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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 95-106.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020476

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

调亏灌溉对高寒荒漠区人工混播草地土壤环境与牧草生长的影响

汪精海1,2(), 李广1(), 银敏华2, 齐广平2, 康燕霞2, 马彦麟2   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-20 修回日期:2020-12-07 出版日期:2021-12-01 发布日期:2021-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 李广
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: lig@gsau.edu.cn
    汪精海(1981-),男,甘肃景泰人,副教授,在读博士。E-mail: wangjh@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-20);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFC0400304);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙创新基金专项项目(GSAU-STS-2021-18);甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院青年教师科技创新基金项目(SLXY-QN-2020-07);甘肃省高校创新基金项目(2020B-131)

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the soil environment and forage growth of mixed-species forage plantings in China’s high-cold desert area

Jing-hai WANG1,2(), Guang LI1(), Min-hua YIN2, Guang-ping QI2, Yan-xia KANG2, Yan-lin MA2   

  1. 1.College of Forestry of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2020-10-20 Revised:2020-12-07 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-12-01
  • Contact: Guang LI

摘要:

针对中国高寒荒漠草原区牧草种植模式单一、产量水平低下的草业畜牧业生产现状,探究更为有效的灌水模式以提高牧草产量,以实现区域水土资源高效利用。以燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播草地为研究对象,采用大田试验对比分析了7种调亏灌溉模式(拔节期轻度亏水BW1:65%~75%,拔节期中度亏水BW2:55%~65%,拔节期重度亏水BW3:45%~55%,开花期轻度亏水KW1:65%~75%,开花期中度亏水KW2:55%~65%,开花期重度亏水KW3:45%~55%,以全生育期充分灌水QW0:75%~85%为对照)对混播草地土壤水分、土壤温度和土壤养分及牧草株高、茎叶比、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:1)平均土壤贮水量随灌水亏缺程度的提高呈降低趋势,同一亏缺度条件下,拔节期亏水与开花期亏水间无显著差异。2)水分亏缺处理的平均土壤温度显著高于充分灌水处理,且水分亏缺度一定时,拔节期亏水处理的平均土壤温度显著高于开花期亏水处理。3)收获后各处理的土壤养分含量较播种前呈降低趋势。与充分灌水相比,开花期轻度亏水可显著提高土壤速效氮含量,而中度或重度水分亏缺不利于牧草对土壤速效磷和钾的吸收。4)同一灌水模式下,燕麦株高、茎叶比和产量均显著高于箭筈豌豆。7种灌水模式的草地耗水量为386.1~502.6 mm,与处理QW0相比,处理KW2的灌水量减少20.6%,牧草总产量无显著差异,可获得较高的水分利用效率(31.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1)、灌水利用效率(81.0 kg·hm-2·mm-1)、氮素吸收效率(0.99 kg·kg-1)和氮肥偏生产力(191.1 kg·kg-1),是高寒荒漠区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地节水、增产和高效的水分管理模式。

关键词: 调亏灌溉, 混播, 人工草地, 土壤环境, 生长, 高寒荒漠区

Abstract:

In the high-cold desert area of China, forage production is limited by the traditional planting patterns used and by the low natural productivity of the landscape. The purpose of this study was to explore a promising irrigation regime to increase forage yield and achieve efficient use of water and soil resources. For a mixed-sowing of oats (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa), a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of seven patterns of regulated deficit irrigation on the soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil nutrient levels of the forage crop, as well as the plant height, stem-leaf ratio, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency of the mixed-species forage crop. The seven irrigation patterns were: mild water deficit at jointing stage (BW1, soil moisture at 65%-75% of field capacity; SM% FC), moderate water deficit at jointing stage (BW2, 55%-65% SM% FC), severe water deficit at jointing stage (BW3, 45%-55% SM% FC), mild water deficit at flowering stage (KW1, 65%-75% SM% FC), moderate water deficit at flowering stage (KW2, 55%-65% SM% FC), severe water deficit at flowering stage (KW3, 45%-55% SM% FC), and full irrigation during all crop growth stages (QW0, 75%-85% SM% FC). It was found that: 1) The average soil water storage decreased with the increasing water deficit. Under the same water deficit conditions, there was no significant difference between the average soil water storage at jointing stage and at flowering stage. 2) The average soil temperatures of water deficit treatments were significantly higher than those of the full irrigation treatment. At the same level of water deficit, the average soil temperature was significantly higher in treatments with water deficit at the jointing stage than those with water deficit at the flowering stage. 3) Compared with levels before sowing, the soil nutrient contents of all treatments were reduced after harvest. The treatment KW1 significantly increased soil available nitrogen content, while moderate or severe water deficit inhibited the absorption of soil available phosphorus and potassium by the forage crops. 4) Under the same irrigation pattern, the plant height, stem-leaf ratio, and yield of oats were significantly higher than those of vetch. The water consumption of the seven irrigation regimes was 386.1-502.6 mm. Compared with the treatment QW0, the treatment KW2 reduced the irrigation amount by 20.6%, had a statistically equal forage yield, and achieved a higher water use efficiency (31.5 kg·ha-1·mm-1), irrigation water use efficiency (81.0 kg·ha-1·mm-1), nitrogen absorption efficiency (0.99 kg·kg-1), and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (191.1 kg·kg-1). In conclusion, moderate water deficit during the flowering stage was a water-saving, yield-increasing, and highly efficient water management regime for the tested oat-vetch forage crop at this site in a high-cold desert area.

Key words: regulated deficit irrigation, mixed seeding, artificial grassland, soil environment, growth, high-cold desert area