同/异型发酵乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮营养成分和瘤胃降解特征的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018354

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新饲玉10号全株青贮玉米为研究材料,旨在探究同/异型发酵乳酸菌对其主要营养成分和瘤胃降解率特征的影响。采用真空袋法调制青贮,共设计4个发酵处理,分别为不添加任何菌剂(CK);复合同型发酵乳酸菌植物乳杆菌+戊糖片球菌(T),添加量为1:1,1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1;异型发酵乳酸菌布氏乳杆菌(Y),添加量为1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1;复合同、异型发酵乳酸菌(TY),添加量为1:1:1,1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1。通过对模拟开窖60 d主要营养成分和绵羊瘤胃降解特征参数的分析。结果表明:干物质(DM)、中/酸性洗涤纤维(N/ADF)、可溶性碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量最优均为Y处理,粗蛋白和淀粉含量各试验处理均极显著高于CK处理(P<0.01),粗灰分含量最高为CK处理。DM和NDF有效降解率按高低排序均为T和Y处理>CK和TY处理(P<0.01)。有机物(OM)有效降解率最高为Y处理(P=0.003)。各处理ADF有效降解率间差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明玉米青贮中Y处理可显著增加开窖60 d时各营养成分含量(粗灰分除外),且显著提高DM和OM有效降解率,TY处理可显著提高NDF有效降解率。综合营养成分和有效降解率12项指标进行隶属函数评价,各处理按优劣排序为:Y处理>T处理>TY处理>CK处理。

关键词: 玉米青贮, 乳酸菌, 发酵, 营养品质, 瘤胃降解率

Abstract: In this study, whole plant maize silage (cv. ‘Xingsiyu No.10’) was sealed in vacuum bags, with the addition of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to aid fermentation. Treatments were: CK, untreated maize silage with no inoculant applied; T, maize silage treated with Lactobacillus plantarum+Pediococcus acidilactici at 1:1, 1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1; Y, maize silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri at 1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1; TY, maize silage treated with combined Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus buchneri 1:1:1, 1×10⁵ cfu·g^-1. The purpose was to explore the effect of homo- and heterofermentative LAB on nutritional quality and ruminant actual utilization efficiency of maize silage. The silage nutritional quality and digestibility in the rumen was tested by feeding to sheep after 60 days of fermentation. Treatment-Y was highest for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), water soluble carbohydrates and ether extract levels. Maize silage treated with LAB had higher (P<0.01) crude protein and starch than the untreated CK silage. The untreated maize silage had the highest crude ash content. The comparative effective degradation (ED) in the sheep rumen for DM and NDF was T and Y>CK and TY (P<0.01). Treatment Y also had the highest ED in-rumen for organic matter (OM) (P=0.003). There was no significant difference between treatments in ED of ADF (P>0.05). In conclusion, treatment-Y significantly improved the nutrient content of maize silage (except for crude ash), as well as the ED in the sheep rumen of DM and OM. Treatment-TY significantly improved ED in the sheep rumen of NDF. The overall nutritive value of the 4 maize silage treatments ranked Y>T>TY>CK, as determined by membership function analysis of 12 measures of nutritional quality and ED.

Key words: corn silage, lactic acid bacteria, fermentation, nutritional quality, ruminal degradability

李菲菲, 张凡凡, 王旭哲, 苗芳, 马春晖. 同/异型发酵乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮营养成分和瘤胃降解特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(6): 128-136.

LI Fei-fei, ZHANG Fan-fan, WANG Xu-zhe, MIAO Fang, MA Chun-hui. Effects of homo-and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on the nutritional quality and ruminal degradation rate of the whole plant maize silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 128-136.

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