草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 38-52.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024207
张晓娟1,2(
), 魏娇娇3, 陈彩锦2, 李雪雪3, 马宏秀1, 李凯2, 陈永伟4, 孙权3(
)
收稿日期:2024-06-03
修回日期:2024-07-25
出版日期:2025-04-20
发布日期:2025-02-19
通讯作者:
孙权
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: sun_q@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Xiao-juan ZHANG1,2(
), Jiao-jiao WEI3, Cai-jin CHEN2, Xue-xue LI3, Hong-xiu MA1, Kai LI2, Yong-wei CHEN4, Quan SUN3(
)
Received:2024-06-03
Revised:2024-07-25
Online:2025-04-20
Published:2025-02-19
Contact:
Quan SUN
摘要:
为了缓解宁夏季节性青饲料短缺和氮肥施用过量等草畜发展不平衡现状。开展秋播饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种模式及其周年氮肥合理施用研究,采用单因素随机区组设计,以秋播饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统为研究对象,设置5个周年优化施氮量,均为纯氮水平(单位为kg?hm-2),分别为N1(0 kg?hm-2,CK)、N2(150 kg?hm-2)、N3(300 kg?hm-2)、N4(450 kg?hm-2)、N5(600 kg?hm-2),系统研究氮肥周年优化对复种系统生产性能、营养品质及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:氮肥周年优化施氮量对复种系统两种饲草株高、茎粗、SPAD值、干物质积累、产量和品质均有显著性影响。其中,两种饲草生长指标和干物质积累随着生育期的延长逐渐增大,小黑麦在开花期,青贮玉米在灌浆期各生长指标和干物质积累达到峰值,而随着施氮量的增加生长指标和干物质积累呈先升高后降低的趋势,但在N4水平时呈下降趋势,整体表现为N4>N5>N3>N2>N1;复种系统鲜草产量随着周年施氮量的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,N5水平时产量最大,为156.8 t?hm-2,比对照增产61.3%,干草产量随周年施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,N4水平时产量最大,为39.1 t?hm-2,比对照增产45.9%,农学利用效率最高为30.2%;复种系统鲜草产量与青贮玉米鲜草产量显著正相关,干草产量与小黑麦干草产量极显著正相关,复种系统氮素利用率与青贮玉米中性洗涤纤维(NDF)极显著正相关,与酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)显著正相关。优化施氮量对饲草营养品质有显著影响,N4水平下各营养指标表现最好,显著提高了饲用小黑麦、青贮玉米和复种系统粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量,其中,小黑麦、青贮玉米和复种系统CP含量比对照分别提高了33.7%、11.2%和31.8%,显著降低了ADF和NDF含量;经肥料效应方程模拟得出,宁夏引黄灌区饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米饲草复种系统最高产量施肥量为560 kg?hm-2,最佳经济效益施肥量为584 kg?hm-2,可为灌区饲草复种科学栽培提供理论依据。
张晓娟, 魏娇娇, 陈彩锦, 李雪雪, 马宏秀, 李凯, 陈永伟, 孙权. 氮肥周年优化对灌区饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(4): 38-52.
Xiao-juan ZHANG, Jiao-jiao WEI, Cai-jin CHEN, Xue-xue LI, Hong-xiu MA, Kai LI, Yong-wei CHEN, Quan SUN. Optimization of annual nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the productivity of a forage triticale-silage maize multiple cropping system in an irrigated area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 38-52.
土层 Soil depth (cm) | pH | 全盐 Total salt (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 8.50±0.02d | 0.88±0.03a | 6.18±0.13a | 0.71±0.11a | 0.25±0.04c | 28.19±5.18a | 21.46±0.35a | 67.11±0.00a |
| 20~40 | 8.50±0.01d | 0.77±0.02b | 5.67±0.04b | 0.68±0.01a | 0.25±0.07c | 23.95±1.75ab | 14.68±0.97b | 53.38±3.39b |
| 40~60 | 8.54±0.04c | 0.68±0.02c | 4.65±0.00c | 0.58±0.05b | 0.39±0.07bc | 21.16±0.35b | 12.96±0.45c | 38.51±0.02c |
| 60~80 | 8.70±0.02b | 0.66±0.01c | 4.74±0.12c | 0.56±0.02b | 0.49±0.04b | 11.27±0.70d | 12.43±0.24cd | 35.77±6.69c |
| 80~100 | 8.77±0.04a | 0.69±0.05c | 4.38±0.04d | 0.46±0.05c | 0.66±0.16a | 12.18±1.11c | 11.81±0.18d | 32.24±6.69d |
表1 土壤基本理化性质
Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil
土层 Soil depth (cm) | pH | 全盐 Total salt (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 8.50±0.02d | 0.88±0.03a | 6.18±0.13a | 0.71±0.11a | 0.25±0.04c | 28.19±5.18a | 21.46±0.35a | 67.11±0.00a |
| 20~40 | 8.50±0.01d | 0.77±0.02b | 5.67±0.04b | 0.68±0.01a | 0.25±0.07c | 23.95±1.75ab | 14.68±0.97b | 53.38±3.39b |
| 40~60 | 8.54±0.04c | 0.68±0.02c | 4.65±0.00c | 0.58±0.05b | 0.39±0.07bc | 21.16±0.35b | 12.96±0.45c | 38.51±0.02c |
| 60~80 | 8.70±0.02b | 0.66±0.01c | 4.74±0.12c | 0.56±0.02b | 0.49±0.04b | 11.27±0.70d | 12.43±0.24cd | 35.77±6.69c |
| 80~100 | 8.77±0.04a | 0.69±0.05c | 4.38±0.04d | 0.46±0.05c | 0.66±0.16a | 12.18±1.11c | 11.81±0.18d | 32.24±6.69d |
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 16.1±0.57c | 32.5±0.36e | 53.9±1.19d | 118.4±2.50d | 172.3±5.14b |
| N2 | 17.0±0.29a | 34.8±0.21d | 55.6±0.66c | 124.0±1.42c | 183.4±0.61a | |
| N3 | 16.7±0.38ab | 36.1±0.31c | 59.4±1.18b | 135.8±3.39b | 181.4±4.50ab | |
| N4 | 16.5±0.38bc | 37.4±0.83b | 56.8±1.67c | 133.5±2.01b | 189.4±5.78a | |
| N5 | 16.4±0.35bc | 38.2±0.49a | 62.1±0.65a | 140.7±1.18a | 181.8±8.17ab | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 57.1±1.43c | 152.9±1.75d | 252.4±0.37e | 268.8±1.55d | 245.6±0.38c |
| N2 | 64.7±1.15b | 163.9±1.07c | 257.6±0.36d | 276.0±1.67c | 271.6±1.67b | |
| N3 | 68.0±0.55b | 168.0±1.61c | 265.4±0.32c | 280.6±0.48c | 278.1±1.52b | |
| N4 | 67.8±0.55b | 198.9±1.95b | 283.3±0.26b | 305.7±0.23b | 279.4±1.52b | |
| N5 | 78.2±2.13a | 205.1±1.98a | 290.7±0.55a | 316.2±0.38a | 302.5±0.69a |
表2 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统生育期株高的影响
Table 2 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on plant height of forage multiple cropping system (cm)
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 16.1±0.57c | 32.5±0.36e | 53.9±1.19d | 118.4±2.50d | 172.3±5.14b |
| N2 | 17.0±0.29a | 34.8±0.21d | 55.6±0.66c | 124.0±1.42c | 183.4±0.61a | |
| N3 | 16.7±0.38ab | 36.1±0.31c | 59.4±1.18b | 135.8±3.39b | 181.4±4.50ab | |
| N4 | 16.5±0.38bc | 37.4±0.83b | 56.8±1.67c | 133.5±2.01b | 189.4±5.78a | |
| N5 | 16.4±0.35bc | 38.2±0.49a | 62.1±0.65a | 140.7±1.18a | 181.8±8.17ab | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 57.1±1.43c | 152.9±1.75d | 252.4±0.37e | 268.8±1.55d | 245.6±0.38c |
| N2 | 64.7±1.15b | 163.9±1.07c | 257.6±0.36d | 276.0±1.67c | 271.6±1.67b | |
| N3 | 68.0±0.55b | 168.0±1.61c | 265.4±0.32c | 280.6±0.48c | 278.1±1.52b | |
| N4 | 67.8±0.55b | 198.9±1.95b | 283.3±0.26b | 305.7±0.23b | 279.4±1.52b | |
| N5 | 78.2±2.13a | 205.1±1.98a | 290.7±0.55a | 316.2±0.38a | 302.5±0.69a |
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 2.76±0.37c | 3.33±0.53c | 4.87±0.33b | 4.54±0.32c | 5.25±0.05c |
| N2 | 3.59±0.41b | 4.38±0.15b | 5.85±0.69ab | 4.83±0.43bc | 5.38±0.18bc | |
| N3 | 3.37±0.26bc | 4.16±0.53bc | 5.53±0.15b | 5.14±0.34b | 5.64±0.11b | |
| N4 | 4.53±0.44a | 4.55±0.36a | 5.66±0.12b | 5.86±0.69a | 5.95±0.09a | |
| N5 | 3.57±0.29b | 4.43±0.39ab | 6.81±0.14a | 5.89±0.71a | 5.89±0.08a | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 10.73±0.35d | 11.64±0.33b | 25.43±0.33d | 21.87±0.11d | 30.47±0.63c |
| N2 | 11.29±0.16cd | 13.29±1.27ab | 26.98±0.06c | 26.60±0.21c | 31.51±0.27bc | |
| N3 | 12.19±0.36bc | 14.62±0.85ab | 27.80±0.15b | 28.47±0.11b | 31.83±0.14b | |
| N4 | 14.01±0.39a | 15.44±1.86a | 28.06±0.05b | 31.19±0.27a | 33.28±0.19a | |
| N5 | 13.19±0.54b | 15.18±1.86a | 29.32±0.22a | 31.48±0.18a | 33.41±0.29a |
表3 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统生育期茎粗的影响
Table 3 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on stem diameter in forage multiple cropping system (mm)
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 2.76±0.37c | 3.33±0.53c | 4.87±0.33b | 4.54±0.32c | 5.25±0.05c |
| N2 | 3.59±0.41b | 4.38±0.15b | 5.85±0.69ab | 4.83±0.43bc | 5.38±0.18bc | |
| N3 | 3.37±0.26bc | 4.16±0.53bc | 5.53±0.15b | 5.14±0.34b | 5.64±0.11b | |
| N4 | 4.53±0.44a | 4.55±0.36a | 5.66±0.12b | 5.86±0.69a | 5.95±0.09a | |
| N5 | 3.57±0.29b | 4.43±0.39ab | 6.81±0.14a | 5.89±0.71a | 5.89±0.08a | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 10.73±0.35d | 11.64±0.33b | 25.43±0.33d | 21.87±0.11d | 30.47±0.63c |
| N2 | 11.29±0.16cd | 13.29±1.27ab | 26.98±0.06c | 26.60±0.21c | 31.51±0.27bc | |
| N3 | 12.19±0.36bc | 14.62±0.85ab | 27.80±0.15b | 28.47±0.11b | 31.83±0.14b | |
| N4 | 14.01±0.39a | 15.44±1.86a | 28.06±0.05b | 31.19±0.27a | 33.28±0.19a | |
| N5 | 13.19±0.54b | 15.18±1.86a | 29.32±0.22a | 31.48±0.18a | 33.41±0.29a |
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | N1 | 39.7±3.41b | 47.6±0.61b | 51.1±1.58c | 50.2±2.71c | 51.5±4.70c |
| N2 | 43.5±6.14ab | 51.5±2.56a | 54.8±1.40b | 57.1±1.74a | 57.7±2.45b | |
| N3 | 45.0±3.76ab | 51.0±2.10a | 55.4±0.40ab | 53.9±1.17b | 58.3±1.83ab | |
| N4 | 48.2±5.55ab | 52.1±1.29a | 57.6±0.93a | 56.4±1.00ab | 59.0±1.78a | |
| N5 | 52.9±4.83a | 53.5±0.61a | 57.7±1.46a | 57.1±0.31a | 57.6±1.53b | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 41.0±1.24b | 41.2±0.42d | 51.6±0.58c | 47.9±1.44c | 48.1±1.25c |
| N2 | 44.1±0.52a | 43.6±0.42cd | 52.6±1.28bc | 52.2±3.01bc | 53.7±1.27b | |
| N3 | 45.1±0.95a | 46.2±1.10bc | 54.7±1.11ab | 54.5±2.54ab | 58.6±1.07a | |
| N4 | 45.5±0.93a | 49.3±1.09b | 55.1±0.91ab | 58.4±1.01a | 62.1±1.13a | |
| N5 | 45.8±1.07a | 55.4±1.72a | 56.3±0.72a | 57.6±0.92ab | 59.3±1.05a |
表4 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统生育期叶片SPAD值的影响
Table 4 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on leaf SPAD value of forage multiple cropping system
前茬饲草 Previous forage | 处理 Treatment | 返青期 Revival stage | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 开花期 Flowering stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | N1 | 39.7±3.41b | 47.6±0.61b | 51.1±1.58c | 50.2±2.71c | 51.5±4.70c |
| N2 | 43.5±6.14ab | 51.5±2.56a | 54.8±1.40b | 57.1±1.74a | 57.7±2.45b | |
| N3 | 45.0±3.76ab | 51.0±2.10a | 55.4±0.40ab | 53.9±1.17b | 58.3±1.83ab | |
| N4 | 48.2±5.55ab | 52.1±1.29a | 57.6±0.93a | 56.4±1.00ab | 59.0±1.78a | |
| N5 | 52.9±4.83a | 53.5±0.61a | 57.7±1.46a | 57.1±0.31a | 57.6±1.53b | |
后茬饲草 Post-crop forage | 处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄期 Tasseling stage | 吐丝期 Spinning stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 41.0±1.24b | 41.2±0.42d | 51.6±0.58c | 47.9±1.44c | 48.1±1.25c |
| N2 | 44.1±0.52a | 43.6±0.42cd | 52.6±1.28bc | 52.2±3.01bc | 53.7±1.27b | |
| N3 | 45.1±0.95a | 46.2±1.10bc | 54.7±1.11ab | 54.5±2.54ab | 58.6±1.07a | |
| N4 | 45.5±0.93a | 49.3±1.09b | 55.1±0.91ab | 58.4±1.01a | 62.1±1.13a | |
| N5 | 45.8±1.07a | 55.4±1.72a | 56.3±0.72a | 57.6±0.92ab | 59.3±1.05a |
图4 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统干物质积累的影响图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).
Fig. 4 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on dry matter accumulation in multiple cropping system
处理 Treatment | 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | 青贮玉米Silage maize | 复种系统Multiple cropping system | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | |
| N1 | 27.3±0.74d | 8.4±0.17c | 73.6±3.67c | 18.4±0.65c | 97.2±0.92d | 26.8±0.41c |
| N2 | 33.4±1.67cd | 9.7±0.53bc | 83.7±4.21ab | 21.1±0.76bc | 118.1±1.28c | 31.6±0.91bc |
| N3 | 42.9±2.71bc | 12.4±0.85ab | 85.3±2.29ab | 21.4±0.62b | 128.2±3.15b | 35.9±1.52b |
| N4 | 52.6±1.49a | 14.9±0.86a | 89.7±4.81a | 24.2±0.64a | 142.0±1.66b | 39.1±0.89a |
| N5 | 45.6±3.35ab | 14.3±0.21a | 95.4±4.86a | 23.6±0.72ab | 156.8±1.99a | 37.9±1.02ab |
表5 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统饲草产量的影响
Table 5 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on forage yield in multiple cropping system (t?hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | 青贮玉米Silage maize | 复种系统Multiple cropping system | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield | 干草产量 Hay yield | |
| N1 | 27.3±0.74d | 8.4±0.17c | 73.6±3.67c | 18.4±0.65c | 97.2±0.92d | 26.8±0.41c |
| N2 | 33.4±1.67cd | 9.7±0.53bc | 83.7±4.21ab | 21.1±0.76bc | 118.1±1.28c | 31.6±0.91bc |
| N3 | 42.9±2.71bc | 12.4±0.85ab | 85.3±2.29ab | 21.4±0.62b | 128.2±3.15b | 35.9±1.52b |
| N4 | 52.6±1.49a | 14.9±0.86a | 89.7±4.81a | 24.2±0.64a | 142.0±1.66b | 39.1±0.89a |
| N5 | 45.6±3.35ab | 14.3±0.21a | 95.4±4.86a | 23.6±0.72ab | 156.8±1.99a | 37.9±1.02ab |
处理 Treatment | 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | 青贮玉米Silage maize | 复种系统Multiple cropping system | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | |
| N2 | 15.5 | 17.3±0.20dD | 14.7 | 35.9±0.18aA | 17.9 | 31.9±0.28aA |
| N3 | 47.6 | 26.6±0.22bB | 16.3 | 20.1±0.14cC | 34.0 | 30.2±0.27bB |
| N4 | 77.4 | 28.8±0.26aA | 31.5 | 25.8±0.12bB | 45.9 | 27.3±0.24cC |
| N5 | 70.2 | 19.7±0.23cC | 26.1 | 17.3±0.20dD | 41.4 | 18.5±0.21dD |
表6 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统农学利用效率的影响
Table 6 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on agronomic utilization efficiency (AUE) of forage multiple cropping system (%)
处理 Treatment | 饲用小黑麦Feed triticale | 青贮玉米Silage maize | 复种系统Multiple cropping system | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | 增幅Amplify | 农学利用效率AUE | |
| N2 | 15.5 | 17.3±0.20dD | 14.7 | 35.9±0.18aA | 17.9 | 31.9±0.28aA |
| N3 | 47.6 | 26.6±0.22bB | 16.3 | 20.1±0.14cC | 34.0 | 30.2±0.27bB |
| N4 | 77.4 | 28.8±0.26aA | 31.5 | 25.8±0.12bB | 45.9 | 27.3±0.24cC |
| N5 | 70.2 | 19.7±0.23cC | 26.1 | 17.3±0.20dD | 41.4 | 18.5±0.21dD |
| 饲草作物Forage crop | 处理Treatment | 粗蛋白CP | 粗脂肪EE | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 中性洗涤纤维NDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 8.90±0.01d | 1.01±0.15d | 45.9±0.40a | 67.0±0.24a |
| N2 | 9.70±0.04c | 1.20±0.09c | 44.9±0.12ab | 65.9±0.15b | |
| N3 | 10.20±0.07b | 1.35±0.09b | 44.1±0.09b | 62.2±0.18c | |
| N4 | 11.90±0.08a | 1.46±0.02a | 39.6±0.57d | 57.7±0.21d | |
| N5 | 11.60±0.21a | 1.03±0.19d | 41.2±0.15c | 56.5±0.14e | |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 6.33±0.14b | 1.26±0.01b | 24.6±0.41a | 43.2±1.92a |
| N2 | 6.57±0.06ab | 1.39±0.02a | 24.5±0.07a | 43.1±0.17a | |
| N3 | 6.63±0.18ab | 1.32±0.01b | 23.1±0.36b | 42.6±1.04a | |
| N4 | 7.04±0.11a | 1.43±0.01a | 23.3±0.69ab | 41.9±0.45a | |
| N5 | 6.78±0.23ab | 1.31±0.04b | 22.9±0.27b | 37.3±1.12b | |
复种系统 Multiple cropping system | N1 | 8.04±0.07d | 1.17±0.03d | 38.6±0.45a | 58.5±0.68a |
| N2 | 8.35±0.06c | 1.19±0.02cd | 37.1±0.43b | 57.2±0.67b | |
| N3 | 8.29±0.07c | 1.21±0.01c | 35.4±0.40c | 53.3±0.60c | |
| N4 | 10.60±0.05a | 1.33±0.02b | 34.5±0.41d | 50.5±0.59d | |
| N5 | 10.30±0.06b | 1.37±0.02a | 35.2±0.42cd | 51.4±0.62d |
表7 氮肥周年优化对饲草复种系统饲草营养品质的影响
Table 7 Effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer optimization on nutrient quality of forage in multiple cropping system (%)
| 饲草作物Forage crop | 处理Treatment | 粗蛋白CP | 粗脂肪EE | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 中性洗涤纤维NDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
饲用小黑麦 Feed triticale | N1 | 8.90±0.01d | 1.01±0.15d | 45.9±0.40a | 67.0±0.24a |
| N2 | 9.70±0.04c | 1.20±0.09c | 44.9±0.12ab | 65.9±0.15b | |
| N3 | 10.20±0.07b | 1.35±0.09b | 44.1±0.09b | 62.2±0.18c | |
| N4 | 11.90±0.08a | 1.46±0.02a | 39.6±0.57d | 57.7±0.21d | |
| N5 | 11.60±0.21a | 1.03±0.19d | 41.2±0.15c | 56.5±0.14e | |
青贮玉米 Silage corn | N1 | 6.33±0.14b | 1.26±0.01b | 24.6±0.41a | 43.2±1.92a |
| N2 | 6.57±0.06ab | 1.39±0.02a | 24.5±0.07a | 43.1±0.17a | |
| N3 | 6.63±0.18ab | 1.32±0.01b | 23.1±0.36b | 42.6±1.04a | |
| N4 | 7.04±0.11a | 1.43±0.01a | 23.3±0.69ab | 41.9±0.45a | |
| N5 | 6.78±0.23ab | 1.31±0.04b | 22.9±0.27b | 37.3±1.12b | |
复种系统 Multiple cropping system | N1 | 8.04±0.07d | 1.17±0.03d | 38.6±0.45a | 58.5±0.68a |
| N2 | 8.35±0.06c | 1.19±0.02cd | 37.1±0.43b | 57.2±0.67b | |
| N3 | 8.29±0.07c | 1.21±0.01c | 35.4±0.40c | 53.3±0.60c | |
| N4 | 10.60±0.05a | 1.33±0.02b | 34.5±0.41d | 50.5±0.59d | |
| N5 | 10.30±0.06b | 1.37±0.02a | 35.2±0.42cd | 51.4±0.62d |
图5 周年施氮量与饲草生长、产量、品质及氮肥农学利用率的相关性分析*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; TPH: 小黑麦株高Plant height of triticale; TST: 小黑麦茎粗Stem diameter of triticale; TCP: 小黑麦粗蛋白Crude protein of triticale; TEE: 小黑麦粗脂肪Ether extract of triticale; TADF: 小黑麦酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber of triticale; TNDF: 小黑麦中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber of triticale; TFY: 小黑麦鲜草产量Fresh grass yield of triticale; THY: 小黑麦干草产量Hay grass yield of triticale; TAUE: 小黑麦农学利用效率Agronomic utilization efficiency of triticale; SPH: 青贮玉米株高Plant height of silage corn; SST: 青贮玉米茎粗Stem diameter of silage corn; SCP: 青贮玉米粗蛋白Crude protein of silage corn; SEE: 青贮玉米粗脂肪Ether extract of silage corn; SADF: 青贮玉米酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber of silage corn; SNDF: 青贮玉米中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber of silage corn; SFY: 青贮玉米鲜草产量Fresh grass yield of silage corn; SHY: 青贮玉米干草产量Hay grass yield of silage corn; SAUE: 青贮玉米农学利用效率Agronomic utilization efficiency of silage corn; MCSFY: 复种系统鲜草产量Fresh grass yield of multiple cropping system; MCSHY: 复种系统干草产量Hay grass yield of multiple cropping system; MCSAUE: 复种系统农学利用效率Agronomic utilization efficiency of multiple cropping system.
Fig.5 Correlation analysis of annual nitrogen application amount with forage growth, yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate
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