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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 17-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023048

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期养分添加对西藏沼泽化高寒草甸地上生物量、植物多样性和功能性状的影响

周娟娟1,2(), 刘云飞1,2, 王敬龙1,2, 魏巍1,2()   

  1. 1.省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏 拉萨 850000
    2.西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14 修回日期:2023-04-03 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 魏巍
  • 作者简介:E-mail: weiweicc01@126.com
    周娟娟(1987-),女,甘肃天水人,硕士。E-mail: zhoujjcaoye@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202201ZY0014N);西藏自治区科技计划重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N)

Effect of short-term nutrient addition on aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and functional traits of swampy alpine meadow in Tibet

Juan-juan ZHOU1,2(), Yun-fei LIU1,2, Jing-long WANG1,2, Wei WEI1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China
    2.Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science,Lhasa 850000,China
  • Received:2023-02-14 Revised:2023-04-03 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Wei WEI

摘要:

N、P是植物生长发育的主要营养元素,养分添加对退化草地改良复壮起着关键作用。本研究以当雄县格达乡甲多村长期围封刈割的藏嵩草沼泽化草甸为研究对象,开展短期养分添加对地上生物量、植物多样性和功能性状的影响,明确植物多样性和群落水平功能性状对地上生物量变化的解释度。结果显示:N添加和N+P添加处理下,地上生物量至少增加39.3%和98.9%。N+P添加与单独N添加相比,显著增加了喜马拉雅嵩草、华扁穗草、禾草类群和杂类草类群的地上生物量(P<0.05);降低了藏嵩草的重要值,增加了喜马拉雅嵩草、早熟禾、鹅绒委陵菜、西藏报春的重要值。N+P添加显著提高了物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数;物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数与地上生物量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。养分添加增加了群落水平植株高度和氮含量(P<0.05),N+P添加显著增加群落水平叶片磷含量,增加了叶比重,降低了叶干物质含量;群落水平植株高度、叶片磷含量、叶片氮含量与地上生物量呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。最小二乘结构方程和方差分解结果显示,N添加对群落水平加权性状和地上生物量有显著的正向促进作用(P<0.05),P添加对群落水平加权性状、地上生物量和植物多样性有显著的正向促进作用(P<0.05),氮、磷共同决定了地上生物量的增加。群落水平植物功能性状和植物多样性对地上生物量的总解释度为81.3%,群落水平植物功能性状对地上生物量的解释度为78.5%,植物多样性的解释度为45.5%。综上,群落水平植物功能性状和植物多样性共同决定了高寒沼泽化草甸地上生物量对氮、磷养分添加的响应变化。施氮同时配施磷肥对草地增产和生物多样性维持均有积极作用。

关键词: 青藏高原, 氮磷添加, 沼泽化高寒草甸, 物种多样性, 功能性状, 地上生物量

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are major nutrients required for plant growth and development. The addition of nutrients plays a key role in the improvement and rejuvenation of degraded grassland. In this study, we investigated the effect of short-term nutrient addition on the aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and functional traits of swampy Kobresia littledalei alpine meadows, either under long-term enclosure or mowed conditions. The study site was located in Jiaduo village of Damxung County, and the study began in April 2019. We also aimed to clarify the contributions of plant diversity and community-level functional traits to changes in aboveground biomass. The experiment consisted of short-term nutrient addition with a control (no nutrient addition) and four treatments: low-level N, high-level N, low-level N+P, and high-level N+P. Fertilizer was added in mid-May and early July in 2019 and 2020. It was found that the aboveground hay yield was increased by at least 39.3% and 98.9% by the addition of N and N+P, respectively. The aboveground biomass of Kobresia royleanaBlysmus sinocompressus, grass groups, and forb groups significantly increased after adding N+P, significantly more so than after adding N separately (P<0.05). The importance value of K. littledalei decreased, while the importance values of K. royleanaPoa sp., Potentilla anserine, and Primula tibetica increased. The addition of N+P significantly increased the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson’s index. Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index showed highly significant positive correlations with aboveground biomass (P<0.01). Nutrient addition increased the plant height and N content at the community level (P<0.05), N+P addition significantly increased the leaf P content at the community level, increased leaf mass per unit area, and decreased leaf dry matter content. Plant height, leaf P content, and leaf N content were positively correlated with the aboveground biomass at the community level (P<0.01). The results of least squares structural equation and variance decomposition analyses showed that N addition had a significant positive effect on community-level weighted traits and aboveground biomass (P<0.05), while P addition had significant positive effects on community-level weighted traits, aboveground biomass, and plant diversity (P<0.05). The addition of N+P jointly determined the increase in aboveground biomass. The total contribution of plant functional traits and plant diversity to explanation of variation in aboveground biomass at the community level was 81.3%. The contribution of plant functional traits to explanation of variation in aboveground biomass at the community level was 78.5%, and that of plant diversity was 45.5%. In conclusion, plant functional traits and plant diversity jointly determined the response of aboveground biomass to N and P addition at the community level in swampy alpine meadow. The addition of N+P fertilizer had positive effects on the yield and biodiversity of alpine meadow grassland.

Key words: Tibetan plateau, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, swampy alpine meadows, species diversity, functional traits, aboveground biomass