人工柠条灌丛密度对荒漠草原土壤养分空间分布的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将荒漠草原人工柠条灌丛按密度分为高密度(HD)、中密度(MD)和低密度(LD),水平方向分灌丛根围(RS)、冠缘(MS)和灌丛间(IS),垂直方向分0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm,60~80 cm,80~100 cm,以同一区域的荒漠草原为对照(CK),系统展开柠条灌丛密度对荒漠草原土壤养分空间分布的影响。结果表明:随柠条灌丛密度的增加,土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)、碱解氮(AN)含量逐渐增加,表层(0~10 cm)增幅最大,底层(80~100 cm)增幅最小,其中AP对柠条灌丛密度的敏感性最高;无论水平还是垂直方向均以HD柠条灌丛增加荒漠草原土壤养分效应最为显著。垂直方向柠条灌丛对TN、TP、AP、AN增加效应集中于表层以下,对SOC增加效应集中于20 cm土层以下,且增加效应随土层深度增加逐渐减弱;水平方向同层相比,以根围增加效应最为显著,灌缘、灌丛间次之,随土层深度该增加效应逐渐平稳或消失。综合表明:人工柠条灌丛能够增加荒漠草原土壤养分,以HD柠条灌丛根围表层(0~10 cm)增加效应最强,这种增加效应在垂直方向随土层深度增加逐渐减弱,水平方向则朝着远离根的方向减弱,虽然柠条灌丛对荒漠草原土壤养分的空间分布有增加效应,但并未影响到荒漠草原土壤养分的垂直分布格局。

Abstract:

This paper reports the results of an experiment undertaken to determine the effect of the density of planted Caragana shrubs on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in desert steppe. Study sites were planted with three densities of Caragana HD (high), MD (medium), LD (low) and the density of natural steppe was also determined. Soil samples have been taken from six soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm) and from the root of shrubs, the margin of shrubs and from the space between shrubs. The results show that total soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, alkali-hydro nitrogen and available phosphorus all increased with the density of Caragana. The largest increments occurred in the 0-10 cm soil layer and the lowest increments were found in the 80-100 cm layer. Available phosphorus demonstrated the highest sensitivity to Caragana, and high density planting was associated with the most significant improvements in soil nutrients in terms of both spatial depth and horizontal location. The most significant horizontal nutrient increases were located in the shrub root zones. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that Caragana can improve soil nutrients in desert steppe. This improvement increases with plant density but weakens with soil depth and horizontal distance from the root zone. Caragana plantings do not affect the vertical distribution of soil nutrients in desert steppe.

中图分类号:

S812.2

杨阳,刘秉儒,宋乃平,杨新国. 人工柠条灌丛密度对荒漠草原土壤养分空间分布的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 107-115.

YANG Yang,LIU Bing-ru,SONG Nai-ping,YANG Xin-guo. The effect of planted Caragana density on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 107-115.

参考文献

Reference: 

[1] Niu X W. Cultivation and utilization of peashrub[M]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Science Education Press, 1988.

[2] Zhang W, Hu Y G, Huang G H, et al. Soil microbial diversity of artificial peashrub plantation on North Loess Plateau of China[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2007, 47(5): 751-756. 

[3] Dhillion S S, Zak J C. Microbial dynamics in arid ecosystem desertification and the potential role of mycorrhizas[J]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1993, 66: 253-270. 

[4] Liu R T, Li X B, Xin M, et al. Response of the ground arthropod community to exclosure of desert steppe in semi-arid regions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 66-74. 

[5] Zhang L Z, Niu W, Niu Y, et al. Impact of Caragana Fabr. plantation on plant community and soil properities of saline-alkali wasteland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(9): 4693-4699. 

[6] Guo Z S, Shao M A. Dynamics of soil water supply and consumption in artificial Caragana shrub land[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(2): 119-123. 

[7] Liu R T, Yang X G, Chai Y Q, et al. Response of ground-dwelling arthropod guilds to reseeding and cutting in artificial Caragana korshinskii plantations in desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 78-84. 

[8] Liu R T, Yang X G, Song N P, et al. Soil properties following growing process of artificial forests(caragana microphylla) in desert steppe[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(4): 108-112. 

[9] Zhang Z S, Li X R, Zhang J G, et la. Root growth dynamics of caragana korshinskii using Minirhizotrons[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(3): 457-464. 

[10] Lu R K. Agricultural chemical analysis of soil[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000. 

[11] Bao S D. Agrochemical soil analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. 

[12] Han F P, Zheng J Y, Zhang X C. Plant root system distribution and its effect on soil nutrient on slope land converted from farmland in the Loess Plateau[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, (2): 50-55. 

[13] Guo Z S. Limit of vegetation rehabilitation for soil and water conservation in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau: A case study of artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom stand[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(4): 49-54. 

[14] Bi J Q, Du F, Liang Z S, er al. Research on root system of Caragana korshinskii at different site conditions in the hilly regions of Loess Plateau[J]. Forest Research, 2006, 19(2): 225-230. 

[15] Lu H B. The effect of restored Caragana korshinskii shrubwood on soil physicochemical properties in Loess area[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2013, 22(1): 47-49. 

[16] Shao X Q, Shen Y Y, Wang K. Effects of conservation tillage on the photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of summer sown Glucine max[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(6): 82-86. 

[17] Hu X W, Wang Y R, Wu Y P. Research progress on eco-physiological responses of desert grassland plants to drought conditions[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(3): 9-15. 

[18] An S S, Huang Y M. Study on the ameliorate benefits of Caragana korshinskii shrubwood to soil properties in Loess Hilly Area[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(1): 70-75. 

[19] Zhang C, Cheng B, Yang Z P, et al. Nutritional characteristics of Caragana jubata shrub and distribution patterns of soil nutrients in Luya Mountain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(12): 2287-2291. 

[20] Ren X, Chu G X, Song R Q, et al. Oasis in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin-Haloxylon desert transitional effects characteristic of "fertile islands"[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(1): 100-104. 

[21] Wang Z J, Jiang Q, Pan Z B, et al. Impact of different densities of artificial caragana intermedia forest on soil environmental quality in arid windy desert in Ningxia[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2012, 21(12): 153-157. 

[22] Qu W D, Chen Y M, Wang L L, et al. Dynamics of soil organic carbon in Caragana microphylla forest and its relationship with environment factors in loess hilly region[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 9(4): 72-77. 

[23] Hoffland E, Findenegg G R, Nelemans J A. Solubilization of rock phosphate by rapeⅡ. Local root exudation of organic acids as a response to P starvation[J]. Plant and Soil, 1989, 113(7): 161-165. 

参考文献：

[1] 牛西午. 柠条的栽培与利用[M]. 太原: 山西科学教育出版社, 1988.

[2] 张薇, 胡跃高, 黄国和, 等. 西北黄土高原柠条种植区土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 微生物学报, 2007, 47(5): 751-756. 

[3] Dhillion S S, Zak J C. Microbial dynamics in arid ecosystem-desertification and the potential role of mycorrhizas[J]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1993, 66: 253-270. 

[4] 刘任涛, 李学斌, 辛明, 等. 半干旱沙地草场地面节肢动物群落对封育措施的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 66-74. 

[5] 张丽珍, 牛伟, 牛宇, 等. 柠条对盐碱地植被组成及土壤特性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(9): 4693-4699. 

[6] 郭忠升, 邵明安. 人工柠条林地土壤水分补给和消耗动态变化规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(2): 119-123. 

[7] 刘任涛, 杨新国, 柴永青, 等. 荒漠草原区柠条林地地面节肢动物功能群对补播牧草和平茬措施的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 78-84. 

[8] 刘任涛, 杨新国, 宋乃平, 等. 荒漠草原区固沙人工柠条林生长过程中土壤性质演变规律[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(4): 108-112. 

[9] 张志山, 李新荣, 张景光, 等. 用Minirhizotrons观测柠条根系生长动态[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(3): 457-464. 

[10] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000. 

[11] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000. 

[12] 韩凤朋, 郑纪勇, 张兴昌. 黄土退耕坡地植物根系分布特征及其对土壤养分的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009， (2)： 50-55. 

[13] 郭忠升. 黄土高原半干旱区水土保持植被恢复限度——以人工柠条林为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009, 7(4): 49-54. 

[14] 毕建琦, 杜峰, 梁宗锁, 等. 黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下柠条根系研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19(2): 225-230. 

[15] 吕海波. 黄土高原退耕柠条林对土壤理化性质的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2013, 22(1): 47-49. 

[16] 邵新庆, 沈禹颖, 王堃. 水土保持耕作对夏种大豆光合, 蒸腾及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2006, 15(6): 82-86. 

[17] 胡小文, 王彦荣, 武艳培. 荒漠草原植物抗旱生理生态学研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(3): 9-15. 

[18] 安韶山，黄懿梅. 黄土丘陵区柠条林改善土壤作用的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(1): 70-75. 

[19] 张强，程滨，杨治平，等. 芦芽山鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛营养特征及土壤养分分布规律[J]. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(12): 2287-2291. 

[20] 任雪, 褚贵新, 宋日权, 等. 准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带梭梭“肥岛”效应特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(1): 100-104. 

[21] 王占军, 蒋齐, 潘占兵, 等. 宁夏干旱风沙区不同密度人工柠条林营建对土壤环境质量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(12): 153-157. 

[22] 曲卫东, 陈云明, 王琳琳, 等, 黄土丘陵区柠条人工林土壤有机碳动态及其影响因子[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(4): 72-77. 

[23] Hoffland E, Findenegg G R, Nelemans J A. Solubilization of rock phosphate by rapeⅡ. Local root exudation of organic acids as a response to P-starvation[J]. Plant and Soil, 1989, 113（7）: 161-165.