草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 159-170.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021175
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2021-05-06
修回日期:
2021-06-30
出版日期:
2022-02-20
发布日期:
2021-12-22
通讯作者:
师尚礼
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: Shishl@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Hui-hui ZHANG(), Shang-li SHI(), Bei WU, Zi-li LI, Xiao-long LI
Received:
2021-05-06
Revised:
2021-06-30
Online:
2022-02-20
Published:
2021-12-22
Contact:
Shang-li SHI
摘要:
以紫花苜蓿分别与草地早熟禾、无芒雀麦和苇状羊茅按混播比例为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7建立的人工草地群落为研究对象,以4个草种单播处理为对照,通过对生物量、植物形态特征以及种间关系的测定分析,探讨种间关系对混播草种和比例的响应以及植物生长特征和生物量对种间关系的响应,为建植高产、优质的混播草地提供理论基础。研究结果表明3种混播组合中紫花苜蓿相对产量(RY)值均大于1.0且大于禾草,紫花苜蓿较禾草均具有竞争优势,紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾和紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦混播组合中,紫花苜蓿对禾草的生长具有压迫作用,紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅组合表现为两种牧草协同生长。随紫花苜蓿比例的下降和禾草比例的提高,紫花苜蓿RY值表现为豆禾比例3∶7>5∶5>7∶3,禾草RY值表现为豆禾比例3∶7>7∶3>5∶5,混播系统通过降低紫花苜蓿株高、增加茎粗和叶面积,禾草通过提高株高,降低茎粗以及先增大再减小叶面积来响应种间关系的变化,使得各混播比例下相对产量总和(RYT)值均大于1.0,进而使两种牧草达到协同生长,最终达到增产的目的。3种混播组合中,紫花苜蓿与苇状羊茅混播增产效果好于其他混播组合,并且以3∶7混播增产率最高,紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾、紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦以7∶3混播增产效率最高。
张辉辉, 师尚礼, 武蓓, 李自立, 李小龙. 苜蓿与3种多年生禾草混播效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(2): 159-170.
Hui-hui ZHANG, Shang-li SHI, Bei WU, Zi-li LI, Xiao-long LI. A study of yield interactions in mixed sowings of alfalfa and three perennial grasses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(2): 159-170.
项目 Item | 处理 Treatment | 编号 Code | 类型比例 Mixed sowing ratio | 播种量Sowing amount (kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 禾本科Gramineae | ||||
单播 Monoculture | 草地早熟禾P. pratensis | CK1 | - | 0 | 15.0 |
无芒雀麦B. inermis | CK2 | - | 0 | 30.0 | |
苇状羊茅F. arundinacea | CK3 | - | 0 | 20.0 | |
紫花苜蓿M. sativa | CK4 | - | 15.0 | 0 | |
混播 Mixture sowing | 紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾 M. sativa and P. pratensis (M+P) | M3P7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 10.5 |
M5P5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | ||
M7P3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 4.5 | ||
紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦 M. sativa and B. inermis (M+B) | M3B7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 21.0 | |
M5B5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 15.0 | ||
M7B3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 9.0 | ||
紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅 M. sativa and F. arundinacea (M+F) | M3F7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 14.0 | |
M5F5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 10.0 | ||
M7F3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 6.0 |
表 1 试验处理
Table 1 Experimental treatments
项目 Item | 处理 Treatment | 编号 Code | 类型比例 Mixed sowing ratio | 播种量Sowing amount (kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 禾本科Gramineae | ||||
单播 Monoculture | 草地早熟禾P. pratensis | CK1 | - | 0 | 15.0 |
无芒雀麦B. inermis | CK2 | - | 0 | 30.0 | |
苇状羊茅F. arundinacea | CK3 | - | 0 | 20.0 | |
紫花苜蓿M. sativa | CK4 | - | 15.0 | 0 | |
混播 Mixture sowing | 紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾 M. sativa and P. pratensis (M+P) | M3P7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 10.5 |
M5P5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | ||
M7P3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 4.5 | ||
紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦 M. sativa and B. inermis (M+B) | M3B7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 21.0 | |
M5B5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 15.0 | ||
M7B3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 9.0 | ||
紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅 M. sativa and F. arundinacea (M+F) | M3F7 | 3∶7 | 4.5 | 14.0 | |
M5F5 | 5∶5 | 7.5 | 10.0 | ||
M7F3 | 7∶3 | 10.5 | 6.0 |
图1 不同混播处理对牧草鲜重的影响不同的小写字母表示在不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of different mixed sowing treatment on fresh weight of forage
图3 不同混播比例处理对牧草株高的影响不同大写字母表示紫花苜蓿在不同混播组合间差异显著(P<0.05);不同的小写字母表示禾草在不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different treatments of alfalfa at 0.05 level; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of different treatments of Gramineae in the same mixture combination at 0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.3 Effect of different mixed sowing ratio treatment on plant height
图6 不同混播比例处理对牧草相对产量的影响*表示RY值与1.0有显著差异(P<0.05)。* means RY had a significant difference with 1.0 at the 0.05 level.
Fig.6 Effect of different mixed sowing ratio treatment on RY of forage
图9 不同混播比例处理对混播草相对产量总和的影响*表示RYT值与1.0有显著差异(P<0.05)。* means RYT had a significant difference with 1.0 at the 0.05 level.
Fig.9 Effect of different mixed sowing ratio treatment on RYT of mixture grassland
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