欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 219-227.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017233

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

草原灌丛化入侵:过程、机制和效应

王迎新, 陈先江, 娄珊宁, 胡安, 任劲飞, 胡俊奇, 张静, 侯扶江*   

  1. 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,农业部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州730020
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-10 修回日期:2017-09-28 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-05-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: cyhoufj@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王迎新(1990-),男,内蒙古克什克腾旗人,在读博士。E-mail: wangyx12@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    我国温带草原重点牧区草地资源退化状况与成因调查(2012FY111900),国家自然科学基金(31672472)和长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT_17R50)资助

Woody-plant encroachment in grasslands: a review of mechanisms and aftereffects

WANG Ying-xin, CHEN Xian-jiang, LOU Shan-ning, HU An, REN Jin-fei, HU Jun-qi, ZHANG Jing, HOU Fu-jiang*   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2017-05-10 Revised:2017-09-28 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-05-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: cyhoufj@lzu.edu.cn

摘要: 草原灌丛化已成为全球性问题,也是生态学、畜牧学研究的热点问题。紧扣草原灌丛化过程、发生机理及其生态学后效等关键问题,介绍了国内外的最新研究进展。灌木入侵途径包括有意识引进入侵和自然入侵2类,入侵过程分为传播到达、定居建群和扩散入侵3个阶段。放牧、火烧、温室气体增加,干旱以及降水格局改变等均可导致草本向木本的转化,且机制复杂,主要有影响草本,木本植物盖度、水分利用效率、化感作用等。木本植物入侵打破了草原生态系统的稳定,表现出沃岛效应,影响动植物的分布以及生态系统的功能和服务。阐明草原“草本-木本”群落演替机制,可为我国研究草原灌丛化和管理提供理论借鉴。

关键词: 草原灌丛化, 入侵机制, 气候变化, 放牧, 火烧

Abstract: Woody-plant encroachment in grasslands has been a much-studied topic in ecology and animal husbandry over the past few decades. This paper clarifes the causes and consequences of this encroachment by reviewing recent progress in the study of invasion stages, invasion mechanisms, the impacts of this encroachment on grassland ecosystems and their aftereffects. The means of woody-plant encroachment include both anthropophyte and natural invasion. In general, this encroachment divides into three stages: dispersal, colonizing and establishing and diffusing. The causes of encroachment have been identified as fire suppression, climate change, changes in nutrient availability and over grazing. These factors effect encroachment through changing plant coverage, soil water use efficiency and allelopathy. We conclude that woody-plant encroachment changes many interfaces in grassland ecosystems and influences the ecological and hydrological processes that lead to grassland degradation and desertification.

Key words: woody-plant encroachment, invasion mechanism, climate change, grazing, fire