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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 13-27.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024306

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

三江源国家公园黄河源园区高寒草地健康评价

朱炳淑1,2(), 樊江文1(), 张海燕1, 黄麟1, 田海静3, 王林3, 王守兴4, 杨明新4, 郭炎明1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京 100101
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院(国家林业和草原局草原资源监测中心),北京 100714
    4.中国地质调查局西宁自然资源综合调查中心,青海 西宁 810000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31 修回日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 樊江文
  • 作者简介:E-mail: fanjw@igsnrr.ac.cn
    朱炳淑(2001-),女,天津人,在读博士。E-mail: zhubingshu4728@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0608);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300501);中国地质调查项目(DD20220959);中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心区创基金项目(QCJJ2022-9)

Grassland health assessment of alpine grassland in the Yellow River Source Park of Three-Rivers Headwaters National Park

Bing-shu ZHU1,2(), Jiang-wen FAN1(), Hai-yan ZHANG1, Lin HUANG1, Hai-jing TIAN3, Lin WANG3, Shou-xing WANG4, Ming-xin YANG4, Yan-ming GUO1,2   

  1. 1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100101,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning (Grassland Monitoring Center),National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
    4.Xining Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Xining 810000,China
  • Received:2024-07-31 Revised:2024-09-30 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-05-12
  • Contact: Jiang-wen FAN

摘要:

草地健康是草地生态系统完整性、稳定性和可持续发展程度的关键表征,近年来三江源国家公园黄河源园区对退化草地进行恢复治理,但对当前草地健康状况仍缺乏系统评估。本研究参考生态系统健康理论,解析草地健康概念,基于高寒草地特点,运用专家经验,构建综合反映草地健康整体状况的草地健康指数(grassland healthy index, GHI),包括植被状况、地表生物特征、生物多样性和牧草生产性能特征等,分区、分类、分型评价2022年黄河源园区高寒草地健康状态和等级。结果表明:1)高寒草原类和高寒草甸类草地在植被群落特征指数、地表特征指数、生物多样性指数和牧草生产性能指数等方面存在差异,尤以生物多样性指数差异最为明显。2)黄河源园区当前草地健康指数(64.98)整体呈亚健康状态,高寒草原类GHI(66.70)略高于高寒草甸类(62.30),高寒草原类下的早熟禾型与其他两种草地型均存在显著差异,但紫花针茅型与蒿型之间的差异不显著,高寒草甸类下各型存在显著差异。3)从功能分区来看,核心保护区草地健康指数(59.30)较一般控制区(69.50)更低,可能是生态本底脆弱、历史上长期过度放牧和区划变动等因素导致高寒草地尚未完全恢复。本研究可为三江源国家公园生态保护与区域高质量发展提供新的方法视角,同时可为提升自然保护地体系空间布局提供科学参考。

关键词: 健康评价, 草地健康指数, 理想参照系, 高寒草地, 三江源国家公园

Abstract:

Grassland health is a key indicator of the integrity, stability, and sustainability of grassland ecosystems. In recent years, conservation efforts in the Yellow River Source Park of Three-Rivers Headwaters National Park have restored degraded grasslands. However, a systematic assessment of the current grassland health status is still lacking. This study draws on ecosystem health theory to clarify the concept of grassland health. Based on the characteristics of alpine grasslands, and application of expert experience, a comprehensive grassland health index (GHI) was developed to reflect the overall grassland health status. The GHI includes indicators such as vegetation community, land surface characteristics, biodiversity, and forage performance. The health status and grades of alpine grasslands in the Yellow River Source Park in 2022 were assessed by zone, type, and class. The results show that: 1) Alpine steppe and alpine meadow differ in their vegetation community characteristic index (VCI), land surface characteristic index (LCI), biodiversity index (BDI), and forage production performance index (FPI), with the most significant difference observed in the BDI. 2) The overall GHI (64.98) of the Yellow River Source Park indicates a sub-healthy status, with the alpine steppe GHI (66.70) slightly higher than the alpine meadow GHI (62.30). The Poaannua alpine steppe has significant differences from other alpine steppe types, and there are also significant differences in GHI among the types of alpine meadow. 3) From the functional zoning perspective, the GHI of the core protected area (59.30) is lower than that of the general controlled area (69.50), likely due to fragile ecological conditions, historical long-term overgrazing, and the fact that newly designated core protected areas have yet to fully recover. This study provides a new methodological perspective for the ecological protection and future improvement of the conservation status of the Three-Rivers Headwaters National Park and provides a scientific criterion for improving the spatial layout of the natural reserve system.

Key words: health assessment, grassland healthy index, ideal reference, alpine grassland, Three-Rivers Headwaters National Park