草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 245-256.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025138
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
童玉花(
), 王晓彤, 马永龙, 杨金辉, 余冬雯, 李淑霞(
)
收稿日期:2025-04-17
修回日期:2025-05-21
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-01-19
通讯作者:
李淑霞
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: lishuxia620@163.com基金资助:
Yu-hua TONG(
), Xiao-tong WANG, Yong-long MA, Jin-hui YANG, Dong-wen YU, Shu-xia LI(
)
Received:2025-04-17
Revised:2025-05-21
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-01-19
Contact:
Shu-xia LI
摘要:
为探究外源壳聚糖(CS)对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响,以15份紫花苜蓿种质材料为研究对象,设定0、50、75和100 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫浓度梯度,探究不同浓度盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发期耐盐碱性的影响,从而筛选出最适盐碱胁迫浓度以及不同耐盐碱性的种质材料。最终确定75 mmol·L-1为后续试验的最佳胁迫浓度,并筛选出耐盐碱、中等耐盐碱和盐碱敏感的3份紫花苜蓿种质材料用于正式试验。在正式试验中,以蒸馏水作为对照(CK),将上述3份种质材料的紫花苜蓿种子分别用0、25、75、125、175、200 mg·L-1这6个浓度梯度的壳聚糖溶液浸种12 h,随后置于75 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫环境下进行种子萌发试验。结果表明,经外源壳聚糖浸种处理后,3份紫花苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长和鲜重等萌发指标,相较于单独盐碱胁迫处理均呈上升趋势。并且,随着壳聚糖浓度的增加,各萌发指标呈先升高后下降的变化规律,其中壳聚糖浓度为75 mg·L-1时效果最优。此外,不同浓度的壳聚糖浸种处理对3份紫花苜蓿种子的各萌发指标影响均有所不同,表明壳聚糖在一定浓度范围内具有明显的浓度效应。综上所述,外源壳聚糖浸种处理能够有效缓解盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的抑制作用,显著改善种子的萌发状况。本研究为改善紫花苜蓿在盐碱地的适应性及种植成功率提供了有效路径。
童玉花, 王晓彤, 马永龙, 杨金辉, 余冬雯, 李淑霞. 壳聚糖浸种对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(3): 245-256.
Yu-hua TONG, Xiao-tong WANG, Yong-long MA, Jin-hui YANG, Dong-wen YU, Shu-xia LI. Effects of a chitosan seed soaking treatment on seed germination and growth of alfalfa under saline alkali stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 245-256.
盐碱处理 Saline-alkaline treatment (mmol·L-1) | 发芽率Germination percentage (GP, %) | 发芽势Germination energy (GE, %) | 发芽指数 Germination index (GI) | 活力指数 Vigor index (VI) | 根长 Root length (RL, mm) | 苗长 Seedling length (SL, mm) | 鲜重 Fresh weight (FW, g·plant -1 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 87±0.01a | 75±0.02a | 26.75±2.10a | 936.56±98.87a | 33.73±1.74a | 2.80±0.15a | 0.38±0.02a |
| 50 | 48±0.03b | 43±0.03b | 21.61±2.01ab | 299.43±32.85b | 13.51±0.53b | 1.90±0.15b | 0.24±0.02b |
| 75 | 41±0.03bc | 33±0.03c | 17.80±1.64bc | 205.33±25.99b | 11.00±0.60bc | 1.24±0.11c | 0.18±0.01c |
| 100 | 34±0.03c | 28±0.03c | 14.44±1.55c | 151.07±24.45b | 9.65±0.65c | 0.64±0.11d | 0.12±0.01d |
表1 不同盐碱处理对15份紫花苜蓿种质材料发芽指标的影响
Table 1 Effects of different saline-alkaline treatments on germination indexes of 15 alfalfa germplasm materials
盐碱处理 Saline-alkaline treatment (mmol·L-1) | 发芽率Germination percentage (GP, %) | 发芽势Germination energy (GE, %) | 发芽指数 Germination index (GI) | 活力指数 Vigor index (VI) | 根长 Root length (RL, mm) | 苗长 Seedling length (SL, mm) | 鲜重 Fresh weight (FW, g·plant -1 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 87±0.01a | 75±0.02a | 26.75±2.10a | 936.56±98.87a | 33.73±1.74a | 2.80±0.15a | 0.38±0.02a |
| 50 | 48±0.03b | 43±0.03b | 21.61±2.01ab | 299.43±32.85b | 13.51±0.53b | 1.90±0.15b | 0.24±0.02b |
| 75 | 41±0.03bc | 33±0.03c | 17.80±1.64bc | 205.33±25.99b | 11.00±0.60bc | 1.24±0.11c | 0.18±0.01c |
| 100 | 34±0.03c | 28±0.03c | 14.44±1.55c | 151.07±24.45b | 9.65±0.65c | 0.64±0.11d | 0.12±0.01d |
种质材料 Germplasm materials | F(X1) | F(X2) | F(X3) | U(X1) | U(X2) | U(X3) | D值 D value | 排序 Order |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magna Graze 2 | 1.168 | -0.079 | 1.702 | 0.821 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.781 | 2 |
| 3010 | -0.803 | -0.254 | 0.770 | 0.266 | 0.401 | 0.715 | 0.331 | 12 |
| 4030 | -1.537 | 1.953 | 1.218 | 0.059 | 1.000 | 0.852 | 0.283 | 14 |
| 猎人河Hunter River | 0.505 | 0.445 | 0.473 | 0.634 | 0.590 | 0.624 | 0.627 | 5 |
| 标杆Biaogan | -0.704 | 0.716 | -0.738 | 0.294 | 0.664 | 0.254 | 0.347 | 11 |
| 牧歌401 Muge 401 | 1.803 | -0.118 | -0.051 | 1.000 | 0.437 | 0.464 | 0.860 | 1 |
| 克山Keshan | -1.746 | -1.728 | -0.709 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.262 | 0.026 | 15 |
| 雷达克之星Ladak Star | -0.369 | 1.154 | 0.440 | 0.388 | 0.783 | 0.614 | 0.472 | 8 |
| 巨能401 Juneng 401 | -0.029 | 0.744 | -1.566 | 0.484 | 0.672 | 0.000 | 0.465 | 9 |
| 皇冠Crown | 1.063 | 0.580 | -1.432 | 0.791 | 0.627 | 0.041 | 0.692 | 3 |
| 牧歌301 Muge301 | -0.163 | -1.056 | -0.687 | 0.446 | 0.183 | 0.269 | 0.388 | 10 |
| 沃苜一号Womo 1 | 0.475 | -1.389 | 1.216 | 0.626 | 0.092 | 0.851 | 0.565 | 6 |
| 中苜一号Zhongmu 1 | 0.743 | -0.080 | 0.035 | 0.701 | 0.448 | 0.490 | 0.641 | 4 |
| 蕴能Yunneng | 0.260 | 0.163 | -0.999 | 0.565 | 0.514 | 0.174 | 0.518 | 7 |
| 飞跃Leap | -0.665 | -1.052 | 0.328 | 0.305 | 0.184 | 0.580 | 0.313 | 13 |
表2 15份紫花苜蓿种子萌发期耐盐碱性评价
Table 2 Evaluation of saline-alkaline tolerance during germination of 15 alfalfa seeds
种质材料 Germplasm materials | F(X1) | F(X2) | F(X3) | U(X1) | U(X2) | U(X3) | D值 D value | 排序 Order |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magna Graze 2 | 1.168 | -0.079 | 1.702 | 0.821 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.781 | 2 |
| 3010 | -0.803 | -0.254 | 0.770 | 0.266 | 0.401 | 0.715 | 0.331 | 12 |
| 4030 | -1.537 | 1.953 | 1.218 | 0.059 | 1.000 | 0.852 | 0.283 | 14 |
| 猎人河Hunter River | 0.505 | 0.445 | 0.473 | 0.634 | 0.590 | 0.624 | 0.627 | 5 |
| 标杆Biaogan | -0.704 | 0.716 | -0.738 | 0.294 | 0.664 | 0.254 | 0.347 | 11 |
| 牧歌401 Muge 401 | 1.803 | -0.118 | -0.051 | 1.000 | 0.437 | 0.464 | 0.860 | 1 |
| 克山Keshan | -1.746 | -1.728 | -0.709 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.262 | 0.026 | 15 |
| 雷达克之星Ladak Star | -0.369 | 1.154 | 0.440 | 0.388 | 0.783 | 0.614 | 0.472 | 8 |
| 巨能401 Juneng 401 | -0.029 | 0.744 | -1.566 | 0.484 | 0.672 | 0.000 | 0.465 | 9 |
| 皇冠Crown | 1.063 | 0.580 | -1.432 | 0.791 | 0.627 | 0.041 | 0.692 | 3 |
| 牧歌301 Muge301 | -0.163 | -1.056 | -0.687 | 0.446 | 0.183 | 0.269 | 0.388 | 10 |
| 沃苜一号Womo 1 | 0.475 | -1.389 | 1.216 | 0.626 | 0.092 | 0.851 | 0.565 | 6 |
| 中苜一号Zhongmu 1 | 0.743 | -0.080 | 0.035 | 0.701 | 0.448 | 0.490 | 0.641 | 4 |
| 蕴能Yunneng | 0.260 | 0.163 | -0.999 | 0.565 | 0.514 | 0.174 | 0.518 | 7 |
| 飞跃Leap | -0.665 | -1.052 | 0.328 | 0.305 | 0.184 | 0.580 | 0.313 | 13 |
图2 壳聚糖浸种处理对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子发芽率和发芽势的影响CK、T0、T25、T75、T125、T175和T200分别代表7个处理水平,分别为蒸馏水处理、盐碱胁迫下0、25、75、125、175和200 mg·L-1壳聚糖浸种处理;不同小写字母表示同一种质材料不同处理水平间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。CK, T0, T25, T75, T125, T175 and T200 represent 7 treatment levels respectively, which are distilled water treatment 0, 25, 75, 125, 175 and 200 mg·L-1 chitosan soaking treatment under saline-alkaline stress. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatment levels for the same germplasm material (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Effect of chitosan seed soaking treatment on germination percentage and germination energy of alfalfa seeds under saline-alkaline stress
图3 壳聚糖浸种处理对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子发芽指数和活力指数的影响
Fig.3 Effect of chitosan seed soaking treatments on germination index and vigor index of alfalfa seeds under saline-alkaline stress
图4 壳聚糖浸种处理对盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿根长、苗长和鲜重的影响
Fig.4 Effect of chitosan seed soaking treatments on root length, seedling length and fresh weight of alfalfa under saline-alkaline stress
指标 Index | 发芽率 Germination percentage (GP) | 发芽势 Germination energy (GE) | 发芽指数 Germination index (GI) | 活力指数 Vigor index (VI) | 根长 Root length (RL) | 苗长 Seedling length (SL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发芽势Germination energy (GE) | 0.993** | |||||
| 发芽指数Germination index (GI) | 0.866** | 0.870** | ||||
| 活力指数Vigor index (VI) | 0.858** | 0.875** | 0.887** | |||
| 根长Root length (RL) | 0.852** | 0.854** | 0.788** | 0.927** | ||
| 苗长Seedling length (SL) | 0.781** | 0.753** | 0.502** | 0.689** | 0.835** | |
| 鲜重Fresh weight (FW) | 0.790** | 0.767** | 0.828** | 0.882** | 0.836** | 0.670** |
表3 不同浓度的壳聚糖浸种处理对紫花苜蓿种子各萌发指标之间的相关性
Table 3 Correlation between various germination indexes of alfalfa seeds by different concentrations of chitosan soaking treatments
指标 Index | 发芽率 Germination percentage (GP) | 发芽势 Germination energy (GE) | 发芽指数 Germination index (GI) | 活力指数 Vigor index (VI) | 根长 Root length (RL) | 苗长 Seedling length (SL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 发芽势Germination energy (GE) | 0.993** | |||||
| 发芽指数Germination index (GI) | 0.866** | 0.870** | ||||
| 活力指数Vigor index (VI) | 0.858** | 0.875** | 0.887** | |||
| 根长Root length (RL) | 0.852** | 0.854** | 0.788** | 0.927** | ||
| 苗长Seedling length (SL) | 0.781** | 0.753** | 0.502** | 0.689** | 0.835** | |
| 鲜重Fresh weight (FW) | 0.790** | 0.767** | 0.828** | 0.882** | 0.836** | 0.670** |
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