沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对黄土高原青贮玉米叶片酶活性及水氮利用的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021315

草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 126-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021315

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对黄土高原青贮玉米叶片酶活性及水氮利用的影响

周大梁(), 石薇(), 蒋紫薇, 魏正业, 梁欢欢, 贾倩民

兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室，兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室，兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心，兰州大学草地农业科技学院，甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-07-01
通讯作者: 石薇
作者简介:E-mail： weishi@lzu.edu.cn
周大梁（2000-），男，江西赣州人，在读本科。E-mail： zhoudl18@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31901389);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设经费-科研启动费(561119204)

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen utilization of silage maize under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting in Loess Plateau

Da-liang ZHOU(), Wei SHI(), Zi-wei JIANG, Zheng-ye WEI, Huan-huan LIANG, Qian-min JIA

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem，Key Laboratory of Grass and Animal Husbandry Innovation，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas，Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of Grassland Agriculture，College of Grassland Agricultural Science and Technology，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730020，China

Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-11-29 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-07-01
Contact: Wei SHI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究沟垄集雨下青贮玉米叶片酶活性与水氮利用效率对种植密度和施氮量的响应，于2019和2020年在甘肃环县开展田间试验，设置4个种植密度（D₁：6.0万株·hm^-2；D₂：7.5万株·hm^-2；D₃：9.0万株·hm^-2；D₄：10.5万株·hm^-2）和4个施氮水平（N₀：0 kg·hm^-2；N₁：120 kg·hm^-2；N₂：240 kg·hm^-2；N₃：360 kg·hm^-2）。结果表明：1）在吐丝期和灌浆期，硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase， NR）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase， SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase， CAT）活性随着密度的增加而降低，N₂、N₃处理的灌浆期NR、SOD和CAT活性显著高于N₀。2）饲草产量（干草和鲜草）随着密度升高而逐渐增加，N₃处理的平均饲草产量最高，但与N₂处理无显著差异。3）D₃、D₄处理的降水利用效率（precipitation utilization efficiency， PUE）和生物量水分利用效率（biomass water use efficiency， WUE_B）显著高于D₁和D₂，且D₃处理的籽粒产量水分利用效率（grain yield water use efficiency， WUE_G）最高。N₂、N₃处理的PUE、WUE_B、WUE_G均显著高于N₀和N₁，且N₂处理的WUE_B、WUE_G最高。4）D₃、D₄处理的植株氮含量小于D₁，而氮吸收量、氮肥农学效率（nitrogen agronomic efficiency， AEN）和氮肥利用效率（nitrogen use efficiency， NUE）显著高于D₁。随着施氮量的提高，氮含量与氮吸收量提高，而AEN和NUE则随施氮量增加呈先增高后降低的趋势。密度与施氮的交互作用对叶片酶活性和水氮利用效率影响不显著。所有处理中D₃-N₂的NUE、WUE_G和WUE_B最高，同时获得较高的饲草产量，该措施是一种适宜黄土高原地区青贮玉米种植的管理模式。

关键词: 沟垄集雨, 种植密度, 施氮, 酶活性, 水分利用效率, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted in Huan County， Gansu Province， to explore the effects of planting density and nitrogen application levels on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen use efficiency of silage maize （Zea mays） under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting. Four planting densities （D₁： 6×10⁴ plants·ha^-1； D₂： 7.5×10⁴ plants·ha^-1； D₃： 9.0×10⁴ plants·ha^-1； D₄： 10.5×10⁴ plants·ha^-1） and four nitrogen application levels （N₀： 0 kg·ha^-1； N₁： 120 kg·ha^-1； N₂： 240 kg·ha^-1； N₃： 360 kg·ha^-1） were included in the experiment. In summary， it was found： 1） The activities of nitrate reductase （NR）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） decreased with increase in plant density. However， the NR， SOD and CAT activity increased with N application and at the grain filling stage were significantly higher under N₂ and N₃ treatments than in the N₀treatment. 2） The fresh and hay yield increased incrementally with increase in plant density. The average fresh and hay yield of the N₃ treatment was numerically highest， but the difference between N₃ and N₂ treatments was not statistically significant. 3） The precipitation utilization efficiency （PUE） and biomass water use efficiency （WUE_B） of D₃ and D₄ treatments were significantly higher than those of D₁ and D₂ treatments， and the grain yield water use efficiency （WUE_G） of D₃ treatment was greater compared to other treatments. Moreover， PUE， WUE_B and WUE_G of N₂ and N₃ treatments were significantly higher than those of N₀ and N₁ treatments. 4） The nitrogen content of D₃ and D₄ treatments was less than that of D₁ treatment， but the nitrogen uptake， nitrogen agronomic efficiency （AEN） and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） of D₃ and D₄ treatment were significantly higher than those of treatment D₁. With increase in nitrogen application rate， nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake increased， while AEN and NUE initially increased and then decreased as nitrogen application rate increased. There was no significant interaction between planting density and nitrogen application rate for leaf enzyme and water-nitrogen use efficiency in our experiment. Among all the treatments， NUE， WUE_G and WUE_B were the highest in D₃-N₂ treatment， and higher yield was obtained. These results indicate that D₃-N₂ is a suitable agronomic management regime for silage maize production in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: ridge furrow rainwater harvesting, planting density, nitrogen application, enzyme activity, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency

周大梁, 石薇, 蒋紫薇, 魏正业, 梁欢欢, 贾倩民. 沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对黄土高原青贮玉米叶片酶活性及水氮利用的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(8): 126-143.

Da-liang ZHOU, Wei SHI, Zi-wei JIANG, Zheng-ye WEI, Huan-huan LIANG, Qian-min JIA. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen utilization of silage maize under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting in Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 126-143.

图/表 11

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种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	吐丝期 Spinning period		灌浆期 Filling stage
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	80.9±6.37a	83.8±5.36ab	48.1±3.86abc	56.2±3.99abcd
	N₁	85.4±6.73a	84.4±5.93ab	49.5±4.14ab	61.2±4.49ab
	N₂	84.3±6.85a	88.6±5.90a	53.2±3.71a	63.3±5.33a
	N₃	83.9±6.05a	89.5±6.72a	53.7±4.75a	65.1±4.98a
D₂	N₀	80.7±4.94a	80.6±6.37ab	36.1±2.95defg	50.2±3.57bcde
	N₁	76.2±5.33a	81.9±5.04ab	39.8±2.91cdef	54.9±4.19abcd
	N₂	78.0±5.86a	85.4±7.33ab	44.0±3.83abcd	59.1±4.94abc
	N₃	80.6±7.79a	86.9±6.96ab	45.9±3.73abcd	58.8±5.75abc
D₃	N₀	71.7±5.70a	72.8±6.79ab	33.1±3.15efg	43.7±3.25def
	N₁	73.2±5.26a	73.5±6.69ab	36.6±2.79defg	49.0±3.67bcde
	N₂	75.3±6.92a	79.2±7.79ab	39.1±3.81cdef	53.0±5.33abcde
	N₃	77.0±7.55a	81.7±8.74ab	42.1±4.51bcde	53.7±5.73abcd
D₄	N₀	71.1±4.66a	68.8±4.79b	28.7±1.73g	36.4±2.77f
	N₁	70.4±5.94a	71.7±5.25ab	31.8±2.34fg	41.0±3.22ef
	N₂	75.1±7.01a	76.1±7.11ab	35.9±3.18defg	44.7±4.12def
	N₃	75.2±6.22a	77.3±6.48ab	39.1±3.45bcde	46.8±4.05cdef
平均值 Average	D₁	83.6±5.81A	86.6±5.73A	51.1±4.32A	61.5±5.33A
	D₂	78.9±5.54AB	83.7±6.14A	41.5±4.92B	55.8±5.50B
	D₃	74.3±5.87B	76.8±7.53B	37.7±4.65C	49.8±5.73C
	D₄	73.0±5.63B	73.5±6.23B	33.9±4.73D	42.2±5.14D
	N₀	76.1±6.76A	76.5±8.02B	36.5±7.93B	46.6±8.25B
	N₁	76.3±7.71A	77.9±7.48AB	39.4±7.24B	51.5±8.50A
	N₂	78.2±6.88A	82.3±7.92AB	43.1±7.51A	55.0±8.45A
	N₃	79.2±6.88A	83.8±7.92A	45.2±6.70A	56.1±8.30A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	ns	*	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	吐丝期 Spinning period		灌浆期 Filling stage
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	80.9±6.37a	83.8±5.36ab	48.1±3.86abc	56.2±3.99abcd
	N₁	85.4±6.73a	84.4±5.93ab	49.5±4.14ab	61.2±4.49ab
	N₂	84.3±6.85a	88.6±5.90a	53.2±3.71a	63.3±5.33a
	N₃	83.9±6.05a	89.5±6.72a	53.7±4.75a	65.1±4.98a
D₂	N₀	80.7±4.94a	80.6±6.37ab	36.1±2.95defg	50.2±3.57bcde
	N₁	76.2±5.33a	81.9±5.04ab	39.8±2.91cdef	54.9±4.19abcd
	N₂	78.0±5.86a	85.4±7.33ab	44.0±3.83abcd	59.1±4.94abc
	N₃	80.6±7.79a	86.9±6.96ab	45.9±3.73abcd	58.8±5.75abc
D₃	N₀	71.7±5.70a	72.8±6.79ab	33.1±3.15efg	43.7±3.25def
	N₁	73.2±5.26a	73.5±6.69ab	36.6±2.79defg	49.0±3.67bcde
	N₂	75.3±6.92a	79.2±7.79ab	39.1±3.81cdef	53.0±5.33abcde
	N₃	77.0±7.55a	81.7±8.74ab	42.1±4.51bcde	53.7±5.73abcd
D₄	N₀	71.1±4.66a	68.8±4.79b	28.7±1.73g	36.4±2.77f
	N₁	70.4±5.94a	71.7±5.25ab	31.8±2.34fg	41.0±3.22ef
	N₂	75.1±7.01a	76.1±7.11ab	35.9±3.18defg	44.7±4.12def
	N₃	75.2±6.22a	77.3±6.48ab	39.1±3.45bcde	46.8±4.05cdef
平均值 Average	D₁	83.6±5.81A	86.6±5.73A	51.1±4.32A	61.5±5.33A
	D₂	78.9±5.54AB	83.7±6.14A	41.5±4.92B	55.8±5.50B
	D₃	74.3±5.87B	76.8±7.53B	37.7±4.65C	49.8±5.73C
	D₄	73.0±5.63B	73.5±6.23B	33.9±4.73D	42.2±5.14D
	N₀	76.1±6.76A	76.5±8.02B	36.5±7.93B	46.6±8.25B
	N₁	76.3±7.71A	77.9±7.48AB	39.4±7.24B	51.5±8.50A
	N₂	78.2±6.88A	82.3±7.92AB	43.1±7.51A	55.0±8.45A
	N₃	79.2±6.88A	83.8±7.92A	45.2±6.70A	56.1±8.30A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	ns	*	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	吐丝期Spinning period		灌浆期Filling stage
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	791.9±57.30ab	652.7±41.70abc	596.4±44.60ab	511.8±38.15abcd
	N₁	797.7±53.28ab	672.5±43.29abc	612.4±43.52ab	558.2±42.53ab
	N₂	838.3±56.91a	708.8±51.45a	655.4±55.54a	577.1±47.15a
	N₃	847.4±77.34a	712.1±61.17a	660.5±49.42a	593.7±55.28a
D₂	N₀	759.8±49.51ab	626.2±39.15abc	459.1±35.35cde	457.0±35.55bcde
	N₁	773.4±60.36ab	645.2±51.37abc	501.6±36.66bcd	500.6±36.60abcd
	N₂	807.6±66.98ab	666.5±56.77abc	550.1±42.16abc	539.0±38.47abc
	N₃	821.6±72.34ab	683.1±66.67ab	571.7±58.25abc	536.2±45.24abc
D₃	N₀	684.3±52.12ab	558.1±43.46abc	424.5±35.50de	397.0±38.01def
	N₁	690.9±57.38ab	611.0±54.41abc	465.3±42.22cde	446.4±38.95bcde
	N₂	746.8±71.69ab	635.4±53.51abc	494.0±44.84bcde	482.5±41.71abcde
	N₃	770.9±80.99ab	655.4±67.07abc	528.1±48.40bcd	489.1±54.29abcde
D₄	N₀	644.2±46.38b	519.3±30.12c	375.0±23.68e	333.0±26.51f
	N₁	672.8±59.90ab	551.4±44.93bc	410.5±35.63de	375.4±27.44ef
	N₂	716.1±61.27ab	609.6±63.53abc	456.6±39.00cde	409.3±33.90def
	N₃	727.9±58.47ab	602.4±42.19abc	493.5±41.27bcde	428.5±41.48cdef
平均值 Average	D₁	818.8±58.61A	686.5±49.98A	631.2±50.31A	560.2±50.75A
	D₂	790.6±59.63A	655.2±51.55AB	520.6±59.11B	508.2±48.16B
	D₃	723.2±68.49B	615.0±60.53BC	478.0±54.09C	453.7±53.39C
	D₄	690.3±59.83B	570.7±55.65C	433.9±55.89D	386.6±47.17D
	N₀	720.1±75.41B	589.1±64.59B	463.7±91.09C	424.7±75.77B
	N₁	733.7±74.08AB	620.0±62.88AB	497.4±84.22BC	470.1±77.19A
	N₂	777.2±74.58AB	655.1±61.78A	539.0±87.53AB	502.0±74.53A
	N₃	792.0±78.55A	663.2±66.44A	563.5±77.83A	511.9±76.16A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	*	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	吐丝期Spinning period		灌浆期Filling stage
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	791.9±57.30ab	652.7±41.70abc	596.4±44.60ab	511.8±38.15abcd
	N₁	797.7±53.28ab	672.5±43.29abc	612.4±43.52ab	558.2±42.53ab
	N₂	838.3±56.91a	708.8±51.45a	655.4±55.54a	577.1±47.15a
	N₃	847.4±77.34a	712.1±61.17a	660.5±49.42a	593.7±55.28a
D₂	N₀	759.8±49.51ab	626.2±39.15abc	459.1±35.35cde	457.0±35.55bcde
	N₁	773.4±60.36ab	645.2±51.37abc	501.6±36.66bcd	500.6±36.60abcd
	N₂	807.6±66.98ab	666.5±56.77abc	550.1±42.16abc	539.0±38.47abc
	N₃	821.6±72.34ab	683.1±66.67ab	571.7±58.25abc	536.2±45.24abc
D₃	N₀	684.3±52.12ab	558.1±43.46abc	424.5±35.50de	397.0±38.01def
	N₁	690.9±57.38ab	611.0±54.41abc	465.3±42.22cde	446.4±38.95bcde
	N₂	746.8±71.69ab	635.4±53.51abc	494.0±44.84bcde	482.5±41.71abcde
	N₃	770.9±80.99ab	655.4±67.07abc	528.1±48.40bcd	489.1±54.29abcde
D₄	N₀	644.2±46.38b	519.3±30.12c	375.0±23.68e	333.0±26.51f
	N₁	672.8±59.90ab	551.4±44.93bc	410.5±35.63de	375.4±27.44ef
	N₂	716.1±61.27ab	609.6±63.53abc	456.6±39.00cde	409.3±33.90def
	N₃	727.9±58.47ab	602.4±42.19abc	493.5±41.27bcde	428.5±41.48cdef
平均值 Average	D₁	818.8±58.61A	686.5±49.98A	631.2±50.31A	560.2±50.75A
	D₂	790.6±59.63A	655.2±51.55AB	520.6±59.11B	508.2±48.16B
	D₃	723.2±68.49B	615.0±60.53BC	478.0±54.09C	453.7±53.39C
	D₄	690.3±59.83B	570.7±55.65C	433.9±55.89D	386.6±47.17D
	N₀	720.1±75.41B	589.1±64.59B	463.7±91.09C	424.7±75.77B
	N₁	733.7±74.08AB	620.0±62.88AB	497.4±84.22BC	470.1±77.19A
	N₂	777.2±74.58AB	655.1±61.78A	539.0±87.53AB	502.0±74.53A
	N₃	792.0±78.55A	663.2±66.44A	563.5±77.83A	511.9±76.16A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	*	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	吐丝期Spinning period		灌浆期 Filling stage
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	10.60±0.67abc	10.10±0.74abcd	9.22±0.69abcd	8.78±0.58abc
	N₁	11.16±0.90ab	11.11±0.90ab	9.51±0.80abc	9.59±0.66abc
	N₂	11.71±0.89a	11.52±0.91ab	10.30±0.81ab	10.35±0.92a
	N₃	11.64±0.92a	11.89±0.90a	10.39±0.75a	10.64±0.83a
D₂	N₀	7.95±0.50defg	8.90±0.56cdefg	6.71±0.53efg	8.03±0.55bcd
	N₁	8.48±0.57defg	9.85±0.67abcde	7.49±0.60cdefg	8.87±0.62abc
	N₂	9.72±0.67abcde	10.69±0.89abc	8.37±0.69bcdef	9.55±0.87abc
	N₃	9.94±0.95abcd	10.63±1.03abc	8.77±0.78abcd	9.83±0.97ab
D₃	N₀	7.19±0.60fg	7.59±0.58fg	6.73±0.58efg	6.66±0.55de
	N₁	7.68±0.72efg	8.67±0.72cdefg	7.48±0.66cdefg	7.54±0.60cde
	N₂	8.83±0.75cdef	9.46±0.86bcdef	8.01±0.83cdef	8.60±0.73abcd
	N₃	9.46±0.97bcde	9.60±1.04bcdef	8.64±0.97abcde	9.09±1.06abc
D₄	N₀	6.48±0.37g	6.12±0.42h	5.82±0.43g	5.97±0.41e
	N₁	7.04±0.55fg	7.05±0.61gh	6.48±0.58fg	6.62±0.50de
	N₂	7.84±0.78efg	7.79±0.69efgh	7.32±0.69defg	7.63±0.67cde
	N₃	8.49±0.66defg	8.21±0.64defgh	8.00±0.77cdef	7.91±0.72bcde
平均值 Average	D₁	11.28±0.86A	11.15±1.02A	9.85±0.84A	9.84±0.99A
	D₂	9.02±1.05B	10.02±1.03B	7.84±1.00B	9.07±0.98B
	D₃	8.29±1.15C	8.83±1.09C	7.72±0.99B	7.97±1.18C
	D₄	7.46±0.95D	7.29±0.97D	6.91±1.02C	7.03±0.96D
	N₀	8.05±1.69B	8.18±1.63C	7.12±1.41B	7.36±1.24C
	N₁	8.59±1.74B	9.17±1.68B	7.74±1.28B	8.16±1.31B
	N₂	9.53±1.63A	9.87±1.63AB	8.50±1.32A	9.03±1.27A
	N₃	9.88±1.41A	10.08±1.61A	8.95±1.16A	9.37±1.30A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	**	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对黄土高原青贮玉米叶片酶活性及水氮利用的影响

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen utilization of silage maize under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting in Loess Plateau

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Metrics

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	播前贮水量 Water storage before sowing		收获期贮水量 Water storage at harvesting		土壤蒸散量 Soil evapotranspiration
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	412.6±23.55a	388.5±17.78a	320.8±15.24a	309.6±18.84a	504.9±26.84a	432.5±21.85a
	N₁	403.6±18.16a	390.1±20.13a	322.4±17.62a	309.0±16.20a	494.3±27.50a	434.7±20.89a
	N₂	412.6±24.66a	366.1±22.57a	299.1±18.56a	285.4±19.20a	526.6±31.48a	434.3±29.22a
	N₃	405.5±27.88a	360.0±29.10a	293.2±20.51a	278.1±20.00a	525.4±34.93a	435.4±33.17a
D₂	N₀	400.6±19.50a	386.6±17.59a	318.9±19.53a	297.9±19.74a	494.8±32.92a	442.2±27.34a
	N₁	406.0±25.13a	387.0±27.64a	319.4±21.56a	298.3±17.42a	499.7±32.24a	442.3±26.30a
	N₂	412.6±28.32a	364.0±25.15a	297.0±19.10a	278.6±21.91a	528.6±42.40a	439.0±32.01a
	N₃	403.1±30.44a	357.7±23.09a	291.0±21.25a	273.2±21.94a	525.2±42.09a	438.1±32.46a
D₃	N₀	402.1±23.45a	392.7±28.69a	324.8±22.98a	303.2±19.87a	490.3±37.47a	443.1±32.67a
	N₁	403.0±23.60a	385.1±21.70a	317.5±18.25a	296.7±15.76a	498.6±30.53a	442.0±27.47a
	N₂	401.0±33.14a	362.8±29.40a	299.8±25.21a	283.3±18.80a	514.3±37.61a	433.1±30.85a
	N₃	400.9±32.53a	348.3±30.12a	282.2±25.45a	268.6±25.22a	531.8±45.87a	433.3±35.35a
D₄	N₀	408.7±26.93a	379.2±21.24a	306.9±19.73a	282.3±18.12a	514.9±25.17a	450.5±24.08a
	N₁	414.2±32.78a	382.3±25.48a	308.0±20.95a	286.2±18.85a	519.4±38.00a	449.6±29.23a
	N₂	412.5±32.88a	363.7±29.27a	286.9±24.25a	271.9±18.94a	538.7±42.41a	445.4±36.94a
	N₃	415.5±28.80a	359.4±29.95a	270.9±20.89a	258.1±19.18a	557.6±41.62a	454.9±37.97a
平均值 Average	D₁	408.6±20.76A	376.1±23.91A	308.8±20.48A	295.5±21.58A	512.8±29.60A	434.2±22.86A
	D₂	405.5±22.81A	373.8±24.42A	306.6±21.90A	287.0±20.97A	512.1±35.78A	440.4±25.36A
	D₃	401.8±24.37A	372.2±29.95A	306.1±26.22A	287.9±22.11A	508.8±36.58A	437.9±27.49A
	D₄	412.7±26.11A	371.1±24.96A	293.2±24.37A	274.6±19.65A	532.6±36.52A	450.1±27.99A
	N₀	406.0±20.69A	386.7±19.27A	317.9±18.08A	298.2±19.43A	501.2±28.23A	442.1±23.80A
	N₁	406.7±22.21A	386.1±20.62A	316.8±17.69A	297.6±16.84A	503.0±29.34A	442.2±22.97A
	N₂	409.7±26.07A	364.1±22.85AB	295.7±19.51B	279.8±17.69AB	527.1±34.25A	437.9±28.07A
	N₃	406.2±26.21A	356.3±24.56B	284.3±20.96B	269.5±20.07B	535.0±37.89A	440.4±30.99A
显著性 Significance	PD	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	NA	ns	*	**	**	ns	ns
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

[1]	蒋紫薇, 刘桂宇, 安昊云, 石薇, 常生华, 张程, 贾倩民, 侯扶江. 种植密度与施氮对玉米/秣食豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(7): 157-171.
[2]	撖冬荣, 姚拓, 李海云, 黄书超, 杨琰珊, 高亚敏, 李昌宁, 张银翠. 微生物肥料与化肥减量配施对多年生黑麦草生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(3): 136-143.
[3]	马文明, 刘超文, 周青平, 邓增卓玛, 唐思洪, 迪力亚尔·莫合塔尔null, 侯晨. 高寒草地灌丛化对土壤团聚体生态化学计量学及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(1): 57-68.
[4]	古丽娜扎尔·艾力null, 陶海宁, 王自奎, 沈禹颖. 基于APSIM模型的黄土旱塬区苜蓿——小麦轮作系统深层土壤水分及水分利用效率研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(7): 22-33.
[5]	王红林, 左艳春, 严旭, 周晓康, 寇晶, 杨希智, 郭俊英, 蒲军, 张浩仁, 杜周和. 刈割高度与施氮量对饲料桑全株产量及营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(11): 203-211.
[6]	程分生, 尤龙辉, 余锦林, 徐惠昌, 游惠明, 聂森, 李建民, 叶功富. 冷季型绿肥对锥栗园土壤生化性质及微生物群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(11): 62-75.
[7]	周诗晶, 罗佳宁, 刘仲淼, 董超, 秦燕, 吴淑娟, 甘红军, 谢菲, 庄光辉, 伏兵哲, 牛得草. 箭筈豌豆种植密度对土壤微生物养分代谢的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 63-72.
[8]	何海锋, 闫承宏, 吴娜, 刘吉利, 贾瑜琀. 不同施氮水平对柳枝稷光合特性及抗旱性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(1): 107-115.
[9]	宗文贞, 郭家昊, 贾云龙, 郑永兴, 杨旭, 胡芳弟, 王静. 单宁在植物-土壤氮循环中作用的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 174-183.
[10]	才璐, 王林林, 罗珠珠, 李玲玲, 牛伊宁, 蔡立群, 谢军红. 中国苜蓿产量及水分利用效率对种植年限响应的Meta分析[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(6): 27-38.
[11]	康彩睿, 谢军红, 李玲玲, 王嘉男, 郭喜军, 彭正凯, 王进斌, Setor kwami Fudjoe, 王林林. 种植密度与施氮量对陇中旱农区玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(5): 141-149.
[12]	冯军, 石超, 门胜男, Hafiz Athar Hussain, 柯剑鸿, Linna Cholidah, 陈锦芬, 郭欣, 武海燕, 冉泰霖, 向信华, 王龙昌. 不同降雨下旱地油菜节水节肥技术对土壤养分及酶活性的调控效应[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(4): 51-62.
[13]	高丽敏, 苏晶, 田倩, 沈益新. 施氮对不同水分条件下紫花苜蓿氮素吸收及根系固氮酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 130-136.
[14]	张建军, 党翼, 赵刚, 王磊, 樊廷录, 李尚中, 雷康宁. 留膜留茬免耕栽培对旱作玉米田土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 123-133.
[15]	方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 地膜覆盖和施肥对半干旱区苦荞土壤水分利用及产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(11): 46-56.

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	鲜草产量Fresh grass yield		干草产量Hay yield
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	42.01±2.03h	35.99±2.04f	15.02±0.99j	12.86±0.84d
	N₁	45.83±2.30gh	40.85±2.04ef	16.10±0.92ij	14.54±0.89cd
	N₂	49.38±3.65fgh	45.21±2.69def	17.94±1.31ghij	16.35±1.27cd
	N₃	49.08±3.28fgh	44.45±3.31ef	17.78±1.27ghij	16.13±1.25cd
D₂	N₀	48.14±3.12fgh	44.48±2.80ef	16.67±0.75hij	15.86±0.90cd
	N₁	52.22±3.32efgh	49.94±2.96cde	18.27±1.37fghij	17.91±1.10bc
	N₂	62.61±5.25bcde	58.92±4.08abc	21.86±1.56cdefg	20.91±1.61ab
	N₃	61.15±4.87cde	59.03±4.04abc	21.40±1.78defgh	21.04±1.71ab
D₃	N₀	56.87±4.21defg	48.49±3.82cde	19.78±1.40efghi	17.34±1.11bc
	N₁	63.85±4.87bcde	56.12±3.79bcd	22.79±1.62bcdef	20.60±1.64ab
	N₂	72.60±6.96abc	65.97±5.59ab	25.83±2.08abcd	24.07±2.10a
	N₃	74.30±6.38ab	65.75±5.59ab	26.23±2.41abc	23.87±1.94a
D₄	N₀	60.52±4.01cdef	49.18±3.36cde	21.12±1.35efgh	17.65±1.19bc
	N₁	69.08±5.11abcd	58.08±5.12abc	24.22±2.21abcde	21.03±1.80ab
	N₂	77.09±6.38a	67.05±5.72ab	27.19±2.20ab	24.53±2.02a
	N₃	79.77±5.74a	68.13±5.30a	28.18±2.52a	24.85±1.86a
平均值 Average	D₁	46.58±4.12D	41.63±4.54C	16.71±1.64C	14.97±1.69C
	D₂	56.03±7.25C	53.09±7.28B	19.55±2.54B	18.93±2.56B
	D₃	66.90±8.52B	59.08±8.54A	23.66±3.23A	21.47±3.21A
	D₄	71.62±9.45A	60.61±9.06A	25.18±3.3A	22.02±3.41A
	N₀	51.89±8.15C	44.53±6.04C	18.15±2.69C	15.93±2.15C
	N₁	57.75±10.34B	51.25±7.66B	20.34±3.7B	18.52±2.92B
	N₂	65.42±12.06A	59.28±9.99A	23.21±4.11A	21.47±3.69A
	N₃	66.07±13.26A	59.34±10.47A	23.40±4.57A	21.47±3.87A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	**	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	鲜草产量Fresh grass yield		干草产量Hay yield
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	42.01±2.03h	35.99±2.04f	15.02±0.99j	12.86±0.84d
	N₁	45.83±2.30gh	40.85±2.04ef	16.10±0.92ij	14.54±0.89cd
	N₂	49.38±3.65fgh	45.21±2.69def	17.94±1.31ghij	16.35±1.27cd
	N₃	49.08±3.28fgh	44.45±3.31ef	17.78±1.27ghij	16.13±1.25cd
D₂	N₀	48.14±3.12fgh	44.48±2.80ef	16.67±0.75hij	15.86±0.90cd
	N₁	52.22±3.32efgh	49.94±2.96cde	18.27±1.37fghij	17.91±1.10bc
	N₂	62.61±5.25bcde	58.92±4.08abc	21.86±1.56cdefg	20.91±1.61ab
	N₃	61.15±4.87cde	59.03±4.04abc	21.40±1.78defgh	21.04±1.71ab
D₃	N₀	56.87±4.21defg	48.49±3.82cde	19.78±1.40efghi	17.34±1.11bc
	N₁	63.85±4.87bcde	56.12±3.79bcd	22.79±1.62bcdef	20.60±1.64ab
	N₂	72.60±6.96abc	65.97±5.59ab	25.83±2.08abcd	24.07±2.10a
	N₃	74.30±6.38ab	65.75±5.59ab	26.23±2.41abc	23.87±1.94a
D₄	N₀	60.52±4.01cdef	49.18±3.36cde	21.12±1.35efgh	17.65±1.19bc
	N₁	69.08±5.11abcd	58.08±5.12abc	24.22±2.21abcde	21.03±1.80ab
	N₂	77.09±6.38a	67.05±5.72ab	27.19±2.20ab	24.53±2.02a
	N₃	79.77±5.74a	68.13±5.30a	28.18±2.52a	24.85±1.86a
平均值 Average	D₁	46.58±4.12D	41.63±4.54C	16.71±1.64C	14.97±1.69C
	D₂	56.03±7.25C	53.09±7.28B	19.55±2.54B	18.93±2.56B
	D₃	66.90±8.52B	59.08±8.54A	23.66±3.23A	21.47±3.21A
	D₄	71.62±9.45A	60.61±9.06A	25.18±3.3A	22.02±3.41A
	N₀	51.89±8.15C	44.53±6.04C	18.15±2.69C	15.93±2.15C
	N₁	57.75±10.34B	51.25±7.66B	20.34±3.7B	18.52±2.92B
	N₂	65.42±12.06A	59.28±9.99A	23.21±4.11A	21.47±3.69A
	N₃	66.07±13.26A	59.34±10.47A	23.40±4.57A	21.47±3.87A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**
	NA	**	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	降水利用效率 Precipitation utilization efficiency		籽粒产量水分利用效率 Water use efficiency of grain yield		生物量水分利用效率 Water use efficiency of biomass
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	36.4±1.92j	36.4±2.12d	16.0±0.91f	15.8±0.69g	29.7±1.85e	29.7±1.51e
	N₁	39.0±2.93ij	41.1±2.60cd	17.7±0.98ef	17.7±0.76fg	32.6±2.35de	33.5±1.88de
	N₂	43.4±2.69ghij	46.2±3.24cd	18.9±1.18def	20.7±1.39def	34.1±2.68de	37.7±2.87cde
	N₃	43.1±3.22ghij	45.6±2.97cd	18.6±1.25def	20.0±1.13def	33.9±2.38de	37.0±2.92de
D₂	N₀	40.4±2.30hij	44.9±2.77cd	17.6±0.86ef	19.0±1.07efg	33.7±1.80de	35.9±1.60de
	N₁	44.2±3.29fghij	50.7±3.59bc	19.2±1.14def	21.3±1.16def	36.6±2.42de	40.5±2.88bcd
	N₂	52.9±3.21cdefg	59.1±4.70ab	22.3±1.52bcd	25.1±1.44abc	41.4±2.82bcd	47.6±3.73ab
	N₃	51.8±4.10defg	59.5±4.91ab	21.9±1.50bcd	25.4±1.53abc	40.7±2.81cd	48.0±3.69ab
D₃	N₀	47.9±3.70efghi	49.0±3.26bc	20.7±1.32cde	19.5±1.21ef	40.3±3.07cd	39.1±2.77bcde
	N₁	55.2±3.96bcdef	58.3±4.10ab	23.8±1.16abc	23.6±1.00bcd	45.7±3.55abc	46.6±3.33abc
	N₂	62.5±5.04abcd	68.1±6.22a	26.2±1.74a	27.9±1.72a	50.2±4.03a	55.6±5.04a
	N₃	63.5±5.71abc	67.5±6.14a	25.5±1.78ab	27.7±2.11a	49.3±4.17ab	55.1±4.28a
D₄	N₀	51.1±3.98efgh	49.9±3.65bc	19.6±1.16def	18.2±0.91efg	41.0±2.31bcd	39.2±2.73bcde
	N₁	58.6±4.53abcde	59.5±5.10ab	22.0±1.39bcd	21.8±1.44cde	46.6±3.70abc	46.8±4.03abc
	N₂	65.8±5.72ab	69.4±6.29a	24.3±1.66abc	25.8±1.65ab	50.5±3.99a	55.1±4.94a
	N₃	68.2±6.02a	70.3±5.78a	23.8±1.72abc	25.2±1.72abc	50.5±3.89a	54.6±4.48a
平均值 Average	D₁	40.5±3.86C	42.3±4.77C	17.8±1.48D	18.5±2.19C	32.6±2.68C	34.5±3.88C
	D₂	47.3±6.14B	53.5±7.30B	20.3±2.29C	22.7±3.01B	38.1±3.90B	43.0±5.94B
	D₃	57.3±7.70A	60.7±9.22A	24.1±2.57A	24.7±3.84A	46.4±5.16A	49.1±7.83A
	D₄	60.9±8.24A	62.3±9.77A	22.4±2.31B	22.7±3.40B	47.2±5.06A	48.9±7.67A
	N₀	43.9±6.67C	45.0±6.15C	18.5±2.09C	18.1±1.71C	36.2±5.29C	36.0±4.44C
	N₁	49.2±8.91B	52.4±8.36B	20.7±2.67B	21.1±2.43B	40.4±6.77B	41.8±6.29B
	N₂	56.2±9.86A	60.7±10.64A	22.9±3.11A	24.9±3.06A	44.0±7.71A	49.0±8.40A
	N₃	56.6±11.12A	60.7±10.91A	22.5±3.01A	24.6±3.27A	43.6±7.65A	48.7±8.30A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**	**	**
	NA	**	**	**	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	降水利用效率 Precipitation utilization efficiency		籽粒产量水分利用效率 Water use efficiency of grain yield		生物量水分利用效率 Water use efficiency of biomass
种植密度 Planting density	施氮水平 Nitrogen application	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
D₁	N₀	36.4±1.92j	36.4±2.12d	16.0±0.91f	15.8±0.69g	29.7±1.85e	29.7±1.51e
	N₁	39.0±2.93ij	41.1±2.60cd	17.7±0.98ef	17.7±0.76fg	32.6±2.35de	33.5±1.88de
	N₂	43.4±2.69ghij	46.2±3.24cd	18.9±1.18def	20.7±1.39def	34.1±2.68de	37.7±2.87cde
	N₃	43.1±3.22ghij	45.6±2.97cd	18.6±1.25def	20.0±1.13def	33.9±2.38de	37.0±2.92de
D₂	N₀	40.4±2.30hij	44.9±2.77cd	17.6±0.86ef	19.0±1.07efg	33.7±1.80de	35.9±1.60de
	N₁	44.2±3.29fghij	50.7±3.59bc	19.2±1.14def	21.3±1.16def	36.6±2.42de	40.5±2.88bcd
	N₂	52.9±3.21cdefg	59.1±4.70ab	22.3±1.52bcd	25.1±1.44abc	41.4±2.82bcd	47.6±3.73ab
	N₃	51.8±4.10defg	59.5±4.91ab	21.9±1.50bcd	25.4±1.53abc	40.7±2.81cd	48.0±3.69ab
D₃	N₀	47.9±3.70efghi	49.0±3.26bc	20.7±1.32cde	19.5±1.21ef	40.3±3.07cd	39.1±2.77bcde
	N₁	55.2±3.96bcdef	58.3±4.10ab	23.8±1.16abc	23.6±1.00bcd	45.7±3.55abc	46.6±3.33abc
	N₂	62.5±5.04abcd	68.1±6.22a	26.2±1.74a	27.9±1.72a	50.2±4.03a	55.6±5.04a
	N₃	63.5±5.71abc	67.5±6.14a	25.5±1.78ab	27.7±2.11a	49.3±4.17ab	55.1±4.28a
D₄	N₀	51.1±3.98efgh	49.9±3.65bc	19.6±1.16def	18.2±0.91efg	41.0±2.31bcd	39.2±2.73bcde
	N₁	58.6±4.53abcde	59.5±5.10ab	22.0±1.39bcd	21.8±1.44cde	46.6±3.70abc	46.8±4.03abc
	N₂	65.8±5.72ab	69.4±6.29a	24.3±1.66abc	25.8±1.65ab	50.5±3.99a	55.1±4.94a
	N₃	68.2±6.02a	70.3±5.78a	23.8±1.72abc	25.2±1.72abc	50.5±3.89a	54.6±4.48a
平均值 Average	D₁	40.5±3.86C	42.3±4.77C	17.8±1.48D	18.5±2.19C	32.6±2.68C	34.5±3.88C
	D₂	47.3±6.14B	53.5±7.30B	20.3±2.29C	22.7±3.01B	38.1±3.90B	43.0±5.94B
	D₃	57.3±7.70A	60.7±9.22A	24.1±2.57A	24.7±3.84A	46.4±5.16A	49.1±7.83A
	D₄	60.9±8.24A	62.3±9.77A	22.4±2.31B	22.7±3.40B	47.2±5.06A	48.9±7.67A
	N₀	43.9±6.67C	45.0±6.15C	18.5±2.09C	18.1±1.71C	36.2±5.29C	36.0±4.44C
	N₁	49.2±8.91B	52.4±8.36B	20.7±2.67B	21.1±2.43B	40.4±6.77B	41.8±6.29B
	N₂	56.2±9.86A	60.7±10.64A	22.9±3.11A	24.9±3.06A	44.0±7.71A	49.0±8.40A
	N₃	56.6±11.12A	60.7±10.91A	22.5±3.01A	24.6±3.27A	43.6±7.65A	48.7±8.30A
显著性 Significance	PD	**	**	**	**	**	**
	NA	**	**	**	**	**	**
	PD×NA	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns