草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 163-173.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024142
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2024-04-23
修回日期:
2024-06-17
出版日期:
2025-02-20
发布日期:
2024-11-27
通讯作者:
曹静,徐国伟
作者简介:
gwxu2007@163.com基金资助:
Hao-jing LI(), Dan-ke ZHANG, Hai-run LI, Jing CAO(), Guo-wei XU()
Received:
2024-04-23
Revised:
2024-06-17
Online:
2025-02-20
Published:
2024-11-27
Contact:
Jing CAO,Guo-wei XU
摘要:
氮肥施用对水稻生长发育及品质形成具有重要影响,为明确施氮对不同食味品质水稻根系生长及分泌有机酸的影响,以郑稻C42(优质食味)和徐稻3号(一般食味)为供试品种进行盆栽试验,设置4个氮肥施用量,分别为0、120、240、360 kg·hm-2(以N0、N120、N240、N360表示),测定水稻根长、根表面积、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、脱落酸含量(ABA)、有机酸总量,为优质食味稻米栽培提供参考。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,水稻根表面积、根系氧化力、Z+ZR含量、有机酸总量先增加后降低,两品种在N240处各指标达到最高值。与不施氮肥相比,抽穗期徐稻3号在N240时上述指标分别增加了148.0%、48.5%、16.0%与86.5%,郑稻C42在N240时分别增加了103.7%、72.5%、17.8%与98.0%。ABA含量随施氮量增加先降低后增加,在N240处达到最低值。不同食味品种间比较发现,郑稻C42的根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量和有机酸总量高于徐稻3号,平均增加40.7%、74.7%、9.7%和34.1%。郑稻C42的根长、根表面积均小于徐稻3号。相关分析可知,根表面积、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量和有机酸总量与直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著负相关,而与胶稠度呈显著或极显著正相关;幼穗分化始期根系伤流液中ABA含量与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,而与胶稠度呈极显著负相关。综上,N240下不同食味品种根系生长及分泌功能较强。优质食味郑稻C42的根长、根表面积较小,而根系生理活性及根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量与有机酸总量较高。研究结果可以为不同食味水稻栽培及氮肥管理提供理论依据。
李浩晶, 张丹珂, 李海润, 曹静, 徐国伟. 施氮对不同食味品质水稻根系生长及分泌有机酸的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(2): 163-173.
Hao-jing LI, Dan-ke ZHANG, Hai-run LI, Jing CAO, Guo-wei XU. Effect of nitrogen application rates on root growth and organic acid secretion in two rice varieties with different eating quality[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 163-173.
品种Cultivar | 处理Treatment | 分蘖盛期Mid-tillering | 幼穗分化始期Panicle initiation | 抽穗期Heading | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
徐稻3号 Xudao 3 | N0 | 105.77e | 142.55c | 205.13d | 230.36d |
N120 | 201.81bc | 282.83b | 352.53b | 244.71cd | |
N240 | 253.49a | 340.70a | 465.08a | 276.83b | |
N360 | 211.09bc | 335.27a | 357.15b | 235.32d | |
平均值Mean | 193.04 | 275.34 | 344.98 | 246.81 | |
郑稻C42 Zhengdao C42 | N0 | 136.47d | 192.77c | 213.57d | 207.02e |
N120 | 159.49d | 311.42ab | 238.29c | 264.58bc | |
N240 | 223.46b | 333.26a | 347.41b | 305.37a | |
N360 | 195.79c | 330.70a | 353.24b | 322.97a | |
平均值Mean | 178.81 | 292.04 | 288.13 | 274.99 | |
方差分析Variance analysis (ANOVA) | |||||
品种Cultivar (C) | 6.16** | 2.36* | 179.04** | 35.79** | |
施氮量Nitrogen (N) | 73.88** | 103.31** | 396.65** | 27.81** | |
品种×施氮量C×N | 7.75** | 1.86* | 64.90** | 18.27** |
表1 施氮对不同食味品质水稻根长的影响
Table 1 Effect of nitrogen rates on root length of rice varieties with different eating qualities (m·hill-1)
品种Cultivar | 处理Treatment | 分蘖盛期Mid-tillering | 幼穗分化始期Panicle initiation | 抽穗期Heading | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
徐稻3号 Xudao 3 | N0 | 105.77e | 142.55c | 205.13d | 230.36d |
N120 | 201.81bc | 282.83b | 352.53b | 244.71cd | |
N240 | 253.49a | 340.70a | 465.08a | 276.83b | |
N360 | 211.09bc | 335.27a | 357.15b | 235.32d | |
平均值Mean | 193.04 | 275.34 | 344.98 | 246.81 | |
郑稻C42 Zhengdao C42 | N0 | 136.47d | 192.77c | 213.57d | 207.02e |
N120 | 159.49d | 311.42ab | 238.29c | 264.58bc | |
N240 | 223.46b | 333.26a | 347.41b | 305.37a | |
N360 | 195.79c | 330.70a | 353.24b | 322.97a | |
平均值Mean | 178.81 | 292.04 | 288.13 | 274.99 | |
方差分析Variance analysis (ANOVA) | |||||
品种Cultivar (C) | 6.16** | 2.36* | 179.04** | 35.79** | |
施氮量Nitrogen (N) | 73.88** | 103.31** | 396.65** | 27.81** | |
品种×施氮量C×N | 7.75** | 1.86* | 64.90** | 18.27** |
品种Cultivar | 处理Treatment | 分蘖盛期Mid-tillering | 幼穗分化始期Panicle initiation | 抽穗期Heading | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
徐稻3号 Xudao 3 | N0 | 0.15f | 0.27d | 0.25e | 0.24d |
N120 | 0.20d | 0.46c | 0.42c | 0.31c | |
N240 | 0.30a | 0.58ab | 0.62a | 0.45a | |
N360 | 0.26b | 0.55b | 0.55b | 0.38b | |
平均值Mean | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.35 | |
郑稻C42 Zhengdao C42 | N0 | 0.17ef | 0.22e | 0.27e | 0.22d |
N120 | 0.19de | 0.42c | 0.34d | 0.36b | |
N240 | 0.27b | 0.63a | 0.55b | 0.38b | |
N360 | 0.23c | 0.54b | 0.47c | 0.37b | |
平均值Mean | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.33 | |
方差分析Variance analysis (ANOVA) | |||||
品种Cultivar (C) | 6.57** | 1.40 | 15.13** | 11.77** | |
施氮量Nitrogen (N) | 100.81** | 174.18** | 116.61** | 253.65** | |
品种×施氮量C×N | 4.57* | 3.20* | 3.03 | 26.35** |
表2 施氮对不同食味品质水稻根表面积的影响
Table 2 Effect of nitrogen rates on root surface of rice varieties with different eating qualities (m2·hill-1)
品种Cultivar | 处理Treatment | 分蘖盛期Mid-tillering | 幼穗分化始期Panicle initiation | 抽穗期Heading | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
徐稻3号 Xudao 3 | N0 | 0.15f | 0.27d | 0.25e | 0.24d |
N120 | 0.20d | 0.46c | 0.42c | 0.31c | |
N240 | 0.30a | 0.58ab | 0.62a | 0.45a | |
N360 | 0.26b | 0.55b | 0.55b | 0.38b | |
平均值Mean | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.35 | |
郑稻C42 Zhengdao C42 | N0 | 0.17ef | 0.22e | 0.27e | 0.22d |
N120 | 0.19de | 0.42c | 0.34d | 0.36b | |
N240 | 0.27b | 0.63a | 0.55b | 0.38b | |
N360 | 0.23c | 0.54b | 0.47c | 0.37b | |
平均值Mean | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.33 | |
方差分析Variance analysis (ANOVA) | |||||
品种Cultivar (C) | 6.57** | 1.40 | 15.13** | 11.77** | |
施氮量Nitrogen (N) | 100.81** | 174.18** | 116.61** | 253.65** | |
品种×施氮量C×N | 4.57* | 3.20* | 3.03 | 26.35** |
图1 施氮对不同食味品质水稻根系氧化力的影响X: 徐稻3号;Z: 郑稻C42。同一生育时期不同字母表示不同处理在0.05水平差异显著。下同。X: Xudao 3; Z: Zhengdao C42. Different letters in the same stage indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of nitrogen rates on root oxidation activity of rice varieties with different eating qualities
图6 不同食味品质水稻根系特性与蒸煮食味品质间的关系RL: 根长 Root length; RS: 根表面积 Root surface area; ROA: 根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity; RB: 根系伤流量 Root bleeding sap; Z+ZR: 根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷含量 Contents of zeatin and zeatin riboside in root bleeding sap; ABA: 根系伤流液中脱落酸含量Contents of abscisic acid in root bleeding sap; TOA: 根系伤流液中有机酸总量Total organic acid in root bleeding sap; AC: 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content; GC: 胶稠度 Gel consistency. A: 分蘖盛期 Mid-tillering; B: 幼穗分化始期 Panicle initiation; C: 抽穗期 Heading stage; D: 成熟期或花后20 d Maturity or 20 days after anthesis. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01.
Fig.6 The relationship between root index and eating qualities of rice
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