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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 116-129.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022414

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

青藏高原高寒地区早熟燕麦资源筛选和适应性评价

任春燕(), 梁国玲(), 刘文辉, 刘凯强, 段嘉蕾   

  1. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-18 修回日期:2022-12-12 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 梁国玲
  • 作者简介:E-mail: qhliangguoling@163.com
    任春燕(1998-),女,甘肃静宁人,在读硕士。E-mail: cyren2021@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项“青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室”(2020-ZJ-Y03);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);“昆仑英才 乡村振兴人才”专项农业农村科技攻关团队资助

Screening and adaptability evaluation of early maturing oats in alpine regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Chun-yan REN(), Guo-ling LIANG(), Wen-hui LIU, Kai-qiang LIU, Jia-lei DUAN   

  1. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2022-10-18 Revised:2022-12-12 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Guo-ling LIANG

摘要:

为选育适应青藏高原高海拔地区高产优质的早熟燕麦品种,对西宁地区种植的595份燕麦资源进行熟性划分,筛选出22份产量优异的早熟燕麦资源,在海北和湟中2个试验点进行适应性评价,选择生产性能良好的早熟燕麦资源进行籽粒性状比较,为选育适宜青藏高原高寒地区种植推广的早熟燕麦提供了理论依据。结果表明:1)早熟燕麦主要是缩短了拔节期-孕穗期和开花期-完熟期的时间,从而缩短了整个生育期。中熟和晚熟燕麦资源干草产量表现较高,平均为4744.8和4999.9 kg·hm-2;而中熟燕麦资源平均种子产量表现最高,为3186.9 kg·hm-2。2)筛选的22份早熟燕麦资源中,平均饲草产量以海北试验点表现较高,为10209.5 kg·hm-2,平均种子产量以湟中试验点表现较高,为2640.6 kg·hm-2;海拔3100 m的海北试验点燕麦平均生育期较海拔2700 m的湟中试验点推迟15.3 d,生育期超过116 d不能在海北地区进行种子生产。3)湟中试验点燕麦种子萌发性能远高于海北试验点,其中青永久782、青永久797在2个试验点萌发性能均较好。综合评价燕麦生产性能和籽粒性状,青永久782、青永久797适宜在青海省环湖地区海拔3100 m左右的地区种植并能完成生育期,且饲草产量和种子产量明显优于现推广品种,可作为该区域的推荐品系。

关键词: 燕麦, 早熟, 生育期, 生产性能, 适应性

Abstract:

In order to select and breed early-maturing Avena sativa varieties with high yield and quality adapted to the high altitude region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 595 oat germplasm lines planted in the Xining area were classified for maturity twenty two early-maturing oat lines with excellent yield were selected and evaluated for adaptability in 2 experimental sites in Haibei and Huangzhong. Early maturing oat lines with good production performance were selected for grain trait comparison, providing a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding early-maturing oats suitable for planting and promotion in the high altitude region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was found that: 1) Early-maturing oats mainly have a shorter duration of stem elongation and post-flowering maturation growth stages, and thus the whole reproductive period is shortened. The average hay yield of mid-season maturing and late-season maturing oat lines was higher (4744.8 and 4999.9 kg·ha-1, respectively) while the average grain yield of mid-maturing oat lines was the highest (3186.9 kg·ha-1). 2) Among the 22 early-maturing oat resources screened, the average forage yield was higher at the Haibei test site (10209.5 kg·ha-1), and the average grain yield was higher in the Huangzhong test site (2640.6 kg·ha-1). The average maturity date of oats at the Haibei test site at an altitude of 3100 m was 15.3 d later than at the Huangzhong test site at an altitude of 2700 m, and the maturation time of more than 116 d meant that the Haibei site could not be used for grain production. 3) The seed germination performance of oats grown at the Huangzhong test site was much higher than that of those grown at the Haibei test site. Lines QYJ 782 and QYJ 797 had good germination performance at both test sites. Based on multivariate analysis of oat yield and seed trait data, lines QYJ 782 and QYJ 797 are suitable for planting in the area surrounding lake in Qinghai province at an altitude of about 3100 m. They are able to mature successfully and forage yield and seed yield is significantly better than the currently promoted varieties. These lines can therefore be recommended for use in the region.

Key words: oats, early maturity, growth stage, production performance, adaptability