草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 1-13.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025196
• 研究论文 •
李豫悦1(
), 魏浩男2, 马兴忠2, 姜海鑫1, 聂明鹤1, 周瑶1, 代成江3, 田小武4, 王国会1, 马红彬1(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-19
修回日期:2025-08-07
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-02-07
通讯作者:
马红彬
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Yu-yue LI1(
), Hao-nan WEI2, Xing-zhong MA2, Hai-xin JIANG1, Ming-he NIE1, Yao ZHOU1, Cheng-jiang DAI3, Xiao-wu TIAN4, Guo-hui WANG1, Hong-bin MA1(
)
Received:2025-05-19
Revised:2025-08-07
Online:2026-04-20
Published:2026-02-07
Contact:
Hong-bin MA
摘要:
土壤种子库对维持草地植物群落的稳定性、多样性和遗传性至关重要,研究放牧干扰对草地土壤种子库的影响对草地的科学管理具有重要意义。以宁夏砾质灰钙土荒漠草原和沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原为研究对象,通过野外轮牧试验和室内萌发试验,探讨了短期轮牧对土壤种子库特征的影响。结果表明:两种土壤质地的荒漠草原在轮牧下种子库种子密度无显著变化、但多年生植物种子比例增加,主要集中于0~5 cm土层中;相对于封育,轮牧下砾质灰钙土荒漠草原种子库种子Shannon指数提升、Simpson指数下降,而沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原轮牧下Margalef指数与Simpson指数上升,两种土壤质地草原的Pielou指数均无显著变化;种子库物种与地上植被物种相似性较低,其中沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原的相似性整体高于砾质灰钙土荒漠草原;砾质荒漠草原土壤种子库主要受土壤速效钾、pH的影响,而沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原种子库则受全磷、铵态氮的影响。研究认为,轮牧对干旱区荒漠草原土壤种子库的物种组成及密度影响显著,土壤质地和环境因子共同影响着土壤种子库的变化。
李豫悦, 魏浩男, 马兴忠, 姜海鑫, 聂明鹤, 周瑶, 代成江, 田小武, 王国会, 马红彬. 轮牧对荒漠草原土壤种子库特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(4): 1-13.
Yu-yue LI, Hao-nan WEI, Xing-zhong MA, Hai-xin JIANG, Ming-he NIE, Yao ZHOU, Cheng-jiang DAI, Xiao-wu TIAN, Guo-hui WANG, Hong-bin MA. Effects of rotational grazing on characteristics of the soil seed bank in desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 1-13.
草原类型 Grassland type | 土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg-1) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤砂粒含量 Soil sand content (%) | 地上生物量 Above ground biomass (g·m-2) | 植被盖度 Plant coverage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 砾质灰钙土荒漠草原GSDS | 11.93±1.42 | 1.61±0.03 | 55.35±3.21 | 55.99±7.49 | 53±4.84 |
| 沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原SLSDS | 3.23±0.67 | 0.77±0.02 | 37.31±2.89 | 69.93±5.88 | 57±3.42 |
表1 研究区草原植被和土壤基本情况
Table 1 Basic situation of grassland vegetation and soil in the study area
草原类型 Grassland type | 土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg-1) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤砂粒含量 Soil sand content (%) | 地上生物量 Above ground biomass (g·m-2) | 植被盖度 Plant coverage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 砾质灰钙土荒漠草原GSDS | 11.93±1.42 | 1.61±0.03 | 55.35±3.21 | 55.99±7.49 | 53±4.84 |
| 沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原SLSDS | 3.23±0.67 | 0.77±0.02 | 37.31±2.89 | 69.93±5.88 | 57±3.42 |
草原类型Grassland type | 处理 Treatment | 代号 Code mark | 小区面积 Plot area (hm2) | 小区数 No. of plots | 放牧羊只数No. of sheep | 放牧频率 Frequency of grazing | 轮牧周期 Rotational grazing cycle (d) | 放牧日期 The date of grazing | 牧草利用率 Pasture utilization ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSDS | FY | LCK | 110 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 不放牧No grazing | 0.00 |
| SG | LLM | 110 | 3 | 248 | 3 | 30 | 06-20-09-17,90 d | 65.23 | |
| SLSDS | FY | SCK | 180 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 不放牧No grazing | 0.00 |
| SG | SLM | 180 | 3 | 368 | 3 | 33 | 06-24-09-30,99 d | 52.10 |
表2 放牧试验设计
Table 2 Design of grazing experiment
草原类型Grassland type | 处理 Treatment | 代号 Code mark | 小区面积 Plot area (hm2) | 小区数 No. of plots | 放牧羊只数No. of sheep | 放牧频率 Frequency of grazing | 轮牧周期 Rotational grazing cycle (d) | 放牧日期 The date of grazing | 牧草利用率 Pasture utilization ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSDS | FY | LCK | 110 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 不放牧No grazing | 0.00 |
| SG | LLM | 110 | 3 | 248 | 3 | 30 | 06-20-09-17,90 d | 65.23 | |
| SLSDS | FY | SCK | 180 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 不放牧No grazing | 0.00 |
| SG | SLM | 180 | 3 | 368 | 3 | 33 | 06-24-09-30,99 d | 52.10 |
科名 Family name | 物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 砾质灰钙土荒漠草原GSDS | 沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原SLSDS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCK | LLM | SCK | SLM | |||
禾本科 Poaceae | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | A | - | - | 340±206a | 233±46a |
| 短花针茅S. breviflora | P | 367±170a | 150±50a | 480±117a | 364±31a | |
| 糙隐子草C. squarrosa | P | - | - | - | 267±125 | |
豆科 Leguminosae | 苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides | P | - | - | 160±80a | 133±45a |
| 猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla | S | 133±47 | - | - | 167±47 | |
苋科 Amaranthaceae | 猪毛菜Salsola collina | A | - | - | 667±249a | 194±100a |
| 刺沙蓬Salsola tragus | A | - | - | - | 110±70 | |
| 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | A | - | - | 725±497a | 300±100a | |
菊科 Asteraceae | 中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis | P | - | 130±56 | - | - |
| 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | P | 4200±2083a | 2000±374a | 340±250a | 306±67a | |
| 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | P | - | - | - | 133±40 |
| 石蒜科Amaryllidaceae | 细叶韭Allium tenuissimum | P | 400±82 | - | - | - |
| 紫草科Boraginaceae | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | A | - | - | 320±264 | - |
| 车前科Plantaginaceae | 细叶车前Plantago minuta | A | - | - | 217±24 | - |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | P | - | - | - | 400±82 |
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 冬青叶兔唇花Lagochilus ilicifolius | P | - | - | - | 117±62 |
| 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | A | - | 118±49 | - | - |
| 总计Total | 5218±2431a | 2280±480a | 3249±1687a | 2724±815a | ||
表3 不同土质荒漠草原短期轮牧时间下土壤种子库的组成及密度
Table 3 Composition and density of soil seed bank under short-term rotational grazing time in desert steppe with different soil types (No.·m-2)
科名 Family name | 物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 砾质灰钙土荒漠草原GSDS | 沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原SLSDS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCK | LLM | SCK | SLM | |||
禾本科 Poaceae | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | A | - | - | 340±206a | 233±46a |
| 短花针茅S. breviflora | P | 367±170a | 150±50a | 480±117a | 364±31a | |
| 糙隐子草C. squarrosa | P | - | - | - | 267±125 | |
豆科 Leguminosae | 苦豆子Sophora alopecuroides | P | - | - | 160±80a | 133±45a |
| 猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla | S | 133±47 | - | - | 167±47 | |
苋科 Amaranthaceae | 猪毛菜Salsola collina | A | - | - | 667±249a | 194±100a |
| 刺沙蓬Salsola tragus | A | - | - | - | 110±70 | |
| 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | A | - | - | 725±497a | 300±100a | |
菊科 Asteraceae | 中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis | P | - | 130±56 | - | - |
| 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | P | 4200±2083a | 2000±374a | 340±250a | 306±67a | |
| 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | P | - | - | - | 133±40 |
| 石蒜科Amaryllidaceae | 细叶韭Allium tenuissimum | P | 400±82 | - | - | - |
| 紫草科Boraginaceae | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | A | - | - | 320±264 | - |
| 车前科Plantaginaceae | 细叶车前Plantago minuta | A | - | - | 217±24 | - |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | P | - | - | - | 400±82 |
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 冬青叶兔唇花Lagochilus ilicifolius | P | - | - | - | 117±62 |
| 蒺藜科Zygophyllaceae | 蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | A | - | 118±49 | - | - |
| 总计Total | 5218±2431a | 2280±480a | 3249±1687a | 2724±815a | ||
图1 不同土质荒漠草原短期轮牧与封育处理下土壤种子库的垂直分布不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。The different small letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.1 Vertical distribution of soil seed bank under short-term rotational grazing and enclosure treatments in desert steppe with different soil types
图2 不同土质荒漠草原土壤种子库及地上植被多样性特征
Fig.2 Diversity characteristics of soil seed bank (SSB) and aboveground vegetation (AV) in desert steppe with different soil types
处理 Treatment | 地上植被物种数Species number of aboveground vegetation | 种子库物种数Species number of seed bank | 共有物种数Number of species by both | 地上植被优势种 Dominant species of aboveground vegetation | 种子库优势种 Seed bank dominant species | 相似性 指数 Similarity index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCK | 17 | 4 | 3 | 短花针茅S.breviflora | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | 0.29 |
| LLM | 13 | 4 | 1 | 短花针茅S.breviflora | 猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 0.12 |
| SCK | 11 | 7 | 4 | 猪毛菜S.collina、冰草A.cristatum | 短花针茅S.breviflora、虫实C.hyssopifolium | 0.44 |
| SLM | 20 | 15 | 6 | 猪毛菜S.collina | 短花针茅S.breviflora、猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 0.34 |
表4 不同土质荒漠草原土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性
Table 4 Similarity between soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in desert steppe with different soil types
处理 Treatment | 地上植被物种数Species number of aboveground vegetation | 种子库物种数Species number of seed bank | 共有物种数Number of species by both | 地上植被优势种 Dominant species of aboveground vegetation | 种子库优势种 Seed bank dominant species | 相似性 指数 Similarity index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCK | 17 | 4 | 3 | 短花针茅S.breviflora | 猪毛蒿A. scoparia | 0.29 |
| LLM | 13 | 4 | 1 | 短花针茅S.breviflora | 猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 0.12 |
| SCK | 11 | 7 | 4 | 猪毛菜S.collina、冰草A.cristatum | 短花针茅S.breviflora、虫实C.hyssopifolium | 0.44 |
| SLM | 20 | 15 | 6 | 猪毛菜S.collina | 短花针茅S.breviflora、猪毛蒿A.scoparia | 0.34 |
图3 不同土质荒漠草原土壤种子库组成与土壤理化性质的冗余分析A: 砾质灰钙土荒漠草原Gravelly sierozem desert steppe; B: 沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原Sandy loam sierozem desert steppe;SOC: 土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; TP: 全磷Total phosphorus; AK: 速效钾Available potassium; AN: 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen; AP: 速效磷Available phosphorus; EC: 电导率Electrical conductivity; 中华苦荬菜: I. chinensis; 短花针茅: S. breviflora; 猪毛蒿: A. scoparia;蒺藜: T. terrestris; 猫头刺: O. aciphylla;细叶韭: A. tenuissimum;猪毛菜: S. collina;虫实: C. hyssopifolium;苦豆子: S. alopecuroides;冬青叶兔唇花: L. ilicifolius;刺沙蓬: S. tragus; 狗尾草: S. viridis.下同The same below.
Fig.3 Redundancy analysis of soil seed bank composition and soil physical and chemical properties in desert steppe with different soil types
图4 不同土质荒漠草原土壤理化性质与土壤种子库组成的Pearson相关性*: P<0.05; 鹤虱: L. myosotis; 细叶车前: P. minuta; 二列委陵菜: P. bifurca; 糙隐子草: C. squarrosa.
Fig.4 Pearson correlation between soil physical-chemical properties and soil seed bank composition in desert steppe with different soil types
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