草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 12-21.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023207
索晓晶1(), 项磊1, 高贺1, 运向军2(), 哈斯巴根2, 吴金蕊2, 董文成1, 滑博伟1, 牟金燚1, 王琪2
收稿日期:
2023-06-23
修回日期:
2023-09-19
出版日期:
2024-04-20
发布日期:
2024-01-15
通讯作者:
运向军
作者简介:
E-mail: yunxiangjun@126.com基金资助:
Xiao-jing SUO1(), Lei XIANG1, He GAO1, Xiang-jun YUN2(), Ba-gen HASI2, Jin-rui WU2, Wen-cheng DONG1, Bo-wei HUA1, Jin-yi MOU1, Qi WANG2
Received:
2023-06-23
Revised:
2023-09-19
Online:
2024-04-20
Published:
2024-01-15
Contact:
Xiang-jun YUN
摘要:
探究不同利用方式对大针茅典型草原群落植被特征的影响,可为大针茅草原制定合理科学的利用制度提供理论依据。本试验将大针茅典型草原作为研究对象,基于入户调查在打草场、全年放牧及季节轮牧3种利用方式的草地上进行植物群落调查,计算重要值以及多样性指数,分析植物多样性与生物量的关系。结果表明:1)3种利用方式下大针茅草原的优势植物类群一致;2)3种利用方式下群落物种多样性无显著差异,但功能群的物种多样性差异显著,多年生禾草的物种多样性在打草场和季节轮牧下高于全年放牧,灌木半灌木的物种多样性则在全年放牧下高于打草场和季节轮牧;3)打草场和季节轮牧的地上现存量显著高于全年放牧,多年生禾草的相对地上现存量在打草场中高于季节轮牧,多年生杂类草则与之相反;4)在打草场和季节轮牧下,植物多样性与地上现存量呈显著正相关关系。综上,打草场和季节轮牧在维持较高的物种多样性的同时能保持较高的地上现存量,更加有利于大针茅草原的可持续利用,但两者维持生态系统功能的群落结构有所不同。
索晓晶, 项磊, 高贺, 运向军, 哈斯巴根, 吴金蕊, 董文成, 滑博伟, 牟金燚, 王琪. 不同利用方式对大针茅草原植被群落特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(4): 12-21.
Xiao-jing SUO, Lei XIANG, He GAO, Xiang-jun YUN, Ba-gen HASI, Jin-rui WU, Wen-cheng DONG, Bo-wei HUA, Jin-yi MOU, Qi WANG. Effects of different utilization methods on community characteristics of primary vegetation of Stipa grandis steppe, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 12-21.
功能群 FG | 物种 Species | 重要值IV (%) | 功能群FG | 物种 Species | 重要值IV (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | AG | SG | M | AG | SG | ||||
PG | 大针茅S. grandis | 20.40 | 15.57 | 12.92 | PF | 知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides | 6.08 | 7.20 | - |
克氏针茅S. krylovii | 16.29 | 10.85 | 14.28 | 芯芭Cymbaria dahurica | - | - | 1.84 | ||
糙隐子草C. squarrosa | 12.95 | 11.11 | 12.16 | 糙苏Phlomoides umbrosa | - | 0.88 | - | ||
羊草L. chinensis | 15.13 | 17.66 | 16.42 | 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | - | - | 1.36 | ||
无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica | 3.45 | 5.16 | 3.69 | 长柱沙参Adenophora stenanthina | - | - | 2.56 | ||
米氏冰草Agropyron cristatum | 7.91 | 8.79 | 5.50 | 黄花葱Allium condensatum | - | - | 2.99 | ||
芸香草Cymbopogon distans | 1.39 | 1.10 | 1.55 | 乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula | - | - | 2.19 | ||
羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum | 8.37 | 6.20 | 5.35 | SS | 狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla | 3.44 | 4.77 | 4.28 | |
芨芨草Neotrinia splendens | - | 11.17 | - | 木地肤Bassia prostrata | 2.22 | 3.75 | 1.53 | ||
PF | 黄囊苔草Carex korshinskyi | 6.89 | 9.01 | 11.98 | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 1.35 | 6.53 | 3.97 | |
双齿葱Allium bidentatum | 2.34 | 4.42 | 3.74 | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 5.47 | 5.72 | 2.73 | ||
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 3.00 | 6.16 | 5.53 | 小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla | 3.85 | - | - | ||
黄蒿Artemisia scoparia | 5.29 | 4.24 | 5.47 | AB | 刺穗藜Chenopodium aristatum | 3.32 | 2.92 | 3.38 | |
野葱Allium chrysanthum | 2.43 | 4.27 | 3.15 | 灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 5.09 | 2.21 | 1.28 | ||
独行菜Lepidium apetalum | 2.64 | 1.96 | 3.21 | 猪毛菜Salsola collina | 2.21 | 1.98 | 2.59 | ||
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 3.63 | 2.01 | 1.75 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 3.68 | 7.38 | 2.57 | ||
细叶鸢尾Iris tenuifolia | 3.78 | 4.55 | 4.23 | 点地梅Androsace umbellata | 0.99 | 3.27 | 1.29 | ||
乳白花黄芪Astragalus galactites | 1.63 | 1.70 | 2.22 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 1.99 | 0.99 | 1.09 | ||
天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis | 2.14 | 1.60 | 1.96 | 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | 1.96 | 1.30 | 2.98 | ||
野韭Allium ramosum | 3.61 | 7.52 | 5.06 | 虎尾草Chloris virgata | 16.14 | 4.61 | 0.72 | ||
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 1.47 | 2.11 | 1.60 | 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 3.14 | 3.90 | 2.73 | ||
阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 2.91 | 5.20 | 2.11 | 栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata | 11.21 | 2.68 | 16.18 | ||
多根葱Allium polyrhizum | 0.99 | 6.11 | 7.41 | 燥原荠Stevenia canescens | 1.32 | 2.54 | 1.96 | ||
矮葱Allium amsopodium | 3.24 | 2.56 | 2.06 | 画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 2.67 | 7.98 | 7.72 | ||
并头黄芪Scutellaria scordifolia | 6.86 | 10.52 | 8.78 | 女蒌菜Silene aprica | 1.22 | 0.70 | 3.93 | ||
星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis | 1.13 | 2.28 | 1.13 | 花旗杆Dontostemon dentatus | - | - | 2.49 | ||
瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum | 1.90 | 4.46 | 1.14 | 沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum | - | 3.44 | 2.59 | ||
细叶葱Allium tenuissimum | 2.66 | 2.65 | 3.44 | 大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana | - | 1.78 | - | ||
麻花头Klasea centauroides | - | 4.08 | - | 草木樨Melilotus officinalis | 2.79 | 1.57 | - | ||
沙葱Allium mongolicum | - | 4.81 | 4.14 | 蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | - | 1.59 | - | ||
扁蓿豆Melissilus ruthenicus | - | 2.76 | - | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | - | 1.23 | 2.14 | ||
麻黄Ephedra sinica | - | 1.69 | - | 细叶苦荬菜Ixeris gracilias | - | 2.65 | - | ||
硬毛棘豆Oxytropis hirta | 2.18 | 1.55 | - | 轴藜Axyris amaranthoides | 6.89 | - | - | ||
多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla | 1.38 | - | 1.14 | 变蒿Artemisia commutata | - | - | 1.95 | ||
斜茎黄芪Astragalus laxmannii | - | 2.28 | - | 风毛菊Saussurea japonica | - | - | 2.52 | ||
狼毒Stellera chamaejasme | - | 2.35 | - | 苋菜Amaranthus tricolor | 1.38 | - | - | ||
菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | - | 0.45 | - | 碱地肤Kochia scoparia | 2.53 | - | - |
表1 不同利用方式对大针茅草原植物重要值的影响
Table 1 Effect of different utilization methods on the importance values of S. grandis steppe
功能群 FG | 物种 Species | 重要值IV (%) | 功能群FG | 物种 Species | 重要值IV (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | AG | SG | M | AG | SG | ||||
PG | 大针茅S. grandis | 20.40 | 15.57 | 12.92 | PF | 知母Anemarrhena asphodeloides | 6.08 | 7.20 | - |
克氏针茅S. krylovii | 16.29 | 10.85 | 14.28 | 芯芭Cymbaria dahurica | - | - | 1.84 | ||
糙隐子草C. squarrosa | 12.95 | 11.11 | 12.16 | 糙苏Phlomoides umbrosa | - | 0.88 | - | ||
羊草L. chinensis | 15.13 | 17.66 | 16.42 | 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | - | - | 1.36 | ||
无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica | 3.45 | 5.16 | 3.69 | 长柱沙参Adenophora stenanthina | - | - | 2.56 | ||
米氏冰草Agropyron cristatum | 7.91 | 8.79 | 5.50 | 黄花葱Allium condensatum | - | - | 2.99 | ||
芸香草Cymbopogon distans | 1.39 | 1.10 | 1.55 | 乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula | - | - | 2.19 | ||
羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum | 8.37 | 6.20 | 5.35 | SS | 狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla | 3.44 | 4.77 | 4.28 | |
芨芨草Neotrinia splendens | - | 11.17 | - | 木地肤Bassia prostrata | 2.22 | 3.75 | 1.53 | ||
PF | 黄囊苔草Carex korshinskyi | 6.89 | 9.01 | 11.98 | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 1.35 | 6.53 | 3.97 | |
双齿葱Allium bidentatum | 2.34 | 4.42 | 3.74 | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 5.47 | 5.72 | 2.73 | ||
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 3.00 | 6.16 | 5.53 | 小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla | 3.85 | - | - | ||
黄蒿Artemisia scoparia | 5.29 | 4.24 | 5.47 | AB | 刺穗藜Chenopodium aristatum | 3.32 | 2.92 | 3.38 | |
野葱Allium chrysanthum | 2.43 | 4.27 | 3.15 | 灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca | 5.09 | 2.21 | 1.28 | ||
独行菜Lepidium apetalum | 2.64 | 1.96 | 3.21 | 猪毛菜Salsola collina | 2.21 | 1.98 | 2.59 | ||
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 3.63 | 2.01 | 1.75 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 3.68 | 7.38 | 2.57 | ||
细叶鸢尾Iris tenuifolia | 3.78 | 4.55 | 4.23 | 点地梅Androsace umbellata | 0.99 | 3.27 | 1.29 | ||
乳白花黄芪Astragalus galactites | 1.63 | 1.70 | 2.22 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 1.99 | 0.99 | 1.09 | ||
天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis | 2.14 | 1.60 | 1.96 | 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum | 1.96 | 1.30 | 2.98 | ||
野韭Allium ramosum | 3.61 | 7.52 | 5.06 | 虎尾草Chloris virgata | 16.14 | 4.61 | 0.72 | ||
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 1.47 | 2.11 | 1.60 | 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 3.14 | 3.90 | 2.73 | ||
阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | 2.91 | 5.20 | 2.11 | 栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata | 11.21 | 2.68 | 16.18 | ||
多根葱Allium polyrhizum | 0.99 | 6.11 | 7.41 | 燥原荠Stevenia canescens | 1.32 | 2.54 | 1.96 | ||
矮葱Allium amsopodium | 3.24 | 2.56 | 2.06 | 画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | 2.67 | 7.98 | 7.72 | ||
并头黄芪Scutellaria scordifolia | 6.86 | 10.52 | 8.78 | 女蒌菜Silene aprica | 1.22 | 0.70 | 3.93 | ||
星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis | 1.13 | 2.28 | 1.13 | 花旗杆Dontostemon dentatus | - | - | 2.49 | ||
瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum | 1.90 | 4.46 | 1.14 | 沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum | - | 3.44 | 2.59 | ||
细叶葱Allium tenuissimum | 2.66 | 2.65 | 3.44 | 大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana | - | 1.78 | - | ||
麻花头Klasea centauroides | - | 4.08 | - | 草木樨Melilotus officinalis | 2.79 | 1.57 | - | ||
沙葱Allium mongolicum | - | 4.81 | 4.14 | 蒺藜Tribulus terrestris | - | 1.59 | - | ||
扁蓿豆Melissilus ruthenicus | - | 2.76 | - | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | - | 1.23 | 2.14 | ||
麻黄Ephedra sinica | - | 1.69 | - | 细叶苦荬菜Ixeris gracilias | - | 2.65 | - | ||
硬毛棘豆Oxytropis hirta | 2.18 | 1.55 | - | 轴藜Axyris amaranthoides | 6.89 | - | - | ||
多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla | 1.38 | - | 1.14 | 变蒿Artemisia commutata | - | - | 1.95 | ||
斜茎黄芪Astragalus laxmannii | - | 2.28 | - | 风毛菊Saussurea japonica | - | - | 2.52 | ||
狼毒Stellera chamaejasme | - | 2.35 | - | 苋菜Amaranthus tricolor | 1.38 | - | - | ||
菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | - | 0.45 | - | 碱地肤Kochia scoparia | 2.53 | - | - |
图1 不同利用方式对群落物种多样性的影响不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著,下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.1 Effect of different use patterns on community species diversity
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