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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 54-65.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024320

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷配施对甘肃省武威灌区扁蓿豆种子产量和质量的影响

樊文娟(), 宋建超, 张小娟, 盛宇航, 史金涛, 张龙骥, 鱼小军()   

  1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,农业农村部饲草种质创新与新品种选育重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26 修回日期:2024-11-20 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 鱼小军
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yuxj@gsau.edu.cn
    樊文娟(1999-),女,甘肃陇西人,在读硕士。E-mail:2762454410@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)

The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on seed yield and quality of Medicago ruthenica in the Wuwei irrigation district, Gansu Province

Wen-juan FAN(), Jian-chao SONG, Xiao-juan ZHANG, Yu-hang SHENG, Jin-tao SHI, Long-ji ZHANG, Xiao-jun YU()   

  1. College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2024-08-26 Revised:2024-11-20 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-06-16
  • Contact: Xiao-jun YU

摘要:

为探明氮磷配施对扁蓿豆种子产量、产量构成因子及质量的影响,为种子生产提供技术支撑。在甘肃省武威灌区以陇中1号扁蓿豆为材料,采用双因素试验,设置4个氮肥水平0(N0)、47(N1)、94(N2)和141(N3) kg·hm-2,4个磷肥水平0(P0)、60(P1)、120(P2)和180(P3) kg·hm-2,研究了氮磷肥配施下播种当年扁蓿豆种子产量、产量构成因子及质量的变化特征。结果表明,每花序小花数、每结荚花序荚果数、每荚果种子数及千粒重是影响扁蓿豆种子产量的主要因素。单施氮肥或磷肥有一定的增产效果但不能充分发挥扁蓿豆种子的产量潜力,氮磷配施显著提高了扁蓿豆种子产量。当施肥量为N1P2时,实际种子产量最高,达844 kg·hm2。单施氮肥可以提升扁蓿豆种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数,但对发芽指数无显著影响;单施磷肥可提升扁蓿豆种子的发芽率,但对发芽势、活力指数和发芽指数有一定程度的抑制作用;施肥量为N1P2时可提高扁蓿豆种子品质。因此,在武威灌区扁蓿豆种子生产的播种当年,建议施肥量为47 kg N?hm-2、120 kg P2O5?hm-2

关键词: 武威灌区, 扁蓿豆, 氮磷配施, 种子品质, 种子产量, 产量构成因子

Abstract:

This research explored the effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on seed yield, yield components, and seed quality in Medicago ruthenica, in order to provide technical support for seed production. A two factor experiment was conducted in the Wuwei irrigation district of Gansu Province, using the M. ruthenica cultivar Longzhong No.1. The experiment comprised a factorial combination of four nitrogen fertilizer (N) levels: 0 (N0), 47 (N1), 94 (N2), and 141 (N3) kg·ha-1, and four phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) levels: 0 (P0), 60 (P1), 120 (P2) and 180 (P3) kg·ha-1. The changes in seed yield, yield components, and quality of M. ruthenica in the year of sowing under the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were studied. The results showed that the number of flowers per inflorescence, the number of pods per inflorescence, the number of seeds per pod and the thousand seed weight were the main factors affecting the seed yield of M. ruthenica. The application of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer alone increased seed yield to a certain extent, but could not fully exploit the seed yield potential of M. ruthenica; Nitrogen and phosphorus in combination significantly increased the yield of M. ruthenica. The highest actual seed yield of 844 kg?ha-1 was achieved under the fertilizer combination N1P2. Application of nitrogen fertilizer alone enhanced the germination vigor, germination rate, and vitality index of M. ruthenica seeds, while application of phosphorus fertilizer alone improved the germination rate of M. ruthenica seeds but had some degree of inhibitory effect on seed germination vigor, vitality index, and germination index. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus improved the seed quality of M. ruthenica. Therefore, while recognizing the data are specific to the Wuwei irrigation district in the year of sowing, for M. ruthenica seed production, the N1P2 fertilizer combination of 47 kg N·ha-1 and 120 kg P2O5·ha-1 is recommended.

Key words: Wuwei irrigation district, Medicago ruthenica, combined nitrogen and phosphorus application, seed quality, seed yield, yield components