镉污染土壤中水稻的镉富集特征和生长响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024348

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，土壤镉（Cd）污染问题日趋严重，给人类健康带来了极大的威胁。Cd污染土壤的修复和再利用成为亟待解决的环境问题。本研究以水稻为对象，设置不添加Cd（对照，CK），添加低Cd（0.5 mg·kg^-1）、中Cd（2.5 mg·kg^-1）和高Cd（10 mg·kg^-1）4种处理，解析Cd污染对水稻不同生长时期生理生化特性和Cd富集能力的影响。结果发现，中、高浓度Cd污染显著降低了水稻地上部生物量，成熟期水稻叶绿素含量随着Cd浓度升高显著下降了30.73%~77.64%，低浓度Cd污染使分蘖期水稻脯氨酸含量较对照显著增加45.11%，Cd污染使抽穗期水稻脯氨酸含量显著降低了33.75%~61.10%。各处理成熟期水稻的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）（除低浓度Cd污染的POD）活性较对照显著增强。随Cd污染浓度的增加，水稻各部位Cd含量增加，成熟期水稻根、茎、叶、壳的Cd富集系数逐渐降低，水稻成熟期的土壤酸溶态Cd和可还原态Cd占比增加。水稻Cd含量、土壤不同Cd形态与脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD活性显著正相关，与叶绿素显著负相关。本研究可为Cd在水稻体内的富集和转运及Cd污染土壤的安全利用提供理论依据。

关键词: Cd污染土壤, 抗氧化酶, 渗透调节物质, 富集, 转运

Abstract:

In recent years， the problem of soil cadmium （Cd） pollution has become increasingly serious， posing great threat to human health. The remediation of Cd-contaminated soil has become an urgent environmental problem. In this study， rice （Oryza sativa） was used as the test plant， and four treatments were set up with no Cd （control， CK）， low Cd （0.5 mg·kg^-1）， medium Cd （2.5 mg·kg^-1） and high Cd （10 mg·kg^-1soil）. The effects of Cd pollution on physiological and biochemical characteristics and Cd levels of rice at different growth stages were investigated. It was found that the medium and high concentrations of Cd significantly decreased the aboveground biomass of rice， while the chlorophyll content of rice at maturity decreased by 30.73%-77.64% with exposure to increased Cd concentration. The low Cd concentration significantly （P<0.05） increased the proline content at tillering stage by 45.11% compared with the control， and Cd pollution significantly （P<0.05） reduced the proline content at heading stage by 33.75%-61.10%. For rice plants exposed to Cd at the mature stage， the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase （except the peroxidase activity at low Cd concentration） were significantly （P<0.05） increased， compared with the CK treatment. With increase in Cd concentration， the Cd content in all parts of the rice plants increased. However， at maturity the Cd enrichment coefficient in roots， stems， leaves and rice husk decreased gradually. Meanwhile， the proportion of acid-soluble Cd and reducible Cd fractions in the soil increased. There was a significant positive correlation between soil concentration of the different Cd species plant Cd content， plant proline content， and plant superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity. There was a significant negative correlation between Cd content and chlorophyll concentration. This study enhances understanding of the dynamics of Cd transfer from soil and accumulation in rice plants， and the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated soil.

Key words: cadmium-contaminated soil, antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment substances, enrichment, transport

卢天一, 艾艳梅, 汪洋, 那萌, 徐尚起, 周际海. 镉污染土壤中水稻的镉富集特征和生长响应[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(8): 66-78.

Tian-yi LU, Yan-mei AI, Yang WANG, Meng NA, Shang-qi XU, Ji-hai ZHOU. Cadmium enrichment characteristics and growth response of rice under excess cadmium stress in soil[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 66-78.

图/表 10

表1 供试土壤基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of test soil

有机质

Organic matter （g·kg^-1）

全氮

Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）

全磷

Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）

全钾

Total potassium （g·kg^-1）

镉

Cd （mg·kg^-1）

图1 镉对水稻株高和生物量的影响生物量为成熟期水稻生物量；不同小写字母表示相同生长时期不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05），不同大写字母表示不同生长时期相同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。Biomass is the biomass of rice at mature stage. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same growth stage （P<0.05）， and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different growth stages at the same treatment （P<0.05）. The same below.

Fig.1 Effects of Cd on plant height and biomass of rice

图2 镉对水稻叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of Cd on chlorophyll content in rice

图3 镉对水稻脯氨酸含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of Cd on proline content in rice

图4 镉对水稻抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig.4 Effect of Cd on antioxidant enzyme activity in rice

图5 水稻各部位镉含量DW：干重Dry weight；不同小写字母表示水稻同一部位不同处理间差异显著Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same part of rice.

Fig.5 Cd content in different parts of rice

图6 水稻各部位镉含量的占比

Fig.6 Proportion of Cd content in different parts of rice

图7 水稻对镉的富集和转运系数图中以橙色为底的“-”表示该数据代表的水稻部位未检出Cd，记为0，相应的计算时作为被除数不成立，故记为缺失值。The “-” at the bottom of orange in the figure indicates that Cd is not detected in the rice part represented by the data， which is recorded as 0. The corresponding calculation is not valid as the dividend number， so it is recorded as missing value.

Fig.7 The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of Cd in rice

图8 土壤Cd形态占比

Fig.8 The proportion of soil Cd species

图9 镉含量和形态与水稻生长生理特性之间的相关性*： P<0.05； **： P<0.01.

Fig.9 Correlation between Cd content speices and physiological characteristics of rice

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