气象因子对高原鼢鼠种群数量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019474

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高原鼢鼠是青藏高原地区主要的啮齿动物种类之一,了解其种群数量与气象因子的关系对高原鼢鼠种群消长规律及生物多样性的维持具有重要意义。2013-2016年对高原鼢鼠种群密度进行了研究,利用Pearson相关分析以及典范对应分析对高原鼢鼠种群密度以及扰动区草地生物量与7个气象因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,高原鼢鼠种群密度及草地生物量总体呈下降趋势,且高原鼢鼠种群密度与双子叶植物生物量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。温度和降水量对高原鼢鼠种群数量以及生物量有较大影响,其中年平均气温和年平均最低气温与高原鼢鼠种群密度显著相关(P<0.05),另外,高原鼢鼠种群密度与日照时数关系密切。气象因子主要通过对高原鼢鼠食物的影响而对其产生间接影响。

关键词: 高原鼢鼠, 生物量, 气候变化, 典范对应分析

Abstract: The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is one of the main rodent species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Understanding the impact of meteorological factors on the growth and decline of the plateau zokor population is of high relevance to managing the maintenance of biodiversity. The population density of the plateau zokor was studied from 2013 to 2016. Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to study the population density of the plateau zokor and the correlation between the grassland biomass and seven meteorological factors in the disturbance zone. It was found that the population density and grassland biomass of the plateau zokor showed a downward trend over the study period, and the density of plateau zokor was significantly positively correlated with the biomass of dicotyledons (P<0.05). The temperature and precipitation strongly influenced the population and biomass of the plateau zokor. The annual mean temperature and the annual mean minimum temperature were significantly correlated with the population density of the plateau zokor (P<0.05). In addition, the population density of the plateau zokor and sunshine hours are closely related. Meteorological factors have an indirect effect on the food supply of plateau zokor.

Key words: plateau zokor, biomass, climate change, canonical correspondence analysis

郭强, 王玉琴, 鲍根生, 王宏生. 气象因子对高原鼢鼠种群数量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(8): 188-194.

GUO Qiang, WANG Yu-qin, BAO Gen-sheng, WANG Hong-sheng. Effect of meteorological factors on the population of plateau zokor[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(8): 188-194.

参考文献

[1] Zhang Y M, Liu J K.Effects of plateau zokors (Myospalax fontanierii) on plant community and soil in an alpine meadow. Journal of Mammalogy, 2003, 84(2): 644-651.
[2] Hu L, Ade L J, Zi H B, et al. Effects of plateau zokor disturbance and restoration years on soil nutrients and microbial functional diversity in alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(9): 2794-2802.
胡雷, 阿的鲁骥, 字洪标, 等. 高原鼢鼠扰动及恢复年限对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物功能多样性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(9): 2794-2802.
[3] Wilkinson M T, Richards P J, Humphreys G S.Breaking ground: Pedological, geological, and ecological implications of soil bioturbation. Earth-Science Reviews, 2009, 97(1/4): 257-272.
[4] Wang Q Y, Fan N C.Studies on the digging activities and exploration about the method of number estimation of plateau zokor. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 1987, 7(4): 283-290.
王权业, 樊乃昌. 高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的挖掘活动及其种群数量统计方法的探讨. 兽类学报, 1987, 7(4): 283-290.
[5] Zhang W G, Jiang X L, Wang S M,et al. Effects of mound-building activity of zokor(Myospalax baileyi) and different regimes of grazing-prohibited on vegetation productivity. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2004, 24(10): 1882-1887.
张卫国, 江小蕾, 王树茂, 等. 鼢鼠的造丘活动及不同休牧方式对草地植被生产力的影响. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(10): 1882-1887.
[6] Zhou J W, Hua L M, Zuo S T, et al. Research progress in habitat selection of plateau zokor. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(4): 647-653.
周建伟, 花立民, 左松涛, 等. 高原鼢鼠栖息地的选择. 草业科学, 2013, 30(4): 647-653.
[7] Sun R Y.Principle of animal ecology. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2006: 218-219.
孙儒泳. 动物生态学原理. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2006: 218-219.
[8] Huang B, Wei W R, Zhang L F, et al. Impact of environmental conditions on rodent population. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(6): 949-953.
黄彬, 卫万荣, 张灵菲, 等. 环境条件对啮齿动物种群的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(6): 949-953.
[9] Cui Q H, Jiang Z G, Lian X M, et al. Factors influencing habitat selection of root voles (Microtus oeconomus). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2005, 25(1): 45-51.
崔庆虎, 蒋志刚, 连新明, 等. 根田鼠栖息地选择的影响因素. 兽类学报, 2005, 25(1): 45-51.
[10] Zhou Y S, Hua L M, Chu B, et al. The relationship between biological characteristics of plateau zokor and environmental factors during pregnancy period. Grassland and Turf, 2016, 36(6): 16-22.
周延山, 花立民, 楚彬, 等. 怀孕期高原鼢鼠生物学特征与环境因子的关系分析. 草原与草坪, 2016, 36(6): 16-22.
[11] Myers P, Lundrigan B, Hoffman S M G, et al. Climate-induced changes in the small mammal communities of the Northern Great Lakes Region. Global Change Biology, 2009, 15(6): 1434-1454.
[12] Deitloff J, Falcy M R, Krenz J D, et al. Correlating small mammal abundance to climatic variation over twenty years. Journal of Mammalogy, 2010, 91(1): 193-199.
[13] Ernest S K M, Brown J H, Parmenter R R. Rodent, plant and precipitation: Spatial and temporal dynamics of consumers and resource. Oikos, 2000, 88(3): 470-482.
[14] Zhang W G, Ding L S, Han T H.Effect of Precipitation on the variation of Ochotona curzoniae population. Pratacultural Science, 1999, 16(6): 20-22, 25.
张卫国, 丁连生, 韩天虎. 降水对高原鼠兔种群消长的影响. 草业科学, 1999, 16(6): 20-22, 25.
[15] Bao J J, Wu X D, Fu H P, et al. The grey correlative degree analysis of rodent population number and annual precipitation. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(4): 642-647.
包俊江, 武晓东, 付和平, 等. 啮齿动物种群数量与年降水量的灰色关联度分析. 草业科学, 2011, 28(4): 642-647.
[16] Kausrud K L, Mysterud A, Steen H, et al. Linking climate change to lemming cycles. Nature, 2008, 456: 93-97.
[17] Wu X D, Yuan S, Fu H P, et al. Responses of dominant rodentspecies to climate change in different disturbed habitats in the Alashan desert. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(6): 1765-1773.
武晓东, 袁帅, 付和平, 等. 不同干扰下阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物优势种对气候变化的响应. 生态学报, 2016, 36(6): 1765-1773.
[18] Wu J G.The Advances of the study on effects of climate change on the terrestrial biodiversity. Engineering Sciences, 2008, 10(7): 60-68.
吴建国. 气候变化对陆地生物多样性影响研究的若干进展. 中国工程科学, 2008, 10(7): 60-68.
[19] Liu L, Hua L M, Yang S W, et al. The habitat selection of plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) under grazing disturbance. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2015, 50(5): 725-734.
刘丽, 花立民, 杨思维, 等. 放牧干扰下高原鼢鼠栖息地选择因素. 动物学杂志, 2015, 50(5): 725-734.
[20] He J L, Zhang J S, Yang Y B, et al. The study of patterns and characteristics of plateau zokor mound. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(1): 107-112.
何俊龄, 张金沙, 杨莹博, 等. 高原鼢鼠土丘空间格局及主要特征研究. 草业学报, 2006, 15(1): 107-112.
[21] Wang Y Q, Bao G S, Song M L, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on community structure and nutritional quality in degraded grassland of Stellera chamaejasme under two different measures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(12): 177-186.
王玉琴, 鲍根生, 宋梅玲, 等. 两种措施下施氮肥对狼毒型退化草地群落及营养品质的影响. 草业学报, 2018, 27(12): 177-186.
[22] Turchin P, Batzli G O.Availability of food and the population dynamics of arvicoline rodents. Ecology, 2001, 82(6): 1521-1534.
[23] Bian J H, Fan N C, Jing Z C, et al. Studies on the successive relation between small mammal community and plant community in alpine meadow. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 1994, 14(3): 209-216.
边疆晖, 樊乃昌, 景增春, 等. 高寒草甸地区小哺乳动物群落与植物群落演替关系的研究. 兽类学报, 1994, 14(3): 209-216.
[24] Zhang J, Ge Q Z, Zhang W G, et al. Correlations between vegetation properties and fitness of plateau zokor habitat. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(5): 836-840.
张军, 葛庆征, 张卫国, 等. 植被性状与高原鼢鼠栖息地适合度的关系. 草业科学, 2011, 28(5): 836-840.
[25] Pang X P, Wang Q, Jia T T, et al. Effect of burrow entrance densities of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on interspecific association in Kobresia pygmaea meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(5): 224-230.
庞晓攀, 王倩, 贾婷婷, 等. 高原鼠兔有效洞口数密度对高山嵩草草甸植物种间联结性的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 224-230.
[26] Wang Q Y, Zhang Y M, Wei W H, et al. Food habit of the plateau zokor. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2000, 20(3): 193-198.
王权业, 张堰铭, 魏万红, 等. 高原鼢鼠食性的研究. 兽类学报, 2000, 20(3): 193-198.
[27] Zhang Y M.Effect of plateau zokor on characters and succession of plant communities in alpine meadow. Zoological Research, 1999, 20(6): 435-440.
张堰铭. 高原鼢鼠对高寒草甸群落特征及演替的影响. 动物学研究, 1999, 20(6): 435-440.
[28] Chu B, Ma S J, Zhou Y S, et al. Relationship between the spatial distribution of the mounds of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and environmental factors in eastern Qilian Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(3): 964-974.
楚彬, 马素洁, 周延山, 等. 祁连山东段高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)土丘空间分布格局及其与环境因子的空间关联性. 生态学报, 2018, 38(3): 964-974.
[29] Sun P, Zhao X Q, Xu S X, et al. Changes after snow of the population characteristics of root vole (Microtus oeconomus) in Haibei alpine meadow. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2002, 22(4): 318-320.
孙平, 赵新全, 徐世晓, 等. 雪后海北高寒草甸地区根田鼠种群特征的变化. 兽类学报, 2002, 22(4): 318-320.
[30] Xu J H, Wang S, Xue H L, et al. Influence of temperature on the energy metabolism and open field behavior of Cricetulus barabensis. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2014, 49(2): 154-161.
徐金会, 王硕, 薛慧良, 等. 温度对黑线仓鼠能量代谢及开场行为的影响. 动物学杂志, 2014, 49(2): 154-161.
[31] Zhang L, Fang J M, Sun R Y.Influence of photoperiod on conspecific odor preferences of adult male brandt’s vole (Microtus brandti). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2004, 24(4): 304-310.
张立, 房继明, 孙儒泳. 光周期对雄性布氏田鼠种内个体气味辨别的影响. 兽类学报, 2004, 24(4): 304-310.
[32] Liao L F, Li W.Effects of temperatures and light dark cycles on propagation of Meriones meridianus and Cricetulus migratorius. Shanghai Laboratory Animal Science, 1999, 19(2): 87-89.
廖力夫, 黎唯. 室温与光照对子午沙鼠和灰仓鼠繁殖的影响. 上海实验动物科学, 1999, 19(2): 87-89.