施肥与切根对退化羊草草原土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018113

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从培肥草地土壤肥力的角度,研究了施肥(低氮、高氮、磷、低氮磷、高氮磷)和切根对退化羊草草原土壤理化性质、酶活性的影响,为评价监测研究区农业措施提供科学依据。结果表明:1)施肥和切根对草地土壤有机碳、全磷、C/N、电导率和pH无显著影响,切根处理使土壤全氮含量减少了14.5%。2)切根处理草地的土壤酶活性均高于施肥处理,且脲酶对农业措施的响应更敏感,变化范围为0.82~2.26 mg $NH_{4}^{+}$ ·g^-1·3 h^-1。3)土壤有机碳与全氮、C/N、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效氮之间存在正相关关系,与全磷、电导率、pH、土壤酶活性之间存在负相关关系。因此,施肥和切根可在短期内提高退化羊草草原土壤中的有效养分含量,切根有利于土壤酶活性的提高,从而对草地养分的转化产生潜在的促进作用。

关键词: 退化羊草草原, 施肥, 切根, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: To improve the soil fertility of degraded Leymus chinensis steppe, influences of fertilization and root cutting on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were studied. Key results were: 1) Soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, C/N, electrical conductivity and pH were not affected by fertilization and root cutting, but soil total nitrogen was reduced 14.5% by root cutting. 2) Grassland where root cutting was performed had higher soil enzymatic activity than fertilized grassland, and soil urease activity was responsive to agricultural practices, ranging from 0.82-2.26 mg $NH_{4}^{+}$ ·g^-1 ·3 h^-1. 3) Soil organic carbon level was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, C∶N ratio, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available nitrogen, but was negatively correlated with total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH and enzymatic activities. Hence, fertilization and root cutting improved soil available nutrients in degraded L. chinensis steppe, and root cutting provided an additional benefit of increased soil enzymatic activities, which may also contribute to the increase in soil nutrient transformation.

Key words: degraded Leymus chinensis steppe, fertilization, root cutting, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzymatic activities

秦燕, 刘文辉, 何峰, 仝宗永, 李向林. 施肥与切根对退化羊草草原土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 5-14.

QIN Yan, LIU Wen-hui, HE Feng, TONG Zong-yong, LI Xiang-lin. Influence of fertilization and root cutting on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in a degraded Leymus chinensis steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(1): 5-14.

参考文献

[1] Ding W Q, Li P, Yin Y T, et al. Vulnerability of herder households under the framework of sustainable livelihoods in the grassland of Northern China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(8): 1-11.
丁文强, 李平, 尹燕亭, 等. 可持续生计视角下中国北方草原区牧户脆弱性评价研究. 草业学报, 2017, 26(8): 1-11.
[2] Cheng J M, Jia H Y.Biomass structure of fertilized grassland communities. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1997, 6(2): 22-27.
程积民, 贾恒义. 施肥草地群落生物量结构的研究. 草业学报, 1997, 6(2): 22-27.
[3] Lu X J, Li R, Zhang K B.Analysis on stability of plant community under different measures of desertification control in Yanchi County, Ningxia. Science of Soil & Water Conservation, 2008, 6(2): 100-106.
卢晓杰, 李瑞, 张克斌. 宁夏盐池县不同荒漠化治理措施植物群落稳定性分析. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(2): 100-106.
[4] Ge Q Z, Wei B, Zhang L F, et al. Influence of restoration measures on plant community in alpine meadow. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(10): 1517-1520.
葛庆征, 魏斌, 张灵菲, 等. 草地恢复措施对高寒草甸植物群落的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(10): 1517-1520.
[5] Chen M, Bao Y T G T, Meng H J, et al. Study on fertilizers application to artificial grasslands. Grassland of China, 2000, 22(1): 20-25.
陈敏, 宝音陶格涛, 孟慧君, 等. 人工草地施肥试验研究. 中国草地, 2000, 22(1): 20-25.
[6] Gan Z Z B, Duan M J, Guo Y Q, et al. Effects of irrigation on alpine grassland northern Tibet. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(22): 7485-7493.
干珠扎布, 段敏杰, 郭亚奇, 等. 喷灌对藏北高寒草地生产力和物种多样性的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(22): 7485-7493.
[7] Pathak K, Nath A J, Sileshi G W, et al. Annual burning enhances biomass production and nutrient cycling in degraded imperata grasslands. Land Degradation & Development, 2017, 28(5): 1763-1771.
[8] Li B Y, Wang J F, Zhao S J, et al. The influence of fertilizers on the soil fertility, population structure and yield of herbages grown in degraded grassland. Grassland of China, 2004, 26(1): 14-17.
李本银, 汪金舫, 赵世杰, 等. 施肥对退化草地土壤肥力、牧草群落结构及生物量的影响. 中国草地, 2004, 26(1): 14-17.
[9] Han F, Li Y K, Zhou H K, et al. Effect of managerial measures on changes of soil enzyme and soil fertility in "black soil bleach" degraded grassland. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(3): 1-8.
韩发, 李以康, 周华坤, 等. 管理措施对三江源区“黑土滩”土壤肥力及土壤酶活性的影响. 草业学报, 2007, 16(3): 1-8.
[10] Wang R, Dorodnikov M, Yang S, et al. Responses of enzymatic activities within soil aggregates to 9-year nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015, 81(6): 159-167.
[11] Wendu R L, Li G, Zhang J N, et al. The study of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity on different grassland in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
文都日乐, 李刚, 张静妮, 等. 呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 94-102.
[12] Qin Y, Niu D C, Kang J, et al. Characteristics of soil enzyme activities in different grasslands in the western slope of the Helan Mountain, China. Arid Zone Research, 2012, 29(5): 870-877.
秦燕, 牛得草, 康健, 等. 贺兰山西坡不同类型草地土壤酶活性特征. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(5): 870-877.
[13] Cenini V L.Linkages between extracellular enzyme activities and the carbon and nitrogen content of grassland soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2016, 96: 198-206.
[14] Tscherko D, Kandeler E.Classification and monitoring of soil microbial biomass, N-mineralization and enzyme activities to indicate environmental changes. Bodenkultur, 1999, 50(4): 47-55.
[15] Sardans J, PeñUelas J, Estiarte M. Changes in soil enzymes related to C and N cycle and in soil C and N content under prolonged warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland. Applied Soil Ecology, 2008, 39(2): 223-235.
[16] Steinweg J M, Dukes J S, Paul E A, et al. Microbial responses to multi-factor climate change: Effects on soil enzymes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2013, 4: 146.
[17] Badiane N N Y, Chotte J L, Pate E, et al. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions. Applied Soil Ecology, 2001, 18(3): 229-238.
[18] Nahidan S, Nourbakhsh F, Mosaddeghi M R.Variation of soil microbial biomass C and hydrolytic enzyme activities in a rangeland ecosystem: Are slope aspect and position effective? Archives of Agronomy & Soil Science, 2015, 61(6): 797-811.
[19] Zong N, Shi P L, Niu B, et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization on community structure and productivity of degraded alpine meadows in northern Tibet, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(12): 3458-3468.
宗宁, 石培礼, 牛犇, 等. 氮磷配施对藏北退化高寒草甸群落结构和生产力的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(12): 3458-3468.
[20] He L Y, Hu Z M, Guo Q, et al. Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the aboveground biomass in Inner Mongolia temperate steppe, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(8): 657-666.
何利元, 胡中民, 郭群, 等. 氮磷添加对内蒙古温带草地地上生物量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(8): 657-666.
[21] You Y, Wang D, Liu J.A device for mechanical remediation of degraded grasslands. Soil & Tillage Research, 2012, 118(5): 1-10.
[22] Poeplau C, Marstorp H, Thored K, et al. Effect of grassland cutting frequency on soil carbon storage-a case study on public lawns in three Swedish cities. Soil Discussion, 2016, 2(2): 1-23.
[23] Dong Q.Effects of root cutting and fertilization on Leymus chinensis grassland. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2016.
董祺. 切根与施肥对羊草草甸草原作用效果研究. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2016.
[24] Huo Y S.Effects of different measures for improving degraded grassland on the soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization in steppe of Inner Mongolia. Hohht: Inner Mongolia University, 2016.
霍艳双. 不同改良措施对退化羊草草原土壤碳、氮矿化的影响. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2016.
[25] He D.Study on effects of improved measures on vegetation and soil of grassland. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2009.
何丹. 改良措施对天然草原植被及土壤的影响. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2009.
[26] He M, Dijkstra F A.Phosphorus addition enhances loss of nitrogen in a phosphorus-poor soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2015, 82: 99-106.
[27] Guo F H.The Study of adaptation ability and strategy of three types of plants in grassland in low-phosphorus environment. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.
郭丰辉. 天然草原三种类型植物对低磷环境的适应能力及适应策略研究. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017.
[28] Ren F, Yang X, Zhou H, et al. Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil respiration in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 39895.
[29] Guan S Y.Soil enzyme and its research methods. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986.
关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986.
[30] Zhao L P, Jiang Y.Study on determination method of soil phosphatase activity. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 1986, 3(13): 138-141.
赵兰坡, 姜岩. 土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨. 土壤通报, 1986, 3(13): 138-141.
[31] Li W, Cao W X, Wei W, et al. Effects of grassland cultivation measures on plant diversity and productivity in the Alpine Meadow-Steppe. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(3): 457-462.
李文, 曹文侠, 魏巍, 等. 培育措施对高寒草甸草原植物多样性和生产力的影响. 草地学报, 2015, 23(3): 457-462.
[32] Qin Y, He F, Tong Z Y, et al. Influence of fertilizer use on nitrogen transformation in soils of the Leymus chinensis steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(10): 48-55.
秦燕, 何峰, 仝宗永, 等. 施肥对羊草草原土壤氮素转化的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(10): 48-55.
[33] Rowe E C, Healey J R, Edwards-Jones G, et al. Fertilizer application during primary succession changes the structure of plant and herbivore communities. Biological Conservation, 2006, 131(4): 510-522.
[34] Tiritan C S, Büll L T, Crusciol C A C, et al. Tillage system and lime application in a tropical region: Soil chemical fertility and corn yield in succession to degraded pastures. Soil & Tillage Research, 2016, 155: 437-447.
[35] Huang J, Wang G F, An S Z, et al. Effects of N application on vegetative structures, biomass and soil fertility in degraded meadows. Pratacultural Science, 2009, 26(3): 75-78.
黄军, 王高峰, 安沙舟, 等. 施氮对退化草甸植被结构和生物量及土壤肥力的影响. 草业科学, 2009, 26(3): 75-78.
[36] Jing M L, Ma Y S, Li S X, et al. The influences of different nitrogen rates on degraded alpine meadow in the upstream of Datong River. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(3): 518-523.
景美玲, 马玉寿, 李世雄, 等. 氮肥对大通河上游退化草地的影响. 草地学报, 2016, 24(3): 518-523.
[37] Wang C, She H Z, Liu X B, et al. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao1. Photosynthetica, 2016, 55(1): 1-8.
[38] Ma B, Zheng Z.Relationship between plant nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations in a canola crop as affected by nitrogen management under ample phosphorus supply conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2016, 96(5): 853-866.
[39] Ji M M, Peng L, Wen Z, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization characteristics of apple rootstocks under different phosphorus levels. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(4): 1016-1021.
季萌萌, 彭玲, 文炤, 等. 供磷水平对苹果砧木氮、磷吸收和利用特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 1016-1021.
[40] Han J G.Grassland science. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007.
韩建国. 草地学. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2007.
[41] Vellinga T V, Dasselaar P V, Kuikman P J.The impact of grassland ploughing on CO₂, and N₂O emissions in the Netherlands. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 70(1): 33-45.
[42] Necpálová M, Casey I, Humphreys J.Effect of ploughing and reseeding of permanent grassland on soil N, N leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from a clay-loam soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2013, 95(3): 305-317.
[43] Skiba U, Wainwright M.Urea hydrolysis and transformations in coastal dune sands and soil. Plant & Soil, 1984, 82(1): 117-123.
[44] Dong Y, Wang Z Y.Conversion of urea in soil and its plant use efficiency. Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer, 2005, 20(2): 76-78.
董燕, 王正银. 尿素在土壤中的转化与植物利用效率. 磷肥与复肥, 2005, 20(2): 76-78.
[45] Li M, Zhang E P, Zhang S H, et al. Comparison of soil enzyme activities and microbial C metabolism in installed vegetable fields under long-term different fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition & Fertilizer, 2017, 23(1): 44-53.
李猛, 张恩平, 张淑红, 等. 长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 44-53.
[46] Yan Y C, Wang X, Li L Z, et al. The Influence of short-term tillage on soil respiration in grassland. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2010, 32(1): 75-78.
闫玉春, 王旭, 李林芝, 等. 翻耕短期内对草原土壤呼吸的影响. 中国草地学报, 2010, 32(1): 75-78.