草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 150-158.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020079
收稿日期:
2020-02-26
修回日期:
2020-06-17
出版日期:
2021-01-20
发布日期:
2021-01-08
通讯作者:
张建国
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: zhangjg@scau.edu.cn基金资助:
Xin-zhu CHEN1,2(), Jian-guo ZHANG1()
Received:
2020-02-26
Revised:
2020-06-17
Online:
2021-01-20
Published:
2021-01-08
Contact:
Jian-guo ZHANG
摘要:
为探明茬次和高度对热研四号王草的乳酸菌分布和青贮发酵品质的影响,本研究对热研四号王草进行连续刈割3茬,每茬分别在1.0、1.5和2.0 m高度时采样,进行营养成分分析、青贮调制、乳酸菌计数及分离鉴定。结果表明,随着刈割高度的增加,原料的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著(P<0.05)升高,粗蛋白(CP)含量和pH值显著(P<0.05)降低;第2茬的DM含量显著(P<0.05)高于第1和3茬,第1茬的CP、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和ADF含量最高,NDF含量最低;第2茬的青贮发酵品质优于第1和3茬; 2.0 m青贮品质优于1.0和1.5 m;第2和3茬乳酸菌的数量显著(P<0.05)高于第1茬;2.0 m高度乳酸菌数量较多,但不同高度间无显著(P>0.05)差异。培养法发现植物乳杆菌和融合乳杆菌是热研四号王草的高频乳酸菌,第1茬只分离到2种乳酸菌,第3茬分离到4种乳酸菌。
陈鑫珠, 张建国. 不同茬次和高度热研四号王草的乳酸菌分布及青贮发酵品质[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1): 150-158.
Xin-zhu CHEN, Jian-guo ZHANG. Effects of cutting time and plant height of ‘Reyan No.4’ king grass on distribution of lactic acid bacteria and silage fermentation quality[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 150-158.
项目Items | 茬次Cutting | 高度Height | 方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬First | 第2茬Second | 第3茬Third | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 茬次 Cutting | 高度 Height | 茬次×高度 Cutting×height | |
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FM) | 16.10b | 19.83a | 17.10b | 16.17b | 16.87b | 20.00a | ** | ** | |
粗蛋白Crude protein (%DM) | 10.56a | 7.75b | 9.99a | 11.26a | 8.70b | 8.34b | ** | ** | ** |
可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 9.68a | 8.89a | 6.43b | 7.44 | 9.09 | 8.48 | ** | ** | ** |
pH | 5.04a | 4.66b | 4.70b | 5.00a | 4.81b | 4.58c | ** | ** | ** |
缓冲能Buffer capacity (mE·kg-1 DM) | 55.73b | 55.55b | 77.75a | 67.18ab | 70.10a | 51.74b | ** | ** | * |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 67.77b | 69.71a | 69.58a | 66.87c | 68.36b | 71.82a | * | ** | ** |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 43.39a | 36.33c | 39.71b | 37.90b | 39.55b | 41.97a | ** | ** | * |
半纤维 Hemi-cellulose (%DM) | 24.38c | 33.38a | 29.87b | 28.98 | 28.80 | 29.84 | ** | ||
棉子糖Melitose (%DM) | 1.93a | 0.03b | 0.60b | 0.82 | 1.05 | 0.69 | ** | ||
蔗糖Sucrose (%DM) | 2.59a | 1.08b | 0.69b | 1.67a | 1.10b | 1.70a | ** | * | ** |
麦芽糖Maltose (%DM) | 0.12a | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.12a | 0.00b | ** | ** | ** |
葡萄糖Glucose (%DM) | 0.08b | 0.03b | 0.27a | 0.05b | 0.23a | 0.11ab | ** | * | * |
木糖Xylose (%DM) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
半乳糖Galactose (%DM) | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 | |||
果糖Fructose (%DM) | 1.59a | 0.66b | 0.48b | 0.95a | 0.59b | 1.20a | ** | * | ** |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.71b | 4.65a | 4.45a | 3.45 | 4.05 | 4.31 | ** | * | |
好氧性细菌Aerobic bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 6.92ab | 7.47a | 6.86b | 6.97 | 7.11 | 7.17 | |||
酵母Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 5.53b | 5.30b | 6.04a | 5.65 | 5.44 | 5.77 | |||
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 3.56b | 4.42a | 3.84b | 3.79 | 4.09 | 3.95 |
表1 不同茬次和高度下热研四号王草的特性
Table 1 The characteristic of different cutting and height of Reyan No.4 king grass
项目Items | 茬次Cutting | 高度Height | 方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬First | 第2茬Second | 第3茬Third | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 茬次 Cutting | 高度 Height | 茬次×高度 Cutting×height | |
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FM) | 16.10b | 19.83a | 17.10b | 16.17b | 16.87b | 20.00a | ** | ** | |
粗蛋白Crude protein (%DM) | 10.56a | 7.75b | 9.99a | 11.26a | 8.70b | 8.34b | ** | ** | ** |
可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 9.68a | 8.89a | 6.43b | 7.44 | 9.09 | 8.48 | ** | ** | ** |
pH | 5.04a | 4.66b | 4.70b | 5.00a | 4.81b | 4.58c | ** | ** | ** |
缓冲能Buffer capacity (mE·kg-1 DM) | 55.73b | 55.55b | 77.75a | 67.18ab | 70.10a | 51.74b | ** | ** | * |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 67.77b | 69.71a | 69.58a | 66.87c | 68.36b | 71.82a | * | ** | ** |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 43.39a | 36.33c | 39.71b | 37.90b | 39.55b | 41.97a | ** | ** | * |
半纤维 Hemi-cellulose (%DM) | 24.38c | 33.38a | 29.87b | 28.98 | 28.80 | 29.84 | ** | ||
棉子糖Melitose (%DM) | 1.93a | 0.03b | 0.60b | 0.82 | 1.05 | 0.69 | ** | ||
蔗糖Sucrose (%DM) | 2.59a | 1.08b | 0.69b | 1.67a | 1.10b | 1.70a | ** | * | ** |
麦芽糖Maltose (%DM) | 0.12a | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.12a | 0.00b | ** | ** | ** |
葡萄糖Glucose (%DM) | 0.08b | 0.03b | 0.27a | 0.05b | 0.23a | 0.11ab | ** | * | * |
木糖Xylose (%DM) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
半乳糖Galactose (%DM) | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.00 | |||
果糖Fructose (%DM) | 1.59a | 0.66b | 0.48b | 0.95a | 0.59b | 1.20a | ** | * | ** |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 2.71b | 4.65a | 4.45a | 3.45 | 4.05 | 4.31 | ** | * | |
好氧性细菌Aerobic bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 6.92ab | 7.47a | 6.86b | 6.97 | 7.11 | 7.17 | |||
酵母Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 5.53b | 5.30b | 6.04a | 5.65 | 5.44 | 5.77 | |||
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FM) | 3.56b | 4.42a | 3.84b | 3.79 | 4.09 | 3.95 |
项目Items | 茬次Cutting | 高度Height | 方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 First | 第2茬 Second | 第3茬 Third | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 茬次 Cutting | 高度 Height | 茬次×高度 Cutting×height | |
干物质Dry matter (%) | 13.68 | 16.92 | 17.03 | 14.32b | 14.64b | 18.67a | * | ||
pH值pH value | 4.65a | 4.42b | 4.50a | 4.56a | 4.58a | 4.44b | ** | ** | ** |
乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | 0.41b | 1.68a | 0.46b | 0.93 | 0.71 | 0.91 | * | ||
乙酸Acedic acid (%DM) | 5.90a | 3.91ab | 2.23b | 6.10a | 2.88b | 3.01b | ** | ** | |
丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.92 | 1.47 | 0.48 | 0.97 | 0.52 | 1.38 | |||
丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | 3.68a | 1.91b | 0.91b | 2.48 | 1.91 | 2.10 | ** | ||
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (%TN) | 3.07a | 2.10b | 2.06b | 2.17b | 3.25a | 1.80b | * | * |
表2 不同茬次和高度下热研四号的发酵品质
Table 2 The fermentation characteristics of different cutting and height of Reyan No.4 king grass
项目Items | 茬次Cutting | 高度Height | 方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 First | 第2茬 Second | 第3茬 Third | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 茬次 Cutting | 高度 Height | 茬次×高度 Cutting×height | |
干物质Dry matter (%) | 13.68 | 16.92 | 17.03 | 14.32b | 14.64b | 18.67a | * | ||
pH值pH value | 4.65a | 4.42b | 4.50a | 4.56a | 4.58a | 4.44b | ** | ** | ** |
乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | 0.41b | 1.68a | 0.46b | 0.93 | 0.71 | 0.91 | * | ||
乙酸Acedic acid (%DM) | 5.90a | 3.91ab | 2.23b | 6.10a | 2.88b | 3.01b | ** | ** | |
丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.92 | 1.47 | 0.48 | 0.97 | 0.52 | 1.38 | |||
丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | 3.68a | 1.91b | 0.91b | 2.48 | 1.91 | 2.10 | ** | ||
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (%TN) | 3.07a | 2.10b | 2.06b | 2.17b | 3.25a | 1.80b | * | * |
名称Name | 登录号Accession | 相似菌株Similar strain | 相似率Percent identity (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Mott 1 | JQ811209.1 | 植物乳杆菌Lactococcus plantarum EU600918.1 | 99.80 |
Reyan 20 | JQ811213.1 | 戊糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus pentosus AB362677.1 | 99.90 |
Mott 5 | JQ811212.1 | 魏斯氏菌Weissella cibaria JQ811210.1 | 99.79 |
Mott 10 | JQ811210.1 | 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa JQ811212.1 | 99.79 |
D 3.3 | KC845210.1 | 乳酸乳球菌Lactobacillus lactis JQ811214.1 | 100.00 |
表3 代表菌株测序NCBI比对结果
Table 3 NCBI comparison results of the representative strains
名称Name | 登录号Accession | 相似菌株Similar strain | 相似率Percent identity (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Mott 1 | JQ811209.1 | 植物乳杆菌Lactococcus plantarum EU600918.1 | 99.80 |
Reyan 20 | JQ811213.1 | 戊糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus pentosus AB362677.1 | 99.90 |
Mott 5 | JQ811212.1 | 魏斯氏菌Weissella cibaria JQ811210.1 | 99.79 |
Mott 10 | JQ811210.1 | 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa JQ811212.1 | 99.79 |
D 3.3 | KC845210.1 | 乳酸乳球菌Lactobacillus lactis JQ811214.1 | 100.00 |
项目 Items | 第1茬 First cutting | 第2茬Second cutting | 第3茬Third cutting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | |
分离菌株数Isolates (strain) | 15 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 |
植物乳杆菌Lb. plantarum (%) | 93.33 | 93.33 | 83.33 | 64.28 | 21.43 | 57.14 | 66.66 | ||
戊糖乳杆菌Lb. pentosus (%) | 6.66 | 16.67 | |||||||
乳酸乳球菌Lc. lactis (%) | 6.66 | 7.14 | |||||||
融合乳杆菌W. confuse (%) | 28.57 | 78.57 | 100.00 | 28.57 | 33.33 | 84.61 | |||
魏斯氏菌W. cibaria (%) | 7.14 | 7.14 | 15.38 |
表4 不同茬次和高度下热研四号王草分离乳酸菌的数量和种类
Table 4 The number and kinds of LAB of different cutting and height of Reyan No.4 king grass
项目 Items | 第1茬 First cutting | 第2茬Second cutting | 第3茬Third cutting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | 1.0 m | 1.5 m | 2.0 m | |
分离菌株数Isolates (strain) | 15 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 |
植物乳杆菌Lb. plantarum (%) | 93.33 | 93.33 | 83.33 | 64.28 | 21.43 | 57.14 | 66.66 | ||
戊糖乳杆菌Lb. pentosus (%) | 6.66 | 16.67 | |||||||
乳酸乳球菌Lc. lactis (%) | 6.66 | 7.14 | |||||||
融合乳杆菌W. confuse (%) | 28.57 | 78.57 | 100.00 | 28.57 | 33.33 | 84.61 | |||
魏斯氏菌W. cibaria (%) | 7.14 | 7.14 | 15.38 |
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