草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 170-180.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023392
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2023-10-19
修回日期:
2023-12-11
出版日期:
2024-08-20
发布日期:
2024-05-13
通讯作者:
段廷玉
作者简介:
E-mail: duanty@ lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Rong-chun ZHENG(), Zhi-biao NAN, Ting-yu DUAN()
Received:
2023-10-19
Revised:
2023-12-11
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-05-13
Contact:
Ting-yu DUAN
摘要:
红三叶是一种重要的豆科牧草及绿肥作物,种带真菌会严重影响其种子品质,是限制生产的主要因素之一。本研究以红三叶4个品种为对象,通过室内分离及高通量测序,明确不同红三叶品种种带真菌的种类及多样性。自4个供试品种分离鉴定出种带真菌15属26种,其中岷山红三叶9属14种,瑞德红三叶5属7种,VNS红三叶9属9种,红龙红三叶7属11种。高通量测序法从红三叶4个品种种子样品中共鉴定出30属87种。属水平主要为枝孢菌属、链格孢属、青霉属、曲霉属、匍柄霉属、掷孢酵母属、Filobasidium和Udeniomyces等属。其中匍柄霉属、链格孢属、枝孢菌属、枝顶孢属、葡萄孢属、镰孢菌属及白粉菌属的数个种为潜在致病菌。α和β多样性分析表明品种间真菌群落组成及丰度差异显著,岷山的种带真菌多样性高于其他3个品种。
郑荣春, 南志标, 段廷玉. 四个品种红三叶种带真菌多样性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(8): 170-180.
Rong-chun ZHENG, Zhi-biao NAN, Ting-yu DUAN. Diversity of seed-borne fungi on four Trifolium pratense cultivars[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 170-180.
品种Variety | 来源Source |
---|---|
岷山Minshan (MS) | 2020年收获于甘肃省岷县田间Harvested from the fields of Min County, Gansu Province in 2020 |
红龙Honglong (HL) | 中国生产,购自北京百斯特草业有限公司Produced in China and purchased from Beijing Best Prataculture Co., Ltd. |
瑞德Ruide (RD) | 美国生产,购自江苏春满园种业公司Produced in the United States and purchased from Jiangsu Chunmanyuan Seed Co., Ltd. |
VNS | 阿根廷生产,购自江苏亿商花卉Produced in Argentina and purchased from Jiangsu Yishang Flowers |
表1 供试不同红三叶品种种子来源
Table 1 Four different varieties of red clover seeds and their sources
品种Variety | 来源Source |
---|---|
岷山Minshan (MS) | 2020年收获于甘肃省岷县田间Harvested from the fields of Min County, Gansu Province in 2020 |
红龙Honglong (HL) | 中国生产,购自北京百斯特草业有限公司Produced in China and purchased from Beijing Best Prataculture Co., Ltd. |
瑞德Ruide (RD) | 美国生产,购自江苏春满园种业公司Produced in the United States and purchased from Jiangsu Chunmanyuan Seed Co., Ltd. |
VNS | 阿根廷生产,购自江苏亿商花卉Produced in Argentina and purchased from Jiangsu Yishang Flowers |
属 Genus | 种 Species | 检出率Isolation rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
岷山MS | 瑞德RD | VNS | 红龙HL | ||
曲霉属Aspergillus | 假灰绿曲霉Aspergillus pseudoglaucus | 10.50 | - | - | 0.50 |
赤曲霉Aspergillus ruber | 1.00 | - | - | 0.50 | |
杂色曲霉Aspergillus versicolor | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.25 | - | |
田纳西曲霉Aspergillus tennesseensis | - | - | - | 0.50 | |
青霉属Penicillium | 圆弧青霉Penicillium cyclopium | 2.25 | - | - | - |
产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 0.50 | |
波兰青霉Penicillium polonicum | 0.50 | 3.00 | - | - | |
鲁本斯青霉Penicillium rubens | - | 0.50 | - | - | |
雷斯青霉Penicillium raistrickii | - | - | - | 0.25 | |
Penicillium amaliae | - | - | - | 1.00 | |
链格孢属Alternaria | 互生链格孢Alternaria alternata | 6.00 | - | 0.50 | 1.50 |
极细链格孢Alternaria tenuissima | - | 0.50 | - | - | |
枝孢菌属Cladosporium | 枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioides | 1.00 | - | 22.50 | 6.50 |
枝孢菌Cladosporium sp. | 0.50 | 0.50 | - | - | |
匍柄霉属Stemphylium | 束状匍柄霉Stemphylium sarciniiforme | 1.00 | - | - | - |
囊状匍柄霉Stemphylium vesicarium | - | - | 2.50 | 1.00 | |
光黑壳属Preussia | 光黑壳Preussia similis | 3.00 | - | - | - |
篮状菌属Talaromyces | 篮状菌Talaromyces piceae | 0.25 | - | 0.25 | - |
帚霉属Scopulariopsis | 短柄帚霉Scopulariopsis brevicaulis | 0.25 | - | - | - |
Tranzscheliella | Tranzscheliella linguoae | 0.25 | - | - | - |
金孢子菌属Chrysosporium | 金孢子菌Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium | - | 0.25 | - | - |
- | - | 0.75 | - | ||
毛壳菌属Chaetomium | 小棒孢囊壳Chaetomium subspirilliferum | - | - | 0.25 | - |
异茎点霉属Paraphoma | 异茎点霉Paraphoma sp. | - | - | 0.25 | - |
刺囊壳属Ascotricha | 弯曲刺囊壳Ascotricha sinuosa | - | - | - | 0.25 |
Torula | Torula aquatica | - | - | - | 0.25 |
表2 可分离培养种带真菌种类及其检出率
Table 2 Species and isolation rate of separable seed-borne fungi (%)
属 Genus | 种 Species | 检出率Isolation rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
岷山MS | 瑞德RD | VNS | 红龙HL | ||
曲霉属Aspergillus | 假灰绿曲霉Aspergillus pseudoglaucus | 10.50 | - | - | 0.50 |
赤曲霉Aspergillus ruber | 1.00 | - | - | 0.50 | |
杂色曲霉Aspergillus versicolor | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.25 | - | |
田纳西曲霉Aspergillus tennesseensis | - | - | - | 0.50 | |
青霉属Penicillium | 圆弧青霉Penicillium cyclopium | 2.25 | - | - | - |
产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 0.50 | |
波兰青霉Penicillium polonicum | 0.50 | 3.00 | - | - | |
鲁本斯青霉Penicillium rubens | - | 0.50 | - | - | |
雷斯青霉Penicillium raistrickii | - | - | - | 0.25 | |
Penicillium amaliae | - | - | - | 1.00 | |
链格孢属Alternaria | 互生链格孢Alternaria alternata | 6.00 | - | 0.50 | 1.50 |
极细链格孢Alternaria tenuissima | - | 0.50 | - | - | |
枝孢菌属Cladosporium | 枝状枝孢菌Cladosporium cladosporioides | 1.00 | - | 22.50 | 6.50 |
枝孢菌Cladosporium sp. | 0.50 | 0.50 | - | - | |
匍柄霉属Stemphylium | 束状匍柄霉Stemphylium sarciniiforme | 1.00 | - | - | - |
囊状匍柄霉Stemphylium vesicarium | - | - | 2.50 | 1.00 | |
光黑壳属Preussia | 光黑壳Preussia similis | 3.00 | - | - | - |
篮状菌属Talaromyces | 篮状菌Talaromyces piceae | 0.25 | - | 0.25 | - |
帚霉属Scopulariopsis | 短柄帚霉Scopulariopsis brevicaulis | 0.25 | - | - | - |
Tranzscheliella | Tranzscheliella linguoae | 0.25 | - | - | - |
金孢子菌属Chrysosporium | 金孢子菌Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium | - | 0.25 | - | - |
- | - | 0.75 | - | ||
毛壳菌属Chaetomium | 小棒孢囊壳Chaetomium subspirilliferum | - | - | 0.25 | - |
异茎点霉属Paraphoma | 异茎点霉Paraphoma sp. | - | - | 0.25 | - |
刺囊壳属Ascotricha | 弯曲刺囊壳Ascotricha sinuosa | - | - | - | 0.25 |
Torula | Torula aquatica | - | - | - | 0.25 |
图6 种带真菌物种组成花瓣图(A)及常规分离与高通量测序物种组成韦恩图(B)
Fig.6 Petal diagram (A) of seed-borne species composition and Venn diagram (B) of seed-borne species composition between conventional separation and hight-throughput sequencing
图7 种带真菌属水平物种组成相对丰度及热图该分类水平未注释到的和低丰度物种合并成Others。Unannotated and low-abundance species at this taxonomic level are merged into others.
Fig.7 Relative abundance and heatmap of seed-borne fungi at genus level
图8 关键物种差异分析(属水平)*: 该种带真菌的相对丰度在不同品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05) The relative abundance of this fungus has significantly different among different varieties at 0.05 level.
Fig.8 Analysis of key species differences (genus level)
种带真菌 Seed-borne fungi | 相对丰度 Relative abundance (%) | 方差分析ANOVA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
属 Genus | 种 Species | 岷山MS | 红龙HL | 瑞德RD | VNS | P值 P-value | 错误发现率 FDR | ||||
平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | ||||
枝顶孢属Acremonium | Acremonium alternatum | 0.0010 | 0.0009 | 0.1046 | 0.0316 | 0.0233 | 0.0116 | 0.0138 | 0.0092 | 0.0216 | 0.0921 |
Acremonium charticola | 0.0156 | 0.0097 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0254 | 0.0921 | |
Acremonium fusidioides | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0010 | 0.0018 | 0.0021 | 0.0018 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.6349 | 0.6498 | |
链格孢属Alternaria | A. alternata | 0.5131 | 0.4741 | 0.0189 | 0.0058 | 0.0389 | 0.0404 | 0.0180 | 0.0122 | 0.1032 | 0.1548 |
A. metachromatica | 6.1734 | 2.6057 | 0.6571 | 0.0616 | 0.1744 | 0.0351 | 0.2093 | 0.1196 | 0.0249 | 0.0921 | |
葡萄孢属Botrytis | Botrytis cinerea | 0.0306 | 0.0327 | 0.0074 | 0.0024 | 0.0088 | 0.0009 | 0.0084 | 0.0051 | 0.2044 | 0.2470 |
枝孢菌属Cladosporium | Cladosporium sp. | 22.2648 | 6.2645 | 22.7230 | 4.7784 | 17.7589 | 2.8880 | 26.5871 | 9.1443 | 0.4243 | 0.4423 |
白粉菌属Erysiphe | E. convolvuli | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0052 | 0.0039 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0132 | 0.0921 |
镰孢菌属Fusarium | F. armeniacum | 0.0041 | 0.0024 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0987 | 0.1507 |
F. domesticum | 0.0026 | 0.0024 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0879 | 0.1365 | |
F. lacertarum | 0.0010 | 0.0018 | 0.0026 | 0.0018 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.1920 | 0.2340 | |
F. oxysporum | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0026 | 0.0024 | 0.0016 | 0.0001 | 0.1314 | 0.1844 | |
F. proliferatum | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0016 | 0.0016 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.2239 | 0.2632 | |
F. solani | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0015 | 0.0027 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.5296 | 0.5485 | |
匍柄霉属Stemphylium | Stemphylium sp. | 0.1209 | 0.1045 | 0.3248 | 0.3317 | 0.9416 | 0.1517 | 0.4951 | 0.2505 | 0.0329 | 0.0870 |
表3 4个不同品种红三叶中潜在的致病菌
Table 3 Potential pathogenic bacteria in four different varieties of red clover
种带真菌 Seed-borne fungi | 相对丰度 Relative abundance (%) | 方差分析ANOVA | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
属 Genus | 种 Species | 岷山MS | 红龙HL | 瑞德RD | VNS | P值 P-value | 错误发现率 FDR | ||||
平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | ||||
枝顶孢属Acremonium | Acremonium alternatum | 0.0010 | 0.0009 | 0.1046 | 0.0316 | 0.0233 | 0.0116 | 0.0138 | 0.0092 | 0.0216 | 0.0921 |
Acremonium charticola | 0.0156 | 0.0097 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0254 | 0.0921 | |
Acremonium fusidioides | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0010 | 0.0018 | 0.0021 | 0.0018 | 0.0011 | 0.0009 | 0.6349 | 0.6498 | |
链格孢属Alternaria | A. alternata | 0.5131 | 0.4741 | 0.0189 | 0.0058 | 0.0389 | 0.0404 | 0.0180 | 0.0122 | 0.1032 | 0.1548 |
A. metachromatica | 6.1734 | 2.6057 | 0.6571 | 0.0616 | 0.1744 | 0.0351 | 0.2093 | 0.1196 | 0.0249 | 0.0921 | |
葡萄孢属Botrytis | Botrytis cinerea | 0.0306 | 0.0327 | 0.0074 | 0.0024 | 0.0088 | 0.0009 | 0.0084 | 0.0051 | 0.2044 | 0.2470 |
枝孢菌属Cladosporium | Cladosporium sp. | 22.2648 | 6.2645 | 22.7230 | 4.7784 | 17.7589 | 2.8880 | 26.5871 | 9.1443 | 0.4243 | 0.4423 |
白粉菌属Erysiphe | E. convolvuli | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0052 | 0.0039 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0132 | 0.0921 |
镰孢菌属Fusarium | F. armeniacum | 0.0041 | 0.0024 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0987 | 0.1507 |
F. domesticum | 0.0026 | 0.0024 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0879 | 0.1365 | |
F. lacertarum | 0.0010 | 0.0018 | 0.0026 | 0.0018 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.1920 | 0.2340 | |
F. oxysporum | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0026 | 0.0024 | 0.0016 | 0.0001 | 0.1314 | 0.1844 | |
F. proliferatum | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0016 | 0.0016 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.2239 | 0.2632 | |
F. solani | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0015 | 0.0027 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.5296 | 0.5485 | |
匍柄霉属Stemphylium | Stemphylium sp. | 0.1209 | 0.1045 | 0.3248 | 0.3317 | 0.9416 | 0.1517 | 0.4951 | 0.2505 | 0.0329 | 0.0870 |
图9 4个品种红三叶种带真菌的α多样性不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05) Different letters mean significant differences at 0.05 level.
Fig.9 Alpha diversity of seed-borne fungi in four varieties of red clover
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