草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 124-134.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025228
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
范菊凤1,2(
), 潘浪1, 彭德军1, 彭亚军2,4, 李巳夫2,4, 农成银1,2, 杜坚豪3, 刘祥英1, 马国兰1,2,4(
)
收稿日期:2025-06-09
修回日期:2025-08-15
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-02-07
通讯作者:
马国兰
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mglczq@163.com基金资助:
Ju-feng FAN1,2(
), Lang PAN1, De-jun PENG1, Ya-jun PENG2,4, Si-fu LI2,4, Cheng-yin NONG1,2, Jian-hao DU3, Xiang-ying LIU1, Guo-lan MA1,2,4(
)
Received:2025-06-09
Revised:2025-08-15
Online:2026-04-20
Published:2026-02-07
Contact:
Guo-lan MA
摘要:
为明确稻田稗草种群密度与水稻生长及产量损失的定量关系,构建其防除经济阈值模型,本研究通过盆栽与田间试验,系统分析0~25株·m-2稗草密度梯度对直播/机插水稻株型构建(株高、分蘖)及产量形成(有效穗数、实粒数、千粒重)的竞争效应。运用回归模型解析稗草密度-水稻产量损失的关系,基于作物参数构建防除阈值模型。盆栽试验显示:稗草密度≥7株·桶-1时,水稻株高抑制率达25.15%,分蘖衰减幅度达80.82%,呈现显著的密度胁迫效应;田间试验表明:稗草在25株·m-2密度下,直播与机插水稻株高分别降低15.27%和24.07%,有效穗数降幅为70%~80%,实粒数减少45.55%和52.80%,千粒重下降3.46%和3.86%,最终导致产量损失高达86.44%和89.40%;模型分析表明:直播水稻产量损失符合二次函数模型(y=1.0870x2+1.1526x-4.0842,R2=0.969),机插水稻呈线性响应(y=11.6774x-15.1928,R2=0.948),经校准后确定防除经济阈值分别为2.55和1.63株·m-2。稗草通过干扰水稻分蘖发生(抑制率>42%),进而影响穗部发育(有效穗降幅>70%),导致水稻严重减产。本研究建立的动态阈值模型为不同水稻栽培模式下稗草的精准防控提供了依据,揭示了直播和机插水稻对不同稗草密度胁迫的差异化响应,对构建精准杂草管理体系具有重要实践价值。
范菊凤, 潘浪, 彭德军, 彭亚军, 李巳夫, 农成银, 杜坚豪, 刘祥英, 马国兰. 稗草对水稻生长和产量性状的影响及其防除经济阈值研究[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(4): 124-134.
Ju-feng FAN, Lang PAN, De-jun PENG, Ya-jun PENG, Si-fu LI, Cheng-yin NONG, Jian-hao DU, Xiang-ying LIU, Guo-lan MA. Effects of barnyardgrass on rice growth and yield traits, and determination of its economic control threshold[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 124-134.
BD (plant·barrel-1) | PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 99.40±4.60aA | 0.00 | 24.33±4.51aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 93.97±3.93abAB | 5.47 | 15.00±3.00bB | 38.36 |
| 2 | 93.40±1.73abAB | 6.04 | 12.33±1.15bB | 49.32 |
| 3 | 89.30±3.56bcABC | 10.16 | 12.00±1.00bB | 50.68 |
| 4 | 88.17±6.43bcABC | 11.30 | 11.67±1.53bB | 52.05 |
| 5 | 83.37±3.37cdBCD | 16.13 | 6.33±1.53cC | 73.97 |
| 6 | 78.67±2.15deCD | 20.86 | 5.00±1.00cC | 79.45 |
| 7 | 74.40±7.92eD | 25.15 | 4.67±1.53cC | 80.82 |
表1 不同稗草密度对盆栽水稻生理性状的影响
Table 1 Effects of different densities of barnyardgrass on the growth characters of paddy rice
BD (plant·barrel-1) | PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 99.40±4.60aA | 0.00 | 24.33±4.51aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 93.97±3.93abAB | 5.47 | 15.00±3.00bB | 38.36 |
| 2 | 93.40±1.73abAB | 6.04 | 12.33±1.15bB | 49.32 |
| 3 | 89.30±3.56bcABC | 10.16 | 12.00±1.00bB | 50.68 |
| 4 | 88.17±6.43bcABC | 11.30 | 11.67±1.53bB | 52.05 |
| 5 | 83.37±3.37cdBCD | 16.13 | 6.33±1.53cC | 73.97 |
| 6 | 78.67±2.15deCD | 20.86 | 5.00±1.00cC | 79.45 |
| 7 | 74.40±7.92eD | 25.15 | 4.67±1.53cC | 80.82 |
| BD (plant·barrel-1) | EP (No.·barrel-1) | EPL (%) | FGPP | FGL (%) | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | TGWL (%) | 产量 Yield (g·barrel-1) | YL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 22.00±2.60aA | 0.00 | 117.33±10.26aA | 0.00 | 22.37±0.12aA | 0.00 | 43.43±1.80aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 10.67±2.50bB | 51.52 | 113.00±2.65abA | 3.69 | 22.20±0.26abAB | 0.75 | 28.07±2.08bB | 35.38 |
| 2 | 9.00±0.00bcB | 59.09 | 102.33±9.29bcAB | 12.78 | 22.10±0.10abcAB | 1.19 | 26.77±2.19bB | 38.37 |
| 3 | 8.33±3.00bcBC | 62.12 | 91.67±2.31cB | 21.88 | 21.97±0.31abcAB | 1.79 | 21.90±2.19cC | 49.58 |
| 4 | 6.33±1.50cdBCD | 71.21 | 88.67±10.26cB | 24.43 | 21.93±0.21abcAB | 1.94 | 20.07±1.53cdC | 53.80 |
| 5 | 6.00±1.00cdBCD | 72.73 | 55.00±9.85dC | 53.13 | 21.83±0.29bcAB | 2.38 | 17.50±1.65dCD | 59.71 |
| 6 | 4.00±0.00dCD | 81.82 | 49.00±6.56deC | 58.24 | 21.73±0.31bcAB | 2.83 | 13.77±1.71eDE | 68.30 |
| 7 | 3.33±0.50dD | 84.85 | 39.00±6.56eC | 66.76 | 21.67±0.31cB | 3.13 | 11.40±0.69eE | 73.75 |
表2 不同稗草密度对盆栽水稻产量性状的影响(水稻黄熟期)
Table 2 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on yield traits of potted rice (yellow ripening stage of rice)
| BD (plant·barrel-1) | EP (No.·barrel-1) | EPL (%) | FGPP | FGL (%) | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | TGWL (%) | 产量 Yield (g·barrel-1) | YL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 22.00±2.60aA | 0.00 | 117.33±10.26aA | 0.00 | 22.37±0.12aA | 0.00 | 43.43±1.80aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 10.67±2.50bB | 51.52 | 113.00±2.65abA | 3.69 | 22.20±0.26abAB | 0.75 | 28.07±2.08bB | 35.38 |
| 2 | 9.00±0.00bcB | 59.09 | 102.33±9.29bcAB | 12.78 | 22.10±0.10abcAB | 1.19 | 26.77±2.19bB | 38.37 |
| 3 | 8.33±3.00bcBC | 62.12 | 91.67±2.31cB | 21.88 | 21.97±0.31abcAB | 1.79 | 21.90±2.19cC | 49.58 |
| 4 | 6.33±1.50cdBCD | 71.21 | 88.67±10.26cB | 24.43 | 21.93±0.21abcAB | 1.94 | 20.07±1.53cdC | 53.80 |
| 5 | 6.00±1.00cdBCD | 72.73 | 55.00±9.85dC | 53.13 | 21.83±0.29bcAB | 2.38 | 17.50±1.65dCD | 59.71 |
| 6 | 4.00±0.00dCD | 81.82 | 49.00±6.56deC | 58.24 | 21.73±0.31bcAB | 2.83 | 13.77±1.71eDE | 68.30 |
| 7 | 3.33±0.50dD | 84.85 | 39.00±6.56eC | 66.76 | 21.67±0.31cB | 3.13 | 11.40±0.69eE | 73.75 |
图1 不同稗草密度对水稻产量的影响0、1、2、3、4、5、6和7表示每桶稗草种植的株数。0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the number of barnyard grass (E. crus-galli) plants per barrel.
Fig.1 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on rice yield
BD (plant·m-2) | 直播稻Direct seeding rice | 机插稻Machine transplanted rice | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR (%) | PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR(%) | |
| 0 | 114.50±0.79aA | 0.00 | 11.83±0.88aA | 0.00 | 115.83±3.37aA | 0.00 | 22.58±0.88aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 114.29±0.89aAB | 0.18 | 11.42±0.83aA | 3.52 | 115.27±0.59abA | 0.49 | 21.58±2.30aA | 4.43 |
| 3 | 110.96±0.39bB | 3.09 | 9.50±0.43bB | 19.72 | 113.31±0.34bA | 2.18 | 18.50±1.82bB | 18.08 |
| 5 | 105.28±0.65cC | 8.06 | 8.50±0.58cBC | 28.17 | 109.78±2.07cB | 5.23 | 18.00±1.96bBC | 20.30 |
| 7 | 104.08±0.83cdC | 9.10 | 8.25±0.42cdBC | 30.28 | 102.95±1.62dC | 11.12 | 16.00±0.98cBCD | 29.15 |
| 10 | 101.85±0.57dC | 11.05 | 7.50±0.58deCD | 36.62 | 102.73±0.40dC | 11.32 | 15.83±0.43cBCDE | 29.89 |
| 15 | 97.93±1.22eD | 14.48 | 7.42±0.17deCDE | 37.32 | 96.13±1.43eD | 17.01 | 15.17±1.17cdCDE | 32.84 |
| 20 | 97.58±4.41eD | 14.78 | 6.83±0.79efDE | 42.25 | 89.22±1.17fE | 22.98 | 13.50±0.79deDE | 40.22 |
| 25 | 97.02±1.56eD | 15.27 | 6.17±0.43fE | 47.89 | 87.95±1.31fE | 24.07 | 13.00±0.47eE | 42.44 |
表3 不同稗草密度对水稻株高和分蘖的影响(水稻黄熟期)
Table 3 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on the plant height and tillering in rice (yellow ripening stage of rice)
BD (plant·m-2) | 直播稻Direct seeding rice | 机插稻Machine transplanted rice | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR (%) | PH (cm) | PHIR (%) | 分蘖数 Tillers (No.·plant-1) | TRR(%) | |
| 0 | 114.50±0.79aA | 0.00 | 11.83±0.88aA | 0.00 | 115.83±3.37aA | 0.00 | 22.58±0.88aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 114.29±0.89aAB | 0.18 | 11.42±0.83aA | 3.52 | 115.27±0.59abA | 0.49 | 21.58±2.30aA | 4.43 |
| 3 | 110.96±0.39bB | 3.09 | 9.50±0.43bB | 19.72 | 113.31±0.34bA | 2.18 | 18.50±1.82bB | 18.08 |
| 5 | 105.28±0.65cC | 8.06 | 8.50±0.58cBC | 28.17 | 109.78±2.07cB | 5.23 | 18.00±1.96bBC | 20.30 |
| 7 | 104.08±0.83cdC | 9.10 | 8.25±0.42cdBC | 30.28 | 102.95±1.62dC | 11.12 | 16.00±0.98cBCD | 29.15 |
| 10 | 101.85±0.57dC | 11.05 | 7.50±0.58deCD | 36.62 | 102.73±0.40dC | 11.32 | 15.83±0.43cBCDE | 29.89 |
| 15 | 97.93±1.22eD | 14.48 | 7.42±0.17deCDE | 37.32 | 96.13±1.43eD | 17.01 | 15.17±1.17cdCDE | 32.84 |
| 20 | 97.58±4.41eD | 14.78 | 6.83±0.79efDE | 42.25 | 89.22±1.17fE | 22.98 | 13.50±0.79deDE | 40.22 |
| 25 | 97.02±1.56eD | 15.27 | 6.17±0.43fE | 47.89 | 87.95±1.31fE | 24.07 | 13.00±0.47eE | 42.44 |
图2 田间试验条件下不同稗草密度对直播水稻分蘖的影响0、1、3、5、7、10、15、20和25表示每m2稗草种植的株数。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 represent the number of barnyard grass (E. crus-galli) plants per square meter. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on the tillering ability of direct-seeded rice under field conditions
图3 田间试验条件下不同稗草密度对机插水稻分蘖的影响?
Fig.3 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on the tillering ability of machine-transplanted rice under field conditions
图5 田间试验条件下不同稗草密度对机插水稻株高的影响?
Fig.5 Effects of different E. crus-galli densities on the plant height of machine-transplanted rice under field conditions
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-2.4929x+117.2942 | 0.9065 | 329.6071 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-9.2619ln x+118.0041 | 0.8631 | 214.3747 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.1427x2-3.9198x+119.9101 | 0.9217 | 194.3272 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=118.4905x-0.0876 | 0.8528 | 197.0274 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=117.7808e-0.02371x | 0.9064 | 329.4231 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-3.8517x+122.9417 | 0.9419 | 551.5196 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-13.3398ln x+122.6582 | 0.7794 | 120.0925 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.2269x2-1.5827x+118.7819 | 0.9587 | 383.1219 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=124.0318x-0.1295 | 0.7585 | 106.7958 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=124.5920e-0.0377x | 0.9340 | 481.4081 | 0.000000 | ||
分蘖 Tillers | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.6931x+12.0671 | 0.8605 | 209.8028 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-2.6768ln x+12.4094 | 0.8855 | 262.8637 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0643x2-1.3361x+13.2460 | 0.8986 | 146.1762 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=12.8501x-0.2992 | 0.8641 | 216.2676 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=12.4998e -0.0796x | 0.8865 | 265.4327 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-1.1903x+23.0810 | 0.8360 | 173.3010 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-4.5383ln x+23.5850 | 0.8383 | 176.2773 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0838x2-2.0281x+24.6171 | 0.8573 | 99.0930 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=24.2179x-0.2565 | 0.8276 | 163.2003 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.7140e-0.0688x | 0.8623 | 212.9478 | 0.000000 |
表4 不同密度的稻田稗草与水稻株高和分蘖的回归分析
Table 4 Regression analysis between the different densities paddy fields of E. crus-galli and plant height, tillers of paddy rice
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-2.4929x+117.2942 | 0.9065 | 329.6071 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-9.2619ln x+118.0041 | 0.8631 | 214.3747 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.1427x2-3.9198x+119.9101 | 0.9217 | 194.3272 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=118.4905x-0.0876 | 0.8528 | 197.0274 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=117.7808e-0.02371x | 0.9064 | 329.4231 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-3.8517x+122.9417 | 0.9419 | 551.5196 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-13.3398ln x+122.6582 | 0.7794 | 120.0925 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.2269x2-1.5827x+118.7819 | 0.9587 | 383.1219 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=124.0318x-0.1295 | 0.7585 | 106.7958 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=124.5920e-0.0377x | 0.9340 | 481.4081 | 0.000000 | ||
分蘖 Tillers | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.6931x+12.0671 | 0.8605 | 209.8028 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-2.6768ln x+12.4094 | 0.8855 | 262.8637 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0643x2-1.3361x+13.2460 | 0.8986 | 146.1762 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=12.8501x-0.2992 | 0.8641 | 216.2676 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=12.4998e -0.0796x | 0.8865 | 265.4327 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-1.1903x+23.0810 | 0.8360 | 173.3010 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-4.5383ln x+23.5850 | 0.8383 | 176.2773 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0838x2-2.0281x+24.6171 | 0.8573 | 99.0930 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=24.2179x-0.2565 | 0.8276 | 163.2003 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.7140e-0.0688x | 0.8623 | 212.9478 | 0.000000 |
水稻类型 Rice type | BD (plant.·m-2) | EP (No.·m-2) | EPL (%) | FGPP | FGL (%) | 千粒重 TGW (g) | TGWL (%) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | YL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 0 | 293.33±9.24aA | 0.00 | 123.67±1.53aA | 0.00 | 23.13±0.32aA | 0.00 | 8395.34±281.60aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 290.00±19.29aA | 1.14 | 122.33±0.58aA | 1.08 | 22.97±0.23abAB | 0.72 | 8155.98±636.16abA | 2.85 | |
| 3 | 286.00±24.58aA | 2.50 | 119.33±5.13abAB | 3.50 | 22.90±0.20abAB | 1.01 | 7798.65±301.41bA | 7.11 | |
| 5 | 276.00±8.00abAB | 5.91 | 112.00±1.00bcABC | 9.43 | 22.73±0.15abcAB | 1.73 | 7029.43±133.81cB | 16.27 | |
| 7 | 254.67±8.33bB | 13.18 | 108.67±2.52cdBC | 12.13 | 22.70±0.10abcAB | 1.87 | 6282.25±101.52dB | 25.17 | |
| 10 | 180.00±10.58cC | 38.64 | 105.33±2.52cdCD | 14.82 | 22.57±0.15bcAB | 2.45 | 4280.30±258.10eC | 49.02 | |
| 15 | 170.67±12.86cC | 41.82 | 102.33±1.53deCD | 17.25 | 22.53±0.25bcAB | 2.59 | 3934.50±245.33eC | 53.13 | |
| 20 | 68.00±12.00dD | 76.82 | 96.00±7.55eD | 22.37 | 22.40±0.20cB | 3.17 | 1475.47±370.51fD | 82.43 | |
| 25 | 58.67±6.11dD | 80.00 | 67.33±9.71fE | 45.55 | 22.33±0.49cB | 3.46 | 890.09±220.24gD | 89.40 | |
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 0 | 280.00±2.00aA | 0.00 | 142.67±2.08aA | 0.00 | 23.30±0.30aA | 0.00 | 9293.75±60.41aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 271.00±2.65abA | 3.21 | 139.67±4.93aAB | 2.10 | 23.07±0.15abAB | 1.00 | 8752.01±333.58bAB | 5.83 | |
| 3 | 266.67±2.31bAB | 4.76 | 133.00±7.55abAB | 6.78 | 22.83±0.38bcAB | 2.00 | 8097.73±351.17cB | 12.87 | |
| 5 | 252.00±6.93cB | 10.00 | 124.67±6.66bcBC | 12.62 | 22.77±0.31bcAB | 2.29 | 7155.82±433.24dC | 23.00 | |
| 7 | 162.67±12.22dC | 41.90 | 113.67±9.07cdCD | 20.33 | 22.63±0.32bcB | 2.86 | 4177.39±295.15eD | 55.05 | |
| 10 | 138.67±9.02eD | 50.48 | 109.33±2.52dCD | 23.36 | 22.63±0.31bcB | 2.86 | 3429.57±147.20fE | 63.10 | |
| 15 | 118.67±8.08fE | 57.62 | 106.00±3.61deDE | 25.70 | 22.57±0.15cB | 3.15 | 2845.67±306.41gEF | 69.38 | |
| 20 | 116.00±6.93fE | 58.57 | 96.00±7.55eE | 32.71 | 22.40±0.10cB | 3.86 | 2502.94±335.46gF | 73.07 | |
| 25 | 84.00±6.93gF | 70.00 | 67.33±9.71fF | 52.80 | 22.40±0.10cB | 3.86 | 1259.84±118.08hG | 86.44 |
表5 不同密度的稻田稗草对水稻产量性状的影响
Table 5 Effect of different densities paddy fields of E. crus-galli on the yield characters of paddy rice
水稻类型 Rice type | BD (plant.·m-2) | EP (No.·m-2) | EPL (%) | FGPP | FGL (%) | 千粒重 TGW (g) | TGWL (%) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | YL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 0 | 293.33±9.24aA | 0.00 | 123.67±1.53aA | 0.00 | 23.13±0.32aA | 0.00 | 8395.34±281.60aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 290.00±19.29aA | 1.14 | 122.33±0.58aA | 1.08 | 22.97±0.23abAB | 0.72 | 8155.98±636.16abA | 2.85 | |
| 3 | 286.00±24.58aA | 2.50 | 119.33±5.13abAB | 3.50 | 22.90±0.20abAB | 1.01 | 7798.65±301.41bA | 7.11 | |
| 5 | 276.00±8.00abAB | 5.91 | 112.00±1.00bcABC | 9.43 | 22.73±0.15abcAB | 1.73 | 7029.43±133.81cB | 16.27 | |
| 7 | 254.67±8.33bB | 13.18 | 108.67±2.52cdBC | 12.13 | 22.70±0.10abcAB | 1.87 | 6282.25±101.52dB | 25.17 | |
| 10 | 180.00±10.58cC | 38.64 | 105.33±2.52cdCD | 14.82 | 22.57±0.15bcAB | 2.45 | 4280.30±258.10eC | 49.02 | |
| 15 | 170.67±12.86cC | 41.82 | 102.33±1.53deCD | 17.25 | 22.53±0.25bcAB | 2.59 | 3934.50±245.33eC | 53.13 | |
| 20 | 68.00±12.00dD | 76.82 | 96.00±7.55eD | 22.37 | 22.40±0.20cB | 3.17 | 1475.47±370.51fD | 82.43 | |
| 25 | 58.67±6.11dD | 80.00 | 67.33±9.71fE | 45.55 | 22.33±0.49cB | 3.46 | 890.09±220.24gD | 89.40 | |
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 0 | 280.00±2.00aA | 0.00 | 142.67±2.08aA | 0.00 | 23.30±0.30aA | 0.00 | 9293.75±60.41aA | 0.00 |
| 1 | 271.00±2.65abA | 3.21 | 139.67±4.93aAB | 2.10 | 23.07±0.15abAB | 1.00 | 8752.01±333.58bAB | 5.83 | |
| 3 | 266.67±2.31bAB | 4.76 | 133.00±7.55abAB | 6.78 | 22.83±0.38bcAB | 2.00 | 8097.73±351.17cB | 12.87 | |
| 5 | 252.00±6.93cB | 10.00 | 124.67±6.66bcBC | 12.62 | 22.77±0.31bcAB | 2.29 | 7155.82±433.24dC | 23.00 | |
| 7 | 162.67±12.22dC | 41.90 | 113.67±9.07cdCD | 20.33 | 22.63±0.32bcB | 2.86 | 4177.39±295.15eD | 55.05 | |
| 10 | 138.67±9.02eD | 50.48 | 109.33±2.52dCD | 23.36 | 22.63±0.31bcB | 2.86 | 3429.57±147.20fE | 63.10 | |
| 15 | 118.67±8.08fE | 57.62 | 106.00±3.61deDE | 25.70 | 22.57±0.15cB | 3.15 | 2845.67±306.41gEF | 69.38 | |
| 20 | 116.00±6.93fE | 58.57 | 96.00±7.55eE | 32.71 | 22.40±0.10cB | 3.86 | 2502.94±335.46gF | 73.07 | |
| 25 | 84.00±6.93gF | 70.00 | 67.33±9.71fF | 52.80 | 22.40±0.10cB | 3.86 | 1259.84±118.08hG | 86.44 |
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效穗数 Effective panicles | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-32.1889x+369.5370 | 0.8626 | 156.9669 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-105.7671ln x+359.0384 | 0.6424 | 44.9141 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-4.4769x2+12.5802x+287.4603 | 0.9483 | 219.9687 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=455.0518x-0.6495 | 0.5355 | 28.8182 | 0.000014 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=503.0577e-0.2048x | 0.7721 | 84.6898 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-27.6389x+325.9352 | 0.9199 | 287.2384 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-98.1748ln x+327.3870 | 0.8006 | 100.3905 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.0826x2-26.8128x+324.4206 | 0.9200 | 137.9534 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=376.9922x-0.5516 | 0.7580 | 78.3206 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=382.6598e-0.1599x | 0.9235 | 301.9913 | 0.000000 | ||
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-5.7500x+135.0833 | 0.7814 | 89.3715 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-19.2745ln x+133.7499 | 0.6057 | 38.3960 | 0.000002 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.8279x2+2.5292x+119.9048 | 0.8646 | 76.6105 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=138.0347x-0.1941 | 0.5132 | 26.3574 | 0.000026 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=140.8975e-0.0593x | 0.6950 | 56.9707 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-8.3611x+156.5093 | 0.8750 | 174.9495 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-28.9921ln x+155.9428 | 0.7257 | 66.1292 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.6858x2-1.5032x+143.9365 | 0.9052 | 114.5620 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=163.5621x-0.2662 | 0.6249 | 41.6496 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=166.2976e-0.0790x | 0.7988 | 99.2765 | 0.000000 | ||
千粒重 1000-grain weight | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.0967x+23.1796 | 0.5781 | 34.2530 | 0.000004 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-0.3611ln x+23.2099 | 0.5564 | 31.3624 | 0.000008 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0033x2-0.1299x+23.2405 | 0.5816 | 16.6792 | 0.000029 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=23.2126x-0.0159 | 0.5543 | 31.0888 | 0.000008 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.1828e-0.0043x | 0.5786 | 34.3271 | 0.000004 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.1044x+23.2556 | 0.5914 | 36.1894 | 0.000003 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-0.4115ln x+23.3186 | 0.6331 | 43.1415 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0110x2-0.2148x+23.4579 | 0.6253 | 20.0297 | 0.000008 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=23.3202x-0.0180 | 0.6315 | 42.8340 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.2567e-0.0046x | 0.5916 | 36.2200 | 0.000003 |
表6 不同密度稻田稗草与水稻有效穗数、每穗实粒数和千粒重的回归分析
Table 6 Regression of E. crus-galli density on effective panicles, filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight in rice
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效穗数 Effective panicles | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-32.1889x+369.5370 | 0.8626 | 156.9669 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-105.7671ln x+359.0384 | 0.6424 | 44.9141 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-4.4769x2+12.5802x+287.4603 | 0.9483 | 219.9687 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=455.0518x-0.6495 | 0.5355 | 28.8182 | 0.000014 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=503.0577e-0.2048x | 0.7721 | 84.6898 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-27.6389x+325.9352 | 0.9199 | 287.2384 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-98.1748ln x+327.3870 | 0.8006 | 100.3905 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.0826x2-26.8128x+324.4206 | 0.9200 | 137.9534 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=376.9922x-0.5516 | 0.7580 | 78.3206 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=382.6598e-0.1599x | 0.9235 | 301.9913 | 0.000000 | ||
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-5.7500x+135.0833 | 0.7814 | 89.3715 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-19.2745ln x+133.7499 | 0.6057 | 38.3960 | 0.000002 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.8279x2+2.5292x+119.9048 | 0.8646 | 76.6105 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=138.0347x-0.1941 | 0.5132 | 26.3574 | 0.000026 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=140.8975e-0.0593x | 0.6950 | 56.9707 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-8.3611x+156.5093 | 0.8750 | 174.9495 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-28.9921ln x+155.9428 | 0.7257 | 66.1292 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.6858x2-1.5032x+143.9365 | 0.9052 | 114.5620 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=163.5621x-0.2662 | 0.6249 | 41.6496 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=166.2976e-0.0790x | 0.7988 | 99.2765 | 0.000000 | ||
千粒重 1000-grain weight | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.0967x+23.1796 | 0.5781 | 34.2530 | 0.000004 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-0.3611ln x+23.2099 | 0.5564 | 31.3624 | 0.000008 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0033x2-0.1299x+23.2405 | 0.5816 | 16.6792 | 0.000029 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=23.2126x-0.0159 | 0.5543 | 31.0888 | 0.000008 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.1828e-0.0043x | 0.5786 | 34.3271 | 0.000004 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice | 直线Linear | y=-0.1044x+23.2556 | 0.5914 | 36.1894 | 0.000003 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-0.4115ln x+23.3186 | 0.6331 | 43.1415 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=0.0110x2-0.2148x+23.4579 | 0.6253 | 20.0297 | 0.000008 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=23.3202x-0.0180 | 0.6315 | 42.8340 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=23.2567e-0.0046x | 0.5916 | 36.2200 | 0.000003 |
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice (DSR) | 直线Linear | y=-1008.9996x+10405.2218 | 0.9327 | 346.4057 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-3429.7193ln x+10238.7434 | 0.7433 | 72.4033 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-91.3022x2-95.9771x+8731.3473 | 0.9719 | 414.9087 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=14587.7769x-0.8595 | 0.5638 | 32.3141 | 0.000006 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=16440.0966e-0.2684x | 0.7972 | 98.2734 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice (MTR) | 直线Linear | y=-1085.2206x+10705.5159 | 0.9476 | 452.4891 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-3944.4416ln x+10890.0866 | 0.8636 | 158.2312 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=25.1499x2-1336.7193x+11166.5968 | 0.9503 | 229.2323 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=14380.7476x-0.8355 | 0.7547 | 76.8962 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=14804.9488e-0.2435x | 0.9293 | 328.4764 | 0.000000 | ||
产量 损失率 Yield loss rate | 直播稻 DSR | 直线Linear | y=12.0229x-24.0132 | 0.9300 | 332.1073 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=40.8649ln x-22.0258 | 0.7411 | 71.5592 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=1.0870x2+1.1526x-4.0842 | 0.9690 | 375.3267 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 MTR | 直线Linear | y=11.6774x-15.1928 | 0.9478 | 453.5602 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=42.4448ln x-17.1801 | 0.8637 | 158.4245 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.2711x2+14.3881x-20.1622 | 0.9504 | 229.8447 | 0.000000 |
表 7 不同稗草密度与水稻产量及其损失的回归分析
Table 7 Regression analysis of E. crus-galli density on rice yield and yield loss
项目 Item | 水稻类型 Rice type | 拟合方式 Fit method | 回归模型 Regression model | R2 | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量 Yield | 直播稻 Direct seeding rice (DSR) | 直线Linear | y=-1008.9996x+10405.2218 | 0.9327 | 346.4057 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-3429.7193ln x+10238.7434 | 0.7433 | 72.4033 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-91.3022x2-95.9771x+8731.3473 | 0.9719 | 414.9087 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=14587.7769x-0.8595 | 0.5638 | 32.3141 | 0.000006 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=16440.0966e-0.2684x | 0.7972 | 98.2734 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 Machine transplanted rice (MTR) | 直线Linear | y=-1085.2206x+10705.5159 | 0.9476 | 452.4891 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=-3944.4416ln x+10890.0866 | 0.8636 | 158.2312 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=25.1499x2-1336.7193x+11166.5968 | 0.9503 | 229.2323 | 0.000000 | ||
| 幂函数Power | y=14380.7476x-0.8355 | 0.7547 | 76.8962 | 0.000000 | ||
| 指数Exponent | y=14804.9488e-0.2435x | 0.9293 | 328.4764 | 0.000000 | ||
产量 损失率 Yield loss rate | 直播稻 DSR | 直线Linear | y=12.0229x-24.0132 | 0.9300 | 332.1073 | 0.000000 |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=40.8649ln x-22.0258 | 0.7411 | 71.5592 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=1.0870x2+1.1526x-4.0842 | 0.9690 | 375.3267 | 0.000000 | ||
机插稻 MTR | 直线Linear | y=11.6774x-15.1928 | 0.9478 | 453.5602 | 0.000000 | |
| 对数Logarithmic | y=42.4448ln x-17.1801 | 0.8637 | 158.4245 | 0.000000 | ||
| 二次曲线Conic | y=-0.2711x2+14.3881x-20.1622 | 0.9504 | 229.8447 | 0.000000 |
防治措施 Control measure | 杂草防除费用Control cost (CNY·hm-2) | 防除效果 Control efficacy (%) | 经济危害允许水平 Economic injury level (%) | 经济阈值Economic threshold (plant·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直播化除Direct-seed herbicide | 1175 | 95 | 5.94 | 2.55 |
| 机插化除Mechanical transplanting herbicide | 855 | 95 | 3.91 | 1.63 |
表8 稗草的经济危害允许水平及经济阈值
Table 8 The economic infestation level and economic threshold of E. crus-galli
防治措施 Control measure | 杂草防除费用Control cost (CNY·hm-2) | 防除效果 Control efficacy (%) | 经济危害允许水平 Economic injury level (%) | 经济阈值Economic threshold (plant·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直播化除Direct-seed herbicide | 1175 | 95 | 5.94 | 2.55 |
| 机插化除Mechanical transplanting herbicide | 855 | 95 | 3.91 | 1.63 |
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