草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 62-72.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025021
刘晨旭1(
), 宋彦涛1(
), 孙磊2, 彭滔1, 乌云娜1
收稿日期:2025-01-20
修回日期:2025-03-17
出版日期:2025-12-20
发布日期:2025-10-20
通讯作者:
宋彦涛
作者简介:E-mail: yantaosong@dlnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Chen-xu LIU1(
), Yan-tao SONG1(
), Lei SUN2, Tao PENG1, Wuyunna1
Received:2025-01-20
Revised:2025-03-17
Online:2025-12-20
Published:2025-10-20
Contact:
Yan-tao SONG
摘要:
围封是恢复退化草原生态系统的有效措施之一。为探寻围封对草原植物群落的影响,本研究在那曲市班戈县,以羌塘草原围封区域为研究对象,选取围封5、9、13、17以及21年样地,对照为各围封年限样地围栏外自由放牧样地。通过方差分析、回归分析和相关性分析研究两种土地利用方式对植物群落特征、植物群落多样性以及两者间关系的影响。结果表明:围封增加了优势种紫花针茅的重要值,围封不同年限后地上生物量、盖度、高度和密度均有不同程度的提高,其中在围封9、21年后围栏内显著高于围栏外(P<0.05)。围封9年后,围栏内α多样性指数显著低于围栏外(P<0.05)。并且围封后,地上生物量和植物群落多样性的关系发生改变,围栏外地上生物量和植物群落多样性的关系呈正相关趋势,但并不显著(P>0.05),而围栏内二者的关系呈显著的负相关趋势(P<0.05)。综上所述:羌塘草原围封9年左右是较为合理的时间,而围封后,根据“质量比假说”优势种(紫花针茅)地上生物量的增加是影响地上生物量和植物群落多样性关系的关键因子。
刘晨旭, 宋彦涛, 孙磊, 彭滔, 乌云娜. 围封改变了羌塘草原植物群落多样性和地上生物量间的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(12): 62-72.
Chen-xu LIU, Yan-tao SONG, Lei SUN, Tao PENG, Wuyunna. Grazing exclusion modifies the relationship between plant community diversity and aboveground biomass in the Qiangtang grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(12): 62-72.
样地 Plot | 围封年限 Exclosure period (a) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 嘎凉村Galiang Village | 5 | 89°36′23″ | 31°10′25″ | 4840 |
| 杂空组Zakongzu | 9 | 90°59′08″ | 30°59′07″ | 4750 |
| 谢麦珠Xiemaizhu | 13 | 89°43′14″ | 31°47′05″ | 4600 |
| 那查玉Nachayu | 17 | 89°36′20″ | 31°56′45″ | 4580 |
| 果加村Guojia Village | 21 | 89°45′10″ | 31°10′20″ | 4590 |
表1 研究区概况
Table 1 Information of study area
样地 Plot | 围封年限 Exclosure period (a) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 嘎凉村Galiang Village | 5 | 89°36′23″ | 31°10′25″ | 4840 |
| 杂空组Zakongzu | 9 | 90°59′08″ | 30°59′07″ | 4750 |
| 谢麦珠Xiemaizhu | 13 | 89°43′14″ | 31°47′05″ | 4600 |
| 那查玉Nachayu | 17 | 89°36′20″ | 31°56′45″ | 4580 |
| 果加村Guojia Village | 21 | 89°45′10″ | 31°10′20″ | 4590 |
图 1 围封对优势种重要值的影响WF5, WF9, WF13, WF17, WF21分别为围封5, 9, 13, 17, 21年Enclosed for 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 years, respectively; FM5, FM9, FM13, FM17, FM21分别为放牧5, 9, 13, 17, 21年 Grazed for 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 years, respectively; SP: 紫花针茅S. purpurea; PM: 多裂叶委陵菜Potentilla multifida; CM: 青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii; ED: 披碱草Elymus dahuricus; OX: 棘豆Oxytropis; EB: 雪灵芝Eremogone brevipetala; LN: 矮火绒草Leontopodium nanum; AM: 昆仑蒿Artemisia manschanica; SC: 狼毒草Stellera chamaejasne; POA: 早熟禾Poa annua; AS: 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus; FO: 羊茅Festuca ovina; KR: 粗壮嵩草Kobresia robusta; STC: 西藏风毛菊Saussurea tibetica; 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of enclosure on important value of dominant species
| 项目Item | ET | EP | ET×EP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 地上生物量AGB | *** | *** | ** |
| 盖度Coverage | *** | *** | ns |
| 高度Height | * | ** | * |
| 密度Density | * | *** | ns |
| 多样性指数H | ns | * | ns |
| 优势度指数D | ns | * | ns |
| 丰富度指数Ma | ns | *** | ns |
| 均匀度指数J | ns | ** | ns |
表2 围封处理和围封年限双因素方差分析
Table 2 Two-way ANOVA for enclosure treatment and enclosure duration
| 项目Item | ET | EP | ET×EP |
|---|---|---|---|
| 地上生物量AGB | *** | *** | ** |
| 盖度Coverage | *** | *** | ns |
| 高度Height | * | ** | * |
| 密度Density | * | *** | ns |
| 多样性指数H | ns | * | ns |
| 优势度指数D | ns | * | ns |
| 丰富度指数Ma | ns | *** | ns |
| 均匀度指数J | ns | ** | ns |
图2 围封对地上生物量、盖度特征的影响不同大写字母表示两种不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示在同一处理下不同年限间差异显著(P<0.05),下同Different capital letters indicate significant differences between the two different treatments (P<0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different durations within the same treatment (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Effect of enclosure on aboveground biomass and coverage characteristics
项目 Item | 地上生物量 AGB | 地上生物量AGB | 盖度 Coverage | 高度 Height | 密度 Density | 丰富度 Ma | 优势度 D | 多样性 H | 均匀度 J | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAGB | NDAGB | |||||||||
| 地上生物量AGB | 0.88*** | 0.26 | 0.82*** | 0.18 | 0.80*** | -0.43 | -0.74** | -0.72** | -0.69** | |
| DAGB | 0.81*** | -0.23 | 0.77*** | 0.29 | 0.87*** | -0.58* | -0.84*** | -0.78*** | -0.82*** | |
| NDAGB | 0.31 | -0.18 | 0.11 | -0.22 | -0.13 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.26 | |
| 盖度Coverage | 0.57* | 0.38 | 0.20 | -0.14 | 0.74** | -0.56* | -0.70** | -0.65** | -0.72** | |
| 高度Height | -0.46 | -0.27 | -0.30 | -0.55* | 0.08 | -0.06 | -0.37 | -0.36 | -0.21 | |
| 密度Density | 0.80*** | 0.85*** | -0.21 | 0.58* | -0.36 | -0.61* | -0.81*** | -0.80*** | -0.85*** | |
| 丰富度Ma | 0.00 | 0.27 | -0.23 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.58* | |
| 优势度D | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.77*** | 0.97*** | 0.92*** | |
| 多样性H | 0.31 | 0.51 | -0.05 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.85*** | 0.98*** | 0.90*** | |
| 均匀度J | 0.04 | -0.06 | 0.36 | -0.05 | -0.30 | -0.19 | -0.10 | 0.03 | -0.04 | |
表3 植物群落特征与α多样性指数的相关性
Table 3 Correlation between plant community characteristics and alpha diversity index
项目 Item | 地上生物量 AGB | 地上生物量AGB | 盖度 Coverage | 高度 Height | 密度 Density | 丰富度 Ma | 优势度 D | 多样性 H | 均匀度 J | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAGB | NDAGB | |||||||||
| 地上生物量AGB | 0.88*** | 0.26 | 0.82*** | 0.18 | 0.80*** | -0.43 | -0.74** | -0.72** | -0.69** | |
| DAGB | 0.81*** | -0.23 | 0.77*** | 0.29 | 0.87*** | -0.58* | -0.84*** | -0.78*** | -0.82*** | |
| NDAGB | 0.31 | -0.18 | 0.11 | -0.22 | -0.13 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.26 | |
| 盖度Coverage | 0.57* | 0.38 | 0.20 | -0.14 | 0.74** | -0.56* | -0.70** | -0.65** | -0.72** | |
| 高度Height | -0.46 | -0.27 | -0.30 | -0.55* | 0.08 | -0.06 | -0.37 | -0.36 | -0.21 | |
| 密度Density | 0.80*** | 0.85*** | -0.21 | 0.58* | -0.36 | -0.61* | -0.81*** | -0.80*** | -0.85*** | |
| 丰富度Ma | 0.00 | 0.27 | -0.23 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 0.58* | |
| 优势度D | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.77*** | 0.97*** | 0.92*** | |
| 多样性H | 0.31 | 0.51 | -0.05 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.85*** | 0.98*** | 0.90*** | |
| 均匀度J | 0.04 | -0.06 | 0.36 | -0.05 | -0.30 | -0.19 | -0.10 | 0.03 | -0.04 | |
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