草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 129-141.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025386
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
杨陶阳1,2(
), 苏日力格2,3, 乌日力格2,3, 姜娜2, 杨殿林2, 红梅4, 张海芳2(
), 赵建宁1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-09-23
修回日期:2025-11-27
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-07-27
通讯作者:
张海芳,赵建宁
作者简介:zhaojianning@caas.cn基金资助:
Tao-yang YANG1,2(
), Surilige2,3, Wurilige2,3, Na JIANG2, Dian-lin YANG2, Mei HONG4, Hai-fang ZHANG2(
), Jian-ning ZHAO1,2(
)
Received:2025-09-23
Revised:2025-11-27
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-07-27
Contact:
Hai-fang ZHANG,Jian-ning ZHAO
摘要:
狼毒大戟扩散蔓延是草地退化的典型标志,严重威胁草地生态功能与畜牧业可持续发展。为筛选可高效、安全防除狼毒大戟的除草剂,本研究以清水为对照(CK),选用7种除草剂,于狼毒大戟盛花期喷施,30 d后评估了防除效果,翌年返青期测定狼毒大戟的再生力,施药当年和翌年植物生长旺盛期调查植物群落特征,系统分析除草剂对植物群落结构、多样性和生产力的影响,以此评估施用除草剂对其他植物的安全性。结果表明:1)短期防效方面,三氯吡氧乙酸和草甘膦对狼毒大戟的株防效与鲜重防效均高达100%;相比之下,其余5种除草剂的株防效和鲜重防效均低于65%,防除效果不佳;2)持续抑制能力方面,三氯吡氧乙酸处理能完全抑制翌年狼毒大戟的萌发和生长,而翌年草甘膦处理区的狼毒大戟种群密度恢复至1.76株·m-2,地下休眠芽再生力强;3)三氯吡氧乙酸处理提升了莎草科和禾本科植物的重要值及生物量,施药当年群落Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别较CK显著提高7.6%和15.46%;至翌年,三氯吡氧乙酸处理区禾本科与莎草科生物量合计占比达88.77%,促进群落向禾本科-莎草科优势方向稳定演替,但多样性指数与对照无显著差异;4)草甘膦处理严重抑制了非靶标植物生长,导致杂类草、莎草科和禾本科植物的生物量较CK分别显著下降了86.05%、63.58%和90.80%;同时,物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数也分别显著下降了54.44%和20.58%;5)TOPSIS-多准则决策模型分析表明,三氯吡氧乙酸防除狼毒大戟兼具高效、可持续、对非靶标植物安全的优点,可在防除狼毒大戟的同时促进植物群落恢复,是治理狼毒大戟型退化草地的优选方案。
杨陶阳, 苏日力格, 乌日力格, 姜娜, 杨殿林, 红梅, 张海芳, 赵建宁. 狼毒大戟的化学防除效果及对其他植物群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(9): 129-141.
Tao-yang YANG, Surilige, Wurilige, Na JIANG, Dian-lin YANG, Mei HONG, Hai-fang ZHANG, Jian-ning ZHAO. Efficacy of chemical control on Euphorbia fischeriana and its effect on other plant communities[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 129-141.
处理 Treatment | 除草剂 Herbicides | 有效成分及剂型Active ingredient & formulation | 用量 Dosage | 适用场景 Recommended application | 传导类型 Conduction type | 作用机理 Mechanism of action | 生产厂家 Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 三氯吡氧乙酸 Triclopyr | 48%乳油48% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) | 4.20 L·hm-2 | 牧场;阔叶杂草Grazing land; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 科迪华农业科技有限责任公司Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H2 | 草甘膦 Glyphosate | 41%水剂41% aqueous solution (AS) | 4.60 L·hm-2 | 非耕地;阔叶杂草Non-arable land; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶抑制剂5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) inhibitors | 侨昌现代农业有限公司Qiaochang Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. |
| H3 | 苯磺隆 Tribenuron-methyl | 75%水分散粒剂75% water dispersible granule (WDG) | 16.00 g·hm-2 | 麦田;阔叶杂草Wheat field; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors | 山东胜邦绿野化学有限公司Shandong Shengbang Green Chemical Co., Ltd. |
| H4 | 氯氨吡啶酸 Aminopyralid | 21%水剂21% AS | 0.45 L·hm-2 | 草原;阔叶杂草Grassland; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 科迪华农业科技有限责任公司Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H5 | 氯氟吡氧乙酸Fluroxypyr | 20%乳油20% EC | 0.90 L·hm-2 | 草原;阔叶杂草Grassland; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 天津市华宇农药有限公司Tianjin Huayu Pesticide Co., Ltd. |
| H6 | 氟磺胺草醚Fomesafen | 25%水剂25% AS | 1.00 L·hm-2 | 大豆田;阔叶杂草Soybean field; broadleaf weeds | 触杀型Contact type | 原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors | 山东滨农科技有限公司Shandong Binnnong Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H7 | 乙羧氟草醚Fluoroglycofen-ethyl | 10%微乳剂10% micro-emulsion (ME) | 75.00 g·hm-2 | 大豆田;阔叶杂草Soybean field; broadleaf weeds | 触杀型Contact type | 原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂 PPO inhibitors | 河南瀚斯作物保护有限公司Henan Hansi Crop Protection Co., Ltd. |
| CK | 清水Clear water | 无Nothing | 450 L·hm-2 | 无Nothing | 无Nothing | 无Nothing | 无Nothing |
表1 试验处理概况
Table 1 Overview of the experimental treatments
处理 Treatment | 除草剂 Herbicides | 有效成分及剂型Active ingredient & formulation | 用量 Dosage | 适用场景 Recommended application | 传导类型 Conduction type | 作用机理 Mechanism of action | 生产厂家 Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 三氯吡氧乙酸 Triclopyr | 48%乳油48% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) | 4.20 L·hm-2 | 牧场;阔叶杂草Grazing land; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 科迪华农业科技有限责任公司Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H2 | 草甘膦 Glyphosate | 41%水剂41% aqueous solution (AS) | 4.60 L·hm-2 | 非耕地;阔叶杂草Non-arable land; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶抑制剂5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) inhibitors | 侨昌现代农业有限公司Qiaochang Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. |
| H3 | 苯磺隆 Tribenuron-methyl | 75%水分散粒剂75% water dispersible granule (WDG) | 16.00 g·hm-2 | 麦田;阔叶杂草Wheat field; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors | 山东胜邦绿野化学有限公司Shandong Shengbang Green Chemical Co., Ltd. |
| H4 | 氯氨吡啶酸 Aminopyralid | 21%水剂21% AS | 0.45 L·hm-2 | 草原;阔叶杂草Grassland; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 科迪华农业科技有限责任公司Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H5 | 氯氟吡氧乙酸Fluroxypyr | 20%乳油20% EC | 0.90 L·hm-2 | 草原;阔叶杂草Grassland; broadleaf weeds | 内吸传导型Systemic conduction type | 合成激素类 Synthetic auxin | 天津市华宇农药有限公司Tianjin Huayu Pesticide Co., Ltd. |
| H6 | 氟磺胺草醚Fomesafen | 25%水剂25% AS | 1.00 L·hm-2 | 大豆田;阔叶杂草Soybean field; broadleaf weeds | 触杀型Contact type | 原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors | 山东滨农科技有限公司Shandong Binnnong Technology Co., Ltd. |
| H7 | 乙羧氟草醚Fluoroglycofen-ethyl | 10%微乳剂10% micro-emulsion (ME) | 75.00 g·hm-2 | 大豆田;阔叶杂草Soybean field; broadleaf weeds | 触杀型Contact type | 原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂 PPO inhibitors | 河南瀚斯作物保护有限公司Henan Hansi Crop Protection Co., Ltd. |
| CK | 清水Clear water | 无Nothing | 450 L·hm-2 | 无Nothing | 无Nothing | 无Nothing | 无Nothing |
处理 Treatment | 药害级别 Injury level | 株防效 Plant control efficiency | 鲜重防效 Fresh weight control efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 5 | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a |
| H2 | 5 | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a |
| H3 | 3 | 63.00±4.32ab | 58.58±5.22ab |
| H4 | 2 | 15.28±1.54ab | 12.06±1.10ab |
| H5 | 2 | 18.36±3.44ab | 15.93±1.26ab |
| H6 | 1 | 7.70±1.43ab | 6.63±3.06ab |
| H7 | 1 | 5.23±2.57b | 3.31±0.59b |
表2 7种除草剂对狼毒大戟的株防效和鲜重防效
Table 2 Control effect of seven herbicides on plant and fresh weight control efficiency of E. fischeriana (%)
处理 Treatment | 药害级别 Injury level | 株防效 Plant control efficiency | 鲜重防效 Fresh weight control efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | 5 | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a |
| H2 | 5 | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a |
| H3 | 3 | 63.00±4.32ab | 58.58±5.22ab |
| H4 | 2 | 15.28±1.54ab | 12.06±1.10ab |
| H5 | 2 | 18.36±3.44ab | 15.93±1.26ab |
| H6 | 1 | 7.70±1.43ab | 6.63±3.06ab |
| H7 | 1 | 5.23±2.57b | 3.31±0.59b |
处理 Treatment | 密度 Density (plant·m-2) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 地下休眠芽 Root suckering bud (buds·plant-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 5.79±0.18a | 67.75±1.31a | 21.22±0.31a | 146.06±3.68a | 10.25±1.31a |
| H1 | 0.00±0.00e | 0.00±0.00f | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00b |
| H2 | 1.76±0.11d | 12.50±1.44e | 15.67±0.22c | 49.62±4.78c | 9.75±0.48a |
| H3 | 1.99±0.06d | 25.00±2.04d | 15.14±0.11c | 54.37±3.80c | 9.00±0.41a |
| H4 | 3.83±0.15b | 45.50±2.10b | 20.56±0.88ab | 89.31±2.88b | 9.75±0.85a |
| H5 | 3.30±0.12c | 36.25±3.15c | 19.74±0.48b | 75.59±2.92b | 9.75±0.85a |
| H6 | 5.48±0.25a | 62.50±3.23a | 20.38±0.48ab | 138.73±9.55a | 9.75±1.03a |
| H7 | 5.41±0.25a | 62.50±3.23a | 20.18±0.39ab | 140.82±5.90a | 10.25±0.85a |
表3 7种除草剂处理对狼毒大戟翌年生长的影响
Table 3 Effects of seven herbicide treatments on the growth of E. fischeriana in the following year
处理 Treatment | 密度 Density (plant·m-2) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 地下休眠芽 Root suckering bud (buds·plant-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 5.79±0.18a | 67.75±1.31a | 21.22±0.31a | 146.06±3.68a | 10.25±1.31a |
| H1 | 0.00±0.00e | 0.00±0.00f | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00b |
| H2 | 1.76±0.11d | 12.50±1.44e | 15.67±0.22c | 49.62±4.78c | 9.75±0.48a |
| H3 | 1.99±0.06d | 25.00±2.04d | 15.14±0.11c | 54.37±3.80c | 9.00±0.41a |
| H4 | 3.83±0.15b | 45.50±2.10b | 20.56±0.88ab | 89.31±2.88b | 9.75±0.85a |
| H5 | 3.30±0.12c | 36.25±3.15c | 19.74±0.48b | 75.59±2.92b | 9.75±0.85a |
| H6 | 5.48±0.25a | 62.50±3.23a | 20.38±0.48ab | 138.73±9.55a | 9.75±1.03a |
| H7 | 5.41±0.25a | 62.50±3.23a | 20.18±0.39ab | 140.82±5.90a | 10.25±0.85a |
科 Family | 植物物种名 Plant species name | 重要值Important values | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 当年Application year | 翌年Following year | ||||||||||
| CK | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | CK | H1 | ||
| 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | 34.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 27.40 | 30.92 | 30.29 | 32.95 | 33.80 | 27.76 | 0.00 |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 鸡冠茶Sibbaldianthe bifurca | - | 1.35 | 6.31 | - | 1.21 | 0.69 | 1.74 | 5.23 | 1.41 | 1.98 |
| 轮叶委陵菜Potentilla verticillaris | - | 0.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | 1.45 | 6.17 | 4.59 | 1.56 | 9.63 | 0.36 | 6.50 | 5.14 | 1.80 | ||
| 星毛委陵菜P. acaulis | 17.08 | 2.67 | 13.12 | 12.57 | 16.48 | 6.67 | 10.42 | 12.86 | 14.66 | - | |
| 耧斗菜叶绣线菊S. aquilegiifolia | 3.63 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.46 | - | 0.37 | - | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 麻花头K. centauroides | 1.67 | - | 6.43 | 0.88 | 3.97 | 4.25 | - | - | - | - |
| 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 1.43 | 3.92 | 2.26 | - | 2.76 | - | 8.24 | - | 2.21 | 2.45 | |
| 漏芦Rhaponticum uniflorum | 0.36 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.92 | 1.37 | - | 0.36 | |
| 鸦葱Scorzonera austriaca | 0.35 | 0.53 | - | 1.16 | - | - | 0.55 | - | 0.32 | ||
| 山柳菊Hieracium umbellatum | - | - | - | 0.96 | 2.69 | - | 0.89 | - | - | - | |
| 狗舌草Senecio campestris | - | - | - | - | - | 1.18 | - | 2.11 | 0.68 | 0.33 | |
| 火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides | 1.21 | - | - | 2.60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | - | 6.41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 唐松草Thalictrum aquilegiifolium | 0.38 | 2.05 | 12.45 | - | 6.36 | 1.99 | - | - | 0.30 | - |
| 棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala | - | - | 3.25 | - | - | 1.46 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.84 | |
| 细叶白头翁Pulsatilla turczaninovii | - | 15.34 | 4.70 | 0.87 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | |
| 鸢尾科Iridaceae | 囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa | - | 0.74 | - | 0.86 | - | - | - | 0.51 | - | - |
| 粗根鸢尾Iris tigridia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.43 | 0.78 | 0.32 | |
| 紫草科Boraginaceae | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | 0.37 | 0.79 | - | - | 0.63 | 4.29 | 0.92 | - | - | - |
| 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 山蚂蚱草Silene jenisseensis | 0.60 | 4.60 | - | 2.40 | - | - | 2.40 | - | - | - |
| 玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 婆婆纳V. incana | 2.38 | - | - | - | 0.53 | - | 0.67 | - | 2.53 | - |
| 百合科Liliaceae | 山韭Allium senescens | - | 0.71 | - | 2.39 | - | 0.57 | 0.40 | - | - | - |
| 十字花科Brassicaceae | 山菥蓂N. thlaspidioides | 3.35 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.83 | 0.66 | 1.15 | - |
| 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 野罂粟Oreomecon nudicaulis | 0.38 | - | - | 0.76 | - | - | 1.04 | 1.12 | - | 1.77 |
| 报春花科Primulaceae | 点地梅Androsace incana | 0.36 | - | - | - | - | 2.23 | 0.53 | 1.14 | - | - |
| 车前科Plantaginaceae | 车前Plantago asiatica | - | 1.26 | - | 1.60 | - | 1.59 | 0.35 | - | - | - |
| 茜草科Rubiaceae | 蓬子菜G. verum | 0.40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.10 | 1.14 | 1.07 |
| 伞形科Apiaceae | 北柴胡Bupleurum chinense | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.24 | - | - |
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 多裂叶荆芥Schizonepeta multifida | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.42 | - |
| 莎草科Cyperaceae | 寸草C. duriuscula | 15.98 | 25.67 | 42.80 | 22.61 | 21.35 | 22.16 | 25.10 | 12.80 | 17.03 | 21.17 |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 3.48 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.16 | - | - | |
| 禾本科Gramineae | 狼针草Stipa baicalensis | - | - | 2.10 | 3.67 | 1.63 | 4.73 | - | 1.45 | 1.92 | - |
| 冰草A. cristatum | 1.62 | 3.08 | - | 1.25 | 2.16 | 3.38 | - | 0.68 | - | 20.52 | |
| 草地早熟禾Poa pratensis | 1.10 | 1.96 | - | 4.32 | 1.88 | - | 5.57 | - | 2.84 | 17.42 | |
| 羊草Leymus chinensis | - | 7.83 | - | 2.42 | 0.84 | 0.51 | - | - | 3.24 | 14.56 | |
| 羽茅A. sibiricum | 2.98 | 9.11 | - | 5.50 | 3.46 | 3.05 | 1.65 | 2.75 | 3.68 | 9.02 | |
| 洽草Koeleria macrantha | 2.88 | - | - | - | 0.58 | - | 1.65 | 0.43 | 0.99 | - | |
| 画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.72 | 1.87 | |
| 豆科Leguminosae | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 0.36 | - | 1.97 | - | - | - | 0.46 | 1.19 | 4.74 | 3.51 |
| 小叶锦鸡儿C. microphylla | 1.17 | 4.85 | - | 4.22 | 2.56 | 1.32 | - | 1.36 | 0.92 | 0.32 | |
表4 喷施除草剂后草地植物群落物种组成及其重要值的变化
Table 4 Changes in species composition and importance values of the grassland plant community after herbicide application (%)
科 Family | 植物物种名 Plant species name | 重要值Important values | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 当年Application year | 翌年Following year | ||||||||||
| CK | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | H7 | CK | H1 | ||
| 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | 34.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 27.40 | 30.92 | 30.29 | 32.95 | 33.80 | 27.76 | 0.00 |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 鸡冠茶Sibbaldianthe bifurca | - | 1.35 | 6.31 | - | 1.21 | 0.69 | 1.74 | 5.23 | 1.41 | 1.98 |
| 轮叶委陵菜Potentilla verticillaris | - | 0.94 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | 1.45 | 6.17 | 4.59 | 1.56 | 9.63 | 0.36 | 6.50 | 5.14 | 1.80 | ||
| 星毛委陵菜P. acaulis | 17.08 | 2.67 | 13.12 | 12.57 | 16.48 | 6.67 | 10.42 | 12.86 | 14.66 | - | |
| 耧斗菜叶绣线菊S. aquilegiifolia | 3.63 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.46 | - | 0.37 | - | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 麻花头K. centauroides | 1.67 | - | 6.43 | 0.88 | 3.97 | 4.25 | - | - | - | - |
| 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 1.43 | 3.92 | 2.26 | - | 2.76 | - | 8.24 | - | 2.21 | 2.45 | |
| 漏芦Rhaponticum uniflorum | 0.36 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.92 | 1.37 | - | 0.36 | |
| 鸦葱Scorzonera austriaca | 0.35 | 0.53 | - | 1.16 | - | - | 0.55 | - | 0.32 | ||
| 山柳菊Hieracium umbellatum | - | - | - | 0.96 | 2.69 | - | 0.89 | - | - | - | |
| 狗舌草Senecio campestris | - | - | - | - | - | 1.18 | - | 2.11 | 0.68 | 0.33 | |
| 火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides | 1.21 | - | - | 2.60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | - | 6.41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 毛茛科Ranunculaceae | 唐松草Thalictrum aquilegiifolium | 0.38 | 2.05 | 12.45 | - | 6.36 | 1.99 | - | - | 0.30 | - |
| 棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala | - | - | 3.25 | - | - | 1.46 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.84 | |
| 细叶白头翁Pulsatilla turczaninovii | - | 15.34 | 4.70 | 0.87 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | |
| 鸢尾科Iridaceae | 囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa | - | 0.74 | - | 0.86 | - | - | - | 0.51 | - | - |
| 粗根鸢尾Iris tigridia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.43 | 0.78 | 0.32 | |
| 紫草科Boraginaceae | 鹤虱Lappula myosotis | 0.37 | 0.79 | - | - | 0.63 | 4.29 | 0.92 | - | - | - |
| 石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 山蚂蚱草Silene jenisseensis | 0.60 | 4.60 | - | 2.40 | - | - | 2.40 | - | - | - |
| 玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 婆婆纳V. incana | 2.38 | - | - | - | 0.53 | - | 0.67 | - | 2.53 | - |
| 百合科Liliaceae | 山韭Allium senescens | - | 0.71 | - | 2.39 | - | 0.57 | 0.40 | - | - | - |
| 十字花科Brassicaceae | 山菥蓂N. thlaspidioides | 3.35 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.83 | 0.66 | 1.15 | - |
| 罂粟科Papaveraceae | 野罂粟Oreomecon nudicaulis | 0.38 | - | - | 0.76 | - | - | 1.04 | 1.12 | - | 1.77 |
| 报春花科Primulaceae | 点地梅Androsace incana | 0.36 | - | - | - | - | 2.23 | 0.53 | 1.14 | - | - |
| 车前科Plantaginaceae | 车前Plantago asiatica | - | 1.26 | - | 1.60 | - | 1.59 | 0.35 | - | - | - |
| 茜草科Rubiaceae | 蓬子菜G. verum | 0.40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.10 | 1.14 | 1.07 |
| 伞形科Apiaceae | 北柴胡Bupleurum chinense | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.24 | - | - |
| 唇形科Lamiaceae | 多裂叶荆芥Schizonepeta multifida | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.42 | - |
| 莎草科Cyperaceae | 寸草C. duriuscula | 15.98 | 25.67 | 42.80 | 22.61 | 21.35 | 22.16 | 25.10 | 12.80 | 17.03 | 21.17 |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 3.48 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.16 | - | - | |
| 禾本科Gramineae | 狼针草Stipa baicalensis | - | - | 2.10 | 3.67 | 1.63 | 4.73 | - | 1.45 | 1.92 | - |
| 冰草A. cristatum | 1.62 | 3.08 | - | 1.25 | 2.16 | 3.38 | - | 0.68 | - | 20.52 | |
| 草地早熟禾Poa pratensis | 1.10 | 1.96 | - | 4.32 | 1.88 | - | 5.57 | - | 2.84 | 17.42 | |
| 羊草Leymus chinensis | - | 7.83 | - | 2.42 | 0.84 | 0.51 | - | - | 3.24 | 14.56 | |
| 羽茅A. sibiricum | 2.98 | 9.11 | - | 5.50 | 3.46 | 3.05 | 1.65 | 2.75 | 3.68 | 9.02 | |
| 洽草Koeleria macrantha | 2.88 | - | - | - | 0.58 | - | 1.65 | 0.43 | 0.99 | - | |
| 画眉草Eragrostis pilosa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.72 | 1.87 | |
| 豆科Leguminosae | 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor | 0.36 | - | 1.97 | - | - | - | 0.46 | 1.19 | 4.74 | 3.51 |
| 小叶锦鸡儿C. microphylla | 1.17 | 4.85 | - | 4.22 | 2.56 | 1.32 | - | 1.36 | 0.92 | 0.32 | |
图1 喷施除草剂后当年草地植物群落多样性的变化不同小写字母表示不同除草剂间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different herbicides at the 0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.1 Changes in diversity of the grassland plant community within the year after herbicide application
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