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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 113-128.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025408

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

基于灰色关联与DTOPSIS框架的贵州多生态区青贮玉米品种综合评价与筛选

彭诗雨1(), 莫启顺2, 刘琼波3, 冉艳琳4, 杨丰5, 牛丽丽1, 杨廷韬6, 陈志红7, 何胜江1, 陈超1, 李舟1()   

  1. 1.贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.天柱县农业农村局畜牧业发展中心,贵州 黔东南苗族侗族自治州 556600
    3.曲靖市饲草饲料工作站,云南 曲靖 655000
    4.毕节市饲草饲料站,贵州 毕节 551700
    5.贵州省草地技术试验推广站,贵州 贵阳 550025
    6.思南县农业农村局,贵州 铜仁 565100
    7.贵州省大田生态牧业开发有限公司,贵州 黔南布依族苗族自治州 551302
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 李舟
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: zli8@gzu.edu.cn
    彭诗雨(2001-),女,贵州贵阳人,在读硕士。E-mail: z1175507860@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32160337);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般473)和贵州省科协项目(贵州贵定青贮玉米科技小院)资助

Comprehensive evaluation and screening of silage maize varieties in multiple ecological regions of Guizhou Province based on grey relational analysis and a DTOPSIS framework

Shi-yu PENG1(), Qi-shun MO2, Qiong-bo LIU3, Yan-lin RAN4, Feng YANG5, Li-li NIU1, Ting-tao YANG6, Zhi-hong CHEN7, Sheng-jiang HE1, Chao CHEN1, Zhou LI1()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
    2.Tianzhu County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau Animal Husbandry Development Center,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture 556600,China
    3.Qujing Forage and Feed Work Station,Qujing 655000,China
    4.Bijie City Forage and Feed Station,Bijie 551700,China
    5.Guizhou Grassland Technology Experiment and Promotion Station,Guiyang 550025,China
    6.Sinan County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau,Tongren 565100,China
    7.Guizhou Datian Ecological Animal Husbandry Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 551302,China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-11-12 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-07-27
  • Contact: Zhou LI

摘要:

为应对贵州省内不同区域的显著气候异质性并解决优质饲草短缺问题,本研究旨在通过多环境测试(METs)和多标准决策(MCDM)模型,构建一个科学的品种评价体系,筛选出适宜于贵州不同生态区的优良品种。研究在贵州东部(思南)、中部(贵定)和西部(大方)3个典型生态区,对21个青贮玉米品种进行了随机区组试验,系统测定了鲜草产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白和相对饲用价值等10项关键指标,采用灰色关联度分析(GRA)探明影响品种表现的关键气象因子,并构建了熵权动态逼近理想解排序(DTOPSIS)模型对各品种在不同生态区的综合表现进行客观排序。研究发现,品种在不同位点的综合排序差异明显。灰色关联度分析表明,与传统温带地区不同,日平均降水量和日平均光合有效辐射是限制贵州青贮玉米干物质产量和粗蛋白含量的关键气象因子,关联系数分别为0.7429、0.6678。基于熵权DTOPSIS模型的综合评价,筛选出了适应不同生态区的最优品种:东部及中部暖湿地区(思南、贵定)表现较优的品种为豫青贮23、大京九4059和曲辰19号。西部相对冷凉地区(大方)则推荐京科青贮932、曲辰512和京九青贮16。本研究首次为贵州复杂山区的青贮玉米提供了基于基因型(G)×环境(E)互作和MCDM模型的区域化布局方案,为“粮改饲”政策的精准实施和区域草食畜牧业发展提供了关键的决策支持与理论依据。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 品种, 产量, 营养品质, 灰色关联度分析, 动态逼近理想解排序

Abstract:

To address the pronounced climatic heterogeneity within Guizhou Province and a scarcity of premium forage, this study aimed to construct a scientific cultivar evaluation framework utilizing multi-environment trials and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models. The objective was to identify cultivars optimally suited for the distinct ecological zones of the region. The investigation involved field trials of 21 silage maize (Zea mays) cultivars, conducted across three representative ecological zones of Guizhou-eastern (Sinan), central (Guiding), and western (Dafang)-using a randomized complete block design. Ten critical parameters, encompassing fresh yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, and relative feed value, were systematically assessed. Grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed to elucidate the key meteorological determinants influencing cultivar performance, and an entropy-weighted dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (DTOPSIS) model was constructed for the objective ranking of the overall performance of each cultivar within each ecological zone. The results revealed significant variations in the rankings of cultivars across the different trial sites. The GRA indicated that, in contrast to traditional temperate zones, daily average precipitation and daily average photosynthetically active radiation were the primary limiting meteorological factors constraining the dry matter yield and crude protein content of silage maize in Guizhou, exhibiting high relational degrees (0.7429 and 0.6678, respectively). The multivariate evaluation via the entropy-weighted DTOPSIS model facilitated the identification of cultivars adapted to specific ecological niches. For the warm and humid eastern and central regions (Sinan, Guiding), the better-performing cultivars were identified as Yu silage 23, Dajingjiu 4059, and Quchen No.19. By contrast, for the cooler western region (Dafang), Jingke silage 932, Quchen 512, and Jingjiu silage 16 were recommended. This study provides a novel, regionalized deployment strategy for silage maize in the complex mountainous terrain of Guizhou, grounded in genotype×environment (G×E) interaction analysis and MCDM modeling. It offers crucial decision-making support and a theoretical foundation for the precise implementation of the national “Grain-to-Fodder” policy and the sustainable development of the regional grass-feeding livestock industry.

Key words: silage maize, variety, yield, nutritional quality, grey relational analysis, dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution