纳米铁引发和生物炭结壳包衣对中华羊茅种子萌发和幼苗生长耐盐性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025331

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国内陆盐碱地的利用成为栽培草地建设和生态修复关注的热点问题，提高盐碱胁迫条件下种子出苗率和幼苗抗逆性则是草地建设是否成功的关键。以中华羊茅种子为材料，在75 mmol·L^-1混合盐溶液（NaCl和Na₂SO₄溶液配比为5∶1）胁迫下采用纳米铁颗粒悬浮液不同引发浓度（50、75、100和125 mg·L^-1）和不同时间（10和108 h）处理，结合生物炭结壳包衣（每5 g裸种子添加0.35、0.50、1.00和1.15 g）处理，分析比较中华羊茅种子发芽、幼苗生长特性和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律，筛选确定最佳的耐盐处理方式。结果表明：1）100 mg·L^-1纳米铁引发10 h能有效提高中华羊茅种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数，每5 g裸种子添加0.50 g生物炭结壳包衣配方能有效提高种子的出苗率、出苗速度指数和幼苗根长，多光谱成像获取的标准化典型判别分析（nCDA）图像结果与上述种子发芽特性变化一致；两种处理均可显著提高幼苗的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性，表明中华羊茅幼苗活性氧（ROS）清除能力增强，提高了幼苗在盐胁迫下的抗氧化能力。2）引发和包衣组合处理未产生协同效应。将最优引发、包衣处理进行组合，其对种子发芽特性和幼苗抗氧化能力提升效果并未显著优于相应单因素处理，多光谱成像也未显示幼苗活力提高；组合处理对提高中华羊茅抗盐性的效果不显著。综合分析，100 mg·L^-1纳米铁引发10 h和每5 g裸种子添加0.50 g生物炭的结壳包衣均能有效提升中华羊茅在盐胁迫下的种子萌发与幼苗活力，但二者组合处理未表现出协同增效作用。

关键词: 中华羊茅, 纳米铁引发, 生物炭, 盐胁迫

Abstract:

The utilization of saline-alkali lands in China’s inland regions has become a focal point in the development and construction of sown grasslands and in ecological restoration. Enhancing seed germination rates and seedling stress tolerance under saline-alkali stress conditions are important factors for successful grassland construction. In this study， Festuca sinensis seeds were treated with nano-iron particle suspensions at concentrations of 50， 75， 100， and 125 mg·L^-1， for 10 or 108 hours during saline-alkali stress （a 75 mmol·L^-1 mixed salt solution of NaCl and Na?SO? at a solution ratio of 5∶1）. In addition， four biochar crust coating treatments were applied （0.35， 0.50， 1.00， and 1.15 g biochar per 5 g bare seeds）. We analyzed and compared the seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of F. sinensis seeds in the various treatments， as well as antioxidant enzyme activity， and determined the optimal conditions for tolerance to saline-alkali stress. The main results were as follows： 1） Treatment with 100 mg·L^-1 nano-iron for 10 h effectively enhanced the germination rate， germination index， and vitality index of F. sinensis seeds. Seeds with a biochar crust （0.50 g biochar per 5 g bare seeds） showed significantly improved seedling emergence rate， emergence speed index， and seedling root length. Multispectral imaging-derived normalized canonical discriminant analyses （nCDA） images correlated with these seed germination traits； the priming treatment （nano-iron particles） and coating treatment （biochar crust） significantly elevated the activities of catalase， peroxidase， monodehydroascorbate reductase， glutathione reductase， and ascorbate peroxidase activity in seedlings， indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and improved antioxidant capacity under salt stress. 2） The combination of priming and coating treatments did not have a synergistic effect. Combining the optimal priming and encrusting treatments did not significantly outperform the corresponding single-factor treatments in terms of enhancing seed germination characteristics or seedling antioxidant capacity. Multispectral imaging also failed to reveal further improvements in seedling vigor in the combined treatments compared with the single-factor treatments. The combined treatment showed no significant effect on enhancing the salt tolerance of F. sinensis. Among all the treatments， exposure to 100 mg·L^-1 nano-iron for 10 hours and biochar crust formation with 0.50 g biochar per 5 g bare seeds effectively enhanced the seed germination and seedling vigor of F. sinensis under salt stress. However， the combined treatment did not exhibit synergistic effects.

Key words: Festuca sinensis, nano-iron priming, biochar, salt stress

李若鸿, 李长然, 傅佳怡, 胡新雨, 毛培胜. 纳米铁引发和生物炭结壳包衣对中华羊茅种子萌发和幼苗生长耐盐性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 32-44.

Ruo-hong LI, Chang-ran LI, Jia-yi FU, Xin-yu HU, Pei-sheng MAO. Effects of nano-iron priming and biochar encrusting on the salt tolerance of Festuca sinensis at the seed germination and seedling growth stages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 32-44.

图/表 6

图1 纳米铁引发对盐胁迫下中华羊茅种子发芽特性的影响不同小写字母表示同一引发时间不同引发浓度间在0.05水平上差异显著，*表示相同引发浓度下不同引发时间在0.05水平上差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level among different priming concentrations with the same priming time， and * indicates significant difference at the 0.05 level between different priming times under the same priming concentration.

Fig.1 Effect of nano-iron priming on the germination characteristics of F. sinensis seeds under salt stress

图2 生物炭结壳包衣对盐胁迫下中华羊茅种子发芽特性的影响不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著，下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level， the same below.

Fig.2 Effect of biochar encrusting on the germination characteristics of F. sinensis seeds under salt stress

图3 盐胁迫下纳米铁引发处理中华羊茅幼苗的多光谱成像及对酶促清除系统的影响nCDA图像中，蓝色越深代表幼苗活力越高，红色越深代表幼苗活力越低，下同In nCDA images， deeper shades of blue indicate higher seedling vigour， while deeper shades of red indicate lower seedling vigour， the same below.

Fig.3 Multispectral imaging of F. sinensis seedlings coated with nano-iron under salt stress and its effects on antioxidant enzyme system

图4 盐胁迫下生物炭结壳包衣处理中华羊茅幼苗的多光谱成像及对酶促清除系统的影响

Fig.4 Multispectral imaging of F. sinensis seedlings coated with biochar crusts under salt stress and its effects on antioxidant enzyme system

图5 盐胁迫下纳米铁引发与生物炭结壳包衣组合对中华羊茅种子发芽特性的影响Fe-BC： 100 mg·L-1纳米铁引发10 h与每5 g裸种子添加0.50 g生物炭的结壳包衣组合处理The F. sinensis seeds treated with a combination of 100 mg·L-1 nano-iron primed for 10 hours and 0.50 g of biochar added to every 5 g of bare seeds for encrusting.

Fig.5 Effect of nano-iron priming and biochar encrusting combination on the germination characteristics of F. sinensis seeds under salt stress

图6 盐胁迫下纳米铁引发与生物炭结壳包衣组合中华羊茅幼苗的多光谱成像及对酶促清除系统的影响

Fig.6 Multispectral imaging of F. sinensis seedlings and their effects on antioxidant enzyme system under salt stress using the combined treatment of nano-iron priming and biochar encrusting

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