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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 181-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023347

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

苜蓿生卡螨种群参数对温度的响应

李伟1(), 王涵1, 王常清2, 潘玉鑫3, 侯建荣4, 康文娟5, 尚素琴1(), 师尚礼5()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃亚盛农业研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业集团圣地湾苜蓿基地,甘肃 酒泉 735000
    4.甘肃亚盛集团武威分部,甘肃 武威 733099
    5.甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-20 修回日期:2023-11-03 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-05-13
  • 通讯作者: 尚素琴,师尚礼
  • 作者简介:E-mail: shishl@gsau.edu.cn
    E-mail: shangsq@gsau.edu.cn
    李伟(1996-),男,甘肃康县人,硕士。E-mail: weili954@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室开放基金和甘肃农业大学植物保护学院农业昆虫与害虫防治重点团队建设项目(GSAU-XKJS-2023)

Responses to temperature of population parameters of the pest mite Sancassania alfalfa fed on alfalfa

Wei LI1(), Han WANG1, Chang-qing WANG2, Yu-xin PAN3, Jian-rong HOU4, Wen-juan KANG5, Su-qin SHANG1(), Shang-li SHI5()   

  1. 1.College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Gansu Yasheng Agricultural Research Institute,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Gansu Yasheng Pastoral Grass Industry Group Shengdiwan Pasture Base,Jiuquan 735000,China
    4.Gansu Yasheng Group Wuwei Branch,Wuwei 733099,China
    5.Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education,Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2023-09-20 Revised:2023-11-03 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-05-13
  • Contact: Su-qin SHANG,Shang-li SHI

摘要:

苜蓿田间地下害虫的发生已成为制约苜蓿品质和产量的主要因素之一。甘肃酒泉苜蓿基地新发现一种严重危害苜蓿根部造成苜蓿生长受阻、产量和品质下降的害螨-苜蓿生卡螨,前期结合形态和分子标记对其进行了鉴定和描述,但对其生物学习性了解甚少。为明确其生物学习性,室内以干酵母为饲料,将其置于相对湿度(90±5)%,无光照的人工培养箱中,测定了其在15、20、25、30和35 ℃这5种温度梯度下的生长发育及繁殖力情况。结果表明,35 ℃时,卵无法孵化,15 ℃时只有少数个体能存活到幼螨阶段,而在20~30 ℃,苜蓿生卡螨能完成完整的生活周期。其中,20、25和30 ℃时,雌螨未成熟阶段的发育历期分别为19.42、16.98和9.91 d,雄螨未成熟阶段的发育历期分别为18.50、16.31和10.16 d;随温度的升高,雌螨和雄螨的寿命逐渐缩短,且在20和25 ℃下差异显著(P<0.05);各虫态发育历期缩短,同一温度下雌螨的寿命显著长于雄螨(P<0.05)。苜蓿生卡螨平均总产卵量和日产卵量在25 ℃时最高,与20和30 ℃差异显著(P<0.05)。净繁殖率(R0)在25 ℃时最高,为233.3。平均世代时间(T)在20 ℃时最长,为26.24 d,在30 ℃时最短,为14.07 d,内禀增长率(rm)则在30 ℃最大,为0.329。这为室内培育苜蓿生卡螨种群提供了基础数据,同时为苜蓿害螨的防治奠定了基础。

关键词: 粉螨科, 生卡螨属, 苜蓿生卡螨, 生长发育

Abstract:

The occurrence of subterranean pests in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fields has become one of the major constraints of alfalfa quality and yield. Sancassania alfalfa, which was identified and described based on its morphology and molecular markers, is a newly discovered pest mite that causes serious damage to alfalfa roots. The occurrence of this pest reduced the growth, yield, and quality of alfalfa at the Jiuquan alfalfa base in Gansu Province. To date, little is known about the population biology of this pest. To explore aspects of the population biology of this pest, its growth, development, and fecundity were determined under a range of temperatures in an artificial incubator. The insects were kept in the dark and supplied with dry yeast as feed, the relative humidity (RH) was maintained at (90±5) %, and the temperature was controlled at 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 ℃. The results showed that the eggs did not hatch at 35 ℃, and only a few the mites survived to the larval stage at 15 ℃. In contrast, S. alfalfa successfully completed egg-to-adult development at temperatures of 20-30 ℃. The developmental period of immature stage female mites was 19.42, 16.98, and 9.91 days, and that of immature stage male mites was 18.50, 16.31, and 10.16 days at 20, 25, and 30 ℃, respectively. As the temperature increased, the lifespan of female and male mites became progressively shorter and differed significantly between 20 and 25 ℃ (P<0.05). The duration of each developmental period shortened as the temperature increased, and the longevity of female mites was significantly greater than that of male mites at the same temperature (P<0.05). The mean total spawning and daily spawning values were highest at 25 ℃ and differed significantly between 20 and 30 ℃ (P<0.05). The highest net reproduction rate (R0), 233.3, was at 25 ℃. The mean generation time (T) was longest at 20 ℃ (26.24 days) and shortest at 30 ℃ (14.07 days). The maximum innate rate of increase (rm) was 0.329 at 30 ℃. These results provide basic data for indoor-reared S. alfalfa, and lay a foundation for devising strategies to control this important alfalfa pest mite.

Key words: Acaridae, Sancassania, Sancassania alfalfa, growth and development