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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 117-128.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025372

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

生物炭对盐碱胁迫下无芒雀麦幼苗生理和基因表达的影响

甘芮1(), 杨国斌2, 隋晓青1(), 齐静1, 靳瑰丽1, 王玉祥1, 彭建3   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学草业学院,西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆农业大学农学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830049
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15 修回日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 隋晓青
  • 作者简介:E-mail: sxq303@xjau.edu.cn
    甘芮(1997-),女,四川成都人,在读硕士。E-mail: 893532022@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2023B02031)

The effects of biochar on the physiological responses and gene expression of Bromus inermis seedlings under saline-alkaline stress

Rui GAN1(), Guo-bin YANG2, Xiao-qing SUI1(), Jing QI1, Gui-li JIN1, Yu-xiang WANG1, Jian PENG3   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Xinjiang Grassland Technical Promotion Station,Urumqi 830049,China
  • Received:2025-09-15 Revised:2025-12-24 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Xiao-qing SUI

摘要:

生物炭(biochar)被广泛认为可通过改善盐碱地土壤性质和微结构,促进植物生长,为探究生物炭对盐碱胁迫下无芒雀麦幼苗的缓解效应,本研究在新疆硫酸盐型盐渍土中设置5个生物炭梯度(0、30、50、70、90 t·hm?2),以‘新雀3号’无芒雀麦为供试材料,分析幼苗生长、光合特性、生理特性及耐盐碱基因的响应。结果表明:生物炭70 t·hm?2(T3)处理效果最优,主要表现为株高、总生物量、根总长和根表面积分别增加41.85%、34.38%、46.94%、63.98%,净光合速率和叶绿素a+b含量提高32.06%和118.44%,叶片解剖结构趋于正常,气孔密度增加,维管束发育完整,过氧化氢和丙二醛积累显著减少,抗氧化酶活性降低。分子层面,T3处理下多个耐盐碱相关基因(BiBHLH、BiAP2/ERF、BiLRR、BiABCC1等)的表达水平显著下调。综上,通过添加适量生物炭能够有效缓解盐碱胁迫对无芒雀麦幼苗生长的抑制,提升无芒雀麦在盐碱地中的生长表现与适应能力,为其在盐碱地的利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物炭, 盐碱胁迫, 无芒雀麦, 生理特性, 基因表达

Abstract:

Biochar is widely recognized for its ability to improve the properties and microstructure of saline-alkaline soils, thereby promoting plant growth. This study investigated biochar mitigating effects on Bromus inermis seedlings under saline-alkaline stress, and was conducted using B. inermis cultivar ‘Xinque No.3’in sulfate-type saline soil in Xinjiang, with five biochar application rates [0, 30, 50, 70, and 90 t·ha-1; control (T0), T1-T4, respectively]. The changes in seedling growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological responses, and expression levels of salt-alkaline tolerance-related genes were analyzed. It was found that the optimal mitigating effect was achieved with 70 t·ha-1 biochar (T3): compared with the control. In T3, compared to the control, plant height, total biomass, root total length, and root surface area were increased (P<0.05) by 41.85%, 34.38%, 46.94%, and 63.98%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll (a+b) content were increased by 32.06% and 118.44%, respectively, with stable leaf anatomical structure, increased stomatal density, and intact vascular bundle development. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde was decreased significantly, accompanied by a synchronous reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity. At the molecular level, the expression levels of salt-alkaline tolerance-related genes such as BiBHLH, BiAP2/ERF, BiLRR, and BiABCC1 were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, in this experiment the application of 70 t·ha-1 of biochar effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of saline-alkaline stress on the growth of B. inermis seedlings, enhanced their growth performance and adaptability in saline-alkaline environments. This experiment provides research data to support the ecological utilization of B. inermis in localities with saline-alkaline soil.

Key words: biochar, saline-alkali stress, Bromus inermis, physiological characteristics, gene expression