~28 | 18~22 |
海拔Altitude (m) | 305~725 | 510~680 |
土壤有机质SOM (g·kg-1) | ≥12.50 | ≥20.00 |
表4 各环境因子对林下草本植物多样性的适宜范围和最佳适宜范围
Table 4 The suitable range and optimum suitable range of understory herbaceous diversity for each environmental factor
变量因子Variable factors | 适宜范围Suitable ranges | 最佳适宜范围Optimum suitable ranges |
---|---|---|
年均降水量MAP (mm) | ≥1400 | ≥1650 |
年均气温MAT (℃) | 12~28 | 18~22 |
海拔Altitude (m) | 305~725 | 510~680 |
土壤有机质SOM (g·kg-1) | ≥12.50 | ≥20.00 |
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