草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 36-47.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025305
凡文帅(
), 王兴(
), 张祎, 张艺斐, 宋乃平, 杨新国, 李莹莹
收稿日期:2025-07-22
修回日期:2025-09-10
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
王兴
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: wx08@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Wen-shuai FAN(
), Xing WANG(
), Yi ZHANG, Yi-fei ZHANG, Nai-ping SONG, Xin-guo YANG, Ying-ying LI
Received:2025-07-22
Revised:2025-09-10
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Xing WANG
摘要:
荒漠草原区灌木植被的长期恢复与重建过程中,灌木形态和功能衰退问题逐渐凸显,这导致区域生态可持续恢复面临巨大挑战。理解区域尺度上灌木植被恢复效果和演变轨迹,并探讨其对恢复年限、降水量、年均温和土壤性质等环境要素的依赖性,是应对上述挑战的重要科学需求。以中国北方荒漠草原生态系统为研究对象,基于2000-2023年86篇中英文文献的Meta分析,整合64个独立试验的135条灌木形态和功能数据展开系统研究。结果表明:1)灌木根系生物量、冠幅和生殖枝数量恢复效应为50%~150%(P<0.05),但地上生物量的恢复效应较弱,为3%~15%(P>0.05)。2)随着恢复年限增加,灌木生物量恢复效应下降50%~70%(P<0.05);随着降水量增加,分枝数、冠幅和生殖枝数量的恢复效应上升了30%~50%(P>0.05);年均温升高导致灌木植被株高、生殖枝数量、分枝数和基径的恢复效应下降了20%~50%(P>0.05);相较于未退化的原生土壤生境,沙化退化生境显著促进灌木株高、基径和分枝数的恢复(P<0.05),但限制了地上生物量和冠幅的恢复(P>0.05)。3)上述灌木恢复效应对环境的依赖性特征存在多重阈值效应:降水量(240 mm,P>0.05)、年限(36年,P<0.05)和年均温(7.7 ℃,P<0.05)。阈值前后灌木整体恢复效益由正转变为负。综上,荒漠草原20多年的灌木植被恢复与重建过程中,灌木形态(分枝数、株高等)和功能(生物量)存在显著的衰退演变趋势;这种恢复正、负效应转变过程存在多重环境阈值;未来需要基于这些环境阈值区间,结合有利灌木恢复沙化生境,制定与环境高度相适宜的恢复和管理策略,以实现灌木植被的可持续恢复。
凡文帅, 王兴, 张祎, 张艺斐, 宋乃平, 杨新国, 李莹莹. 中国北方荒漠草原区灌木植被恢复效应及其对环境的依赖性[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 36-47.
Wen-shuai FAN, Xing WANG, Yi ZHANG, Yi-fei ZHANG, Nai-ping SONG, Xin-guo YANG, Ying-ying LI. Restoration effect of shrub vegetation and its dependence on the environment in a desert grassland area of northern China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 36-47.
图1 数据来源试验点位分布基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2023)2767和中国植被分布图(www.plantplus.cn)绘制,地图边界无修改。Based on the standard map service website of the Ministry of Natural Resources GS (2023) 2767, and the vegetation distribution map of China (www.plantplus.cn), with no modifications to the boundaries of the base map.
Fig.1 Distribution of experimental loci for data sources
指标 Indicator | 样本量 Sample size (N) | 失安全系数 Fail-safe coefficient (Nfs) | P值 P value | 显著性水平 Signifiance level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地上生物量Above-ground biomass | 18 | 823 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 分枝数Branches | 12 | 3660 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 根重Root biomass | 4 | 28724 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 基径Base diameter | 25 | 9969747 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 冠幅Crown width | 25 | 76220 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 生殖枝数Number of reproductive branches | 15 | 4076 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 株高Plant height | 36 | 19270 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
表1 文献偏倚性检验
Table 1 Literature bias test
指标 Indicator | 样本量 Sample size (N) | 失安全系数 Fail-safe coefficient (Nfs) | P值 P value | 显著性水平 Signifiance level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地上生物量Above-ground biomass | 18 | 823 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 分枝数Branches | 12 | 3660 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 根重Root biomass | 4 | 28724 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 基径Base diameter | 25 | 9969747 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 冠幅Crown width | 25 | 76220 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 生殖枝数Number of reproductive branches | 15 | 4076 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| 株高Plant height | 36 | 19270 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
图2 荒漠草原区灌木植被恢复总体效应横坐标表示恢复效应百分比;纵坐标表示不同灌木结构指标;线段表示95%恢复区间。Horizontal coordinates indicate the percentage of recovery effect, vertical coordinates indicate different shrub structural indexes, line segments indicate 95% recovery intervals. **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001.下同The same below.
Fig.2 Overall restoration effects of shrub vegetation in desert grassland areas
图3 荒漠草原区灌木恢复效应影响因素垂直线左侧红点表示恢复下限,蓝点表示恢复上限,P值表示不同外界环境组间差异是否显著。Red dots on the left side of the vertical line indicate the lower limit of recovery, blue dots indicate the upper limit of recovery, and P-value indicates whether the difference is significant or not among different external environment groups.
Fig.3 Influencing factors of shrub restoration effect in desert steppe area
图4 灌木植被恢复对环境依赖的阈值效应点的大小表示权重;阴影区域表示平均值95%置信区间;竖虚线分别表示年均降水量、恢复年限、年均温阈值;横虚线表示累积效应值。The size of the point indicates the weight, the shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval of the mean, vertical dashed lines denote mean annual precipitation levels, recovery years, and mean annual temperature thresholds respectively, and the horizontal dashed line indicates the cumulative effect value. *: P<0.05.
Fig.4 Threshold effects of environmental dependence on shrub vegetation restoration
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