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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 191-202.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024084

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

陇东南部林缘山区青贮玉米品种筛选及其高效栽培研究

王新友(), 王小兰, 张万昌, 李颖, 马永玲, 王晓寅, 王建刚, 王海青, 岳贝凡, 刘永福, 王永宏, 刘珊, 白美婷()   

  1. 甘肃开放大学,甘肃 兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-17 修回日期:2024-05-16 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2024-11-04
  • 通讯作者: 白美婷
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 675132057@qq.com
    王新友(1981-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士。E-mail: 254950602@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2022年度陇原青年创新创业人才(团队)项目“生态草牧业助推林缘山区高质量发展技术研究团队(2022LQTD21┫”);“不同施肥处理对陇东南部林缘区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响研究(2022B-390┫” 资助)

Selection of optimal varieties of silage maize and methods for cultivation in mountainous forest-margin areas of southeast Gansu Province

Xin-you WANG(), Xiao-lan WANG, Wan-chang ZHANG, Ying LI, Yong-ling MA, Xiao-yin WANG, Jian-gang WANG, Hai-qing WANG, Bei-fan YUE, Yong-fu LIU, Yong-hong WANG, Shan LIU, Mei-ting BAI()   

  1. Gansu Open University,Lanzhou 730030,China
  • Received:2024-03-17 Revised:2024-05-16 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2024-11-04
  • Contact: Mei-ting BAI

摘要:

为筛选出适宜陇东南部林缘山区栽培的青贮玉米品种,并确定其合理的栽培方式,本试验先以5份青贮玉米品种为研究对象,通过田间试验比较了不同品种在该地区的生产性能和营养成分含量,并采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价发现:铁研53表现最好,可作为主推品种。再以优势品种铁研53为材料,分别探究了不同施氮量(0、70、140、210 和280 kg N·hm-2)和不同种植密度(60000、67500、75000、82500和90000株·hm-2)对铁研53产量和品质的影响。结果表明:铁研53产量在施氮210 kg N·hm-2 时达到最大,为38.80 t·hm-2,施氮280 kg N·hm-2时产量并未随施氮量的增加而显著增加,但其营养品质在施氮280 kg N·hm-2时最好。铁研53随密度的增加产量增加,在密度为90000株·hm-2时产量最高;虽然种植密度为75000株·hm-2时粗蛋白含量达到最高,但粗蛋白产量在种植密度为90000株·hm-2时达到最高。为兼顾产量和利润,本研究通过拟合施氮量与产量和经济效益的关系,初步推荐该地区铁研53的适宜施氮量为280.74 kg N·hm-2。另外,综合考虑产量和品质,推荐铁研53种植密度为90000 株·hm-2

关键词: 青贮玉米, 产量, 品质, 灰色关联度分析法, 种植密度, 施氮量

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to screen cultivars of silage maize (Zea mays) to identify those suitable for cultivation in forest-margin mountainous areas of southeast Gansu, and to determine the most appropriate cultivation methods. A field experiment was conducted with five varieties of silage maize, and their yields and nutrient contents were determined. A grey correlation analysis was conducted to rank the five varieties from most to least suitable on the basis of their attributes. Overall, the variety Tie Yan 53 performed the best, and could serve as the main variety for cultivation in southeast Gansu. The impact of different nitrogen application rates (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N·ha-1) and different planting densities (60000, 67500, 75000, 82500 and 90000 plants·ha-1) on the yields and quality of Tie Yan 53 was determined. The results showed that the maximum yield of Tie Yan 53 (38.80 t·ha-1) was obtained with 210 kg N·ha-1. Increasing the N application rate to 280 kg N·ha-1 did not increase the yield, but resulted in the best nutrient status. The yield of Tie Yan 53 increased with increasing planting density, with the maximum yield achieved at 90000 plants·ha-1. The crude protein content was highest at a planting density of 75000 plants·ha-1, and the crude protein yield was highest at a planting density of 90000 plants·ha-1. Considering the balance between N application, yield, and economic benefits, 280.74 kg N·ha-1 is recommended as the appropriate N application rate for Tie Yan 53 in this area. To achieve the best yield and quality, the recommended planting density is 90000 plants·ha-1.

Key words: silage maize, yield, quality, grey correlation analysis, planting density, nitrogen application rate