不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢、血液生理生化指标和激素的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019556

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究不同消化能和粗蛋白质水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响,为进一步探讨泌乳前期伊犁马消化能、粗蛋白质水平的营养需要量提供参考依据。选取分娩后7 d内的伊犁母马25匹,根据体重随机分成5组,每组5个重复。第1泌乳月消化能、粗蛋白质水平分别为101.41 MJ·d^-1、1.38 kg·d^-1(Ⅰ组),112.05 MJ·d^-1、1.50 kg·d^-1(Ⅱ组),122.40 MJ·d^-1、1.63 kg·d^-1(Ⅲ组),133.27 MJ·d^-1、1.75 kg·d^-1(Ⅳ组),143.84 MJ·d^-1、1.87 kg·d^-1(Ⅴ组);第2泌乳月消化能、粗蛋白质水平分别为129.73 MJ·d^-1、1.82 kg·d^-1(Ⅰ组),140.37 MJ·d^-1、1.94 kg·d^-1(Ⅱ组),150.72 MJ·d^-1、2.07 kg·d^-1(Ⅲ组),161.60 MJ·d^-1、2.19 kg·d^-1(Ⅳ组),172.17 MJ·d^-1、2.31 kg·d^-1(Ⅴ组)。试验期为60 d,一个试验周期30 d。每个试验周期末采集粪便和尿液用于测定营养物质消化和代谢;采集血液用于测定氮、脂代谢指标以及生长、代谢相关激素浓度。结果显示:饲喂不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马各饲粮组的体重、平均日增重以及干物质、有机物、总能、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白质、磷等营养物质的表观消化率和可消化能、可消化氮、磷代谢利用率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。钙表观消化率随着饲粮中消化能、粗蛋白质水平的升高饲粮Ⅴ组比饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组显著提高14.14%、27.08%和24.13% (P<0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组比饲粮Ⅲ、Ⅳ组显著提高21.91%和19.09% (P<0.05)。饲粮Ⅴ组钙的沉积率比饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组显著提高33.56%、54.79%和26.46% (P<0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组比饲粮Ⅲ组显著提高36.02% (P<0.05)。钙利用率饲粮Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组分别比饲粮Ⅲ组显著提高23.24%、27.67%和34.16% (P<0.05)。不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平对血浆中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、游离脂肪酸、肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、血浆白蛋白、尿素氮水平以及雌酮、雌二醇、垂体泌乳素、黄体酮等生殖激素以及三碘甲状腺原氨酸、生长激素、胰岛素水平等生长代谢类激素无显著影响(P>0.05),饲粮Ⅱ组甲状腺素水平较饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组提高34.83%、26.57%、30.36%、34.39% (P<0.05)。由此可见,第1泌乳月和第2泌乳月,消化能饲喂水平分别为112.05和140.37 MJ·d^-1,粗蛋白质饲喂水平分别为1.50和1.94 kg·d^-1时,能够满足伊犁母马泌乳前期的需要量,有助于提高饲粮钙的消化和代谢和甲状腺素的含量。

关键词: 伊犁母马, 泌乳前期, 消化能, 粗蛋白质, 消化代谢, 血液生理生化指标, 激素

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of dietary digestible energy and crude protein on nutrient digestion and metabolism, and plasma physiological and biochemical parameters and hormones during early lactation of Yili mares, in order to provide reference information on the nutritional requirements, particularly digestible energy and crude protein, of the mares. A total of 25 Yili mares within 7 days after parturition were selected and divided into 5 groups (Groups Ⅰ-Ⅴ) using a stratified random procedure according to their body weight, with 5 animals (replicates) in each group. In the first month of lactation, dietary digestible energy and crude protein levels of the five groups were: 101.41 MJ·d^-1 and 1.38 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅰ), 112.05 MJ·d^-1 and 1.50 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅱ), 122.40 MJ·d^-1 and 1.63 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅲ), 133.27 MJ·d^-1 and 1.75 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅳ), and 143.84 MJ·d^-1 and 1.87 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅴ). In the second month of lactation, dietary digestible energy and crude protein levels were 129.73 MJ·d^-1 and 1.82 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅰ), 140.37 MJ·d^-1 and 1.94 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅱ), 150.72 MJ·d^-1 and 2.07 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅲ), 161.60 MJ·d^-1 and 2.19 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅳ), and 172.17 MJ·d^-1 and 2.31 kg·d^-1 (Group Ⅴ). The trial lasted for 60 days, with two test cycles of 30 days. At the end of each test cycle, feces and urine were collected to determine feed digestion and metabolism of nutrients and blood was collected to determine nitrogen and lipid metabolism parameters, and concentrations of various hormones. It was found that the body weight, average daily gain, apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and phosphorus, as well as the nutrient utilization rates of digestible energy, digestible nitrogen and phosphorus, were not affected by dietary digestible energy and crude protein levels (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of calcium in Group Ⅴ mares was 14.14%, 27.08% and 24.13% higher, respectively, than that of Group Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ mares (P<0.05), while the apparent digestibility of calcium of Group Ⅱ mares was 21.91% and 19.09% higher than that of mares in Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). The retention rate of digestible calcium of Group Ⅴ mares was 33.56%, 54.79% and 26.46% higher than that of mares in Groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05), and the retention rate of digestible calcium of Group Ⅱ mares was 36.02% higher than that of Group Ⅲ mares (P<0.05). The availability of digestible calcium in mares of Groups Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was, respectively, 23.24%, 27.67% and 34.16% higher than in mares of Group Ⅲ (P<0.05). Dietary digestive energy and crude protein levels had no significant effects on plasma GLT, AST, FFA, I-FABP, VLDL-C, TG, TP, BUN, estrone, estradiol, pituitary prolactin, progesterone, T3, GH and INS levels. The concentration of T4 in Group Ⅱ mares was, respectively, 34.83%, 26.57%, 30.36%, 34.39% higher than that of mares in Groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ (P<0.05). In conclusion, in the first and second month of lactation, dietary digestible energy levels of 112.05 and 140.37 MJ·d^-1, respectively, and crude protein levels of 1.50 and 1.94 kg·d^-1, respectively were able to supply the early lactation nutritional requirements of Yili mares, and promoted calcium digestion and metabolism, and levels of plasma thyroxine.

Key words: Yili mare, early lactation, digestive energy, crude protein, digestion and metabolism, blood physiological-biochemicals, hormones

方美烟, 王贤东, 于全平, 陈勇. 不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢、血液生理生化指标和激素的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 129-138.

FANG Mei-yan, WANG Xian-dong, YU Quan-ping, CHEN Yong. Effects of different levels of dietary digestible energy and crude protein on nutrient digestion and plasma physiological and biochemical parameters and hormones during early lactation of Yili mares[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(10): 129-138.

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