γ-氨基丁酸对镉胁迫下匍匐翦股颖耐受性及镉吸收转运的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

镉（Cd）是土壤中常见的重金属污染物，严重降低了草坪草的生长发育。γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是植物体内重要的生长调节物质，广泛参与调节植物非生物胁迫耐受性。本研究探讨了外施GABA对Cd胁迫下匍匐翦股颖叶片内源GABA含量、叶绿素荧光性能、细胞膜稳定性及不同部位Cd吸收和转运的影响。研究结果显示，Cd胁迫显著降低了匍匐翦股颖叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量和光化学效率，导致膜脂过氧化伤害和细胞膜稳定性降低。外源添加 0.5 mmol·L^-1GABA能显著提高Cd胁迫下叶片内源GABA积累、叶绿素含量和相对含水量，抑制丙二醛产生和电解质渗透率上升，并提高光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和叶片健康指数（PI_ABS），有效缓解了Cd胁迫对细胞造成的伤害。此外，Cd胁迫下匍匐翦股颖叶片和根系中Cd含量急剧升高，但Cd在根系中的富集量远远大于地上部分。外施GABA能显著降低叶片中Cd的积累，但提高了Cd在根系中的积累，表明GABA抑制了Cd从根系向地上部分的转运。这一过程可能与GABA显著上调了根系中AsZIP2、AsNRAMP1和AsNRAMP5的表达量以及下调了叶片中AsNRAMP1和AsNRAMP5的表达量有关。GABA也显著上调了Cd胁迫下根系中AsHMA1、AsHMA3、AsABCC2和AsABCC4的表达量，有助于提高根系Cd离子区隔化到液泡中，降低根系Cd的毒性。这些研究结果不仅丰富了GABA在调节植物耐Cd性上的作用机理，也为冷季型草坪草耐Cd栽培管理提供了技术参考。

关键词: 匍匐翦股颖, γ-氨基丁酸, 镉胁迫, 镉离子吸收转运, 基因表达

Abstract:

Cadmium （Cd） is a common heavy metal pollutant in soil that seriously reduces the growth and development of turfgrasses. γ-Aminobutyric acid （GABA） is an important growth regulator in plants， and is involved in regulating tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study， we determined the effects of exogenous GABA on the endogenous GABA content， chlorophyll fluorescence parameters， cell membrane stability， and Cd uptake and transport in different organs of creeping bentgrass （Agrostis stolonifera）. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced the relative water content， chlorophyll content， and photochemical efficiency in leaves， leading to membrane lipid peroxidation and reduced cell membrane stability. The application of 0.5 mmol·L^-1 GABA significantly increased the endogenous GABA content， chlorophyll content， relative water content， photochemical efficiency （F_v/F_m）， and performance index on an absorption basis （PI_ABS）， and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in leaves of creeping bentgrass under Cd stress. The Cd content in leaves and roots increased sharply under Cd stress， but Cd accumulated to much higher levels in the roots than in the leaves. Exogenous application of GABA significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the leaves， but increased Cd accumulation in the roots， indicating that GABA inhibited the transport of Cd from roots to aboveground parts. This process may be related to changes in gene expression， because application of GABA resulted in significant upregulation of AsZIP2， AsNRAMP1， and AsNRAMP5 in roots， and downregulation of AsNRAMP1 and AsNRAMP5 in leaves. In addition， GABA significantly upregulated AsHMA1， AsHMA3， AsABCC2， and AsABCC4 in the roots of plants under Cd stress， which promoted the compartmentalization of Cd ions into vacuoles to reduce Cd toxicity. These results not only provide new information about the mechanism by which GABA regulates Cd tolerance in plants， but also provide a technical reference for the cultivation and management of cold-season turfgrass in Cd-polluted soils.

Key words: Agrostis stolonifera, γ-aminobutyric acid, cadmium stress, cadmium ion absorption and transport, gene expression

第乙林, 刘思甜, 刘欣影, 杜泳, 李州. γ-氨基丁酸对镉胁迫下匍匐翦股颖耐受性及镉吸收转运的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(2): 208-220.

Yi-lin DI, Si-tian LIU, Xin-ying LIU, Yong DU, Zhou LI. Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on cadmium stress tolerance and cadmium uptake and transport in creeping bentgrass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 208-220.

图/表 9

表1 实时荧光定量PCR引物

Table 1 Real-time PCR primers

基因 Gene	上游引物 Forward primer （5'-3'）	下游引物 Reverse primer （5'-3'）	退火温度 Annealing temperature （Tm， ℃）
Asβ-actin	CCTTTTCCAGCCATCTTTCA	GAGGTCCTTCCTGATATCCA	54
AsHMA1	GGCTTGTCAGTCTATTGCTTT	GCTTCACTTTCACAGTTTGGT	54
AsHMA3	CTGGGAGACGGGAACAGAG	CAGCAGTGGCAGGCTTTATC	58
AsZIP2	ATCACTCCACGGCATCAAT	CTTTCGTTTCAGCGACTCC	54
AsABCC2	AGAGCTGTTTATTCCGATTCA	CTATTTGCCCCTGAGGTATG	54
AsABCC4	AAAGGAGAGCGGACGAGTAA	GAAGCGTAGACACCAAGGAAC	56
AsNRAMP1	ACTCTTCAATCCGCACCTCT	TTCCTCACCCAGTTCTTCATC	56
AsNRAMP5	AGCAGCAGAAGCAAGATGG	CAGAGGGAAGACGACGATG	56

图1 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2胁迫下匍匐翦股颖生长和叶片叶绿素含量的影响不同字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。Different letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05 level. The same below.

Fig.1 Effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on growth and chlorophyll content in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图2 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2胁迫下匍匐翦股颖叶片荧光参数的影响

Fig.2 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on fluorescence parameters of A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图3 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2胁迫下匍匐翦股颖膜透性、相对含水量及γ-氨基丁酸合成的影响

Fig.3 Effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on membrane permeability， relative water content and GABA synthesis of A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图4 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2胁迫下匍匐翦股颖Cd含量及离子分配的影响

Fig.4 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on Cd2+ content and ion partitioning in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图5 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2胁迫下匍匐翦股颖 ZIP 基因家族表达的影响

Fig.5 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the expression of ZIP gene family in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图6 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2 胁迫下匍匐翦股颖 NRAMP 基因家族表达的影响

Fig.6 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the expression of NRAMP gene family in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图7 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2 胁迫下匍匐翦股颖 HMA 基因家族表达的影响

Fig.7 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the expression of HMA gene family in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

图8 外源γ-氨基丁酸对CdCl2 胁迫下匍匐翦股颖 ABCC 基因家族表达的影响

Fig.8 Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the expression of ABCC gene family in A. stolonifera under CdCl2 stress

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