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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 15-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025401

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

夏季覆盖种植对黄河三角洲盐碱农田土壤肥力的影响

张丁文1,2,7(), 李洋1, 李振恺1,2,7, 董世德1, 刘汉文1, 于春晓1, 温樱5, 陈英姿6, 王光美1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东 烟台 264003
    2.黄河三角洲盐碱地农田生态系统观测研究站,山东 东营 257300
    3.国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心,山东 东营 257347
    4.山东省黄河三角洲发展集团有限公司,山东 东营 257300
    5.烟台市福山区农业农村局,山东 烟台 265599
    6.黄河三角洲农业高新技术产业示范区科研和人才服务中心,山东 东营 257345
    7.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 王光美
  • 作者简介:E-mail: gmwang@yic.ac.cn
    张丁文(2001-),女,四川南充人,在读硕士。E-mail: zhangdingwen23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42407607);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QC148);山东省重点研发项目(2023TZXD087-1)

Effects of summer cover cropping on soil fertility in saline-alkali farmland of the Yellow River Delta

Ding-wen ZHANG1,2,7(), Yang LI1, Zhen-kai LI1,2,7, Shi-de DONG1, Han-wen LIU1, Chun-xiao YU1, Ying WEN5, Ying-zi Chen6, Guang-mei WANG1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China
    2.Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali Agro-ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Dongying 257300,China
    3.National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land,Dongying 257347,China
    4.Shandong Province Yellow River Delta Development Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Dongying 257300,China
    5.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Fushan District,Yantai 265599,China
    6.Scientific Research and Talent Service Center of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta,Dongying 257345,China
    7.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2026-01-05 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Guang-mei WANG

摘要:

盐碱农田土壤肥力提升是盐碱地改良与高质量开发的重要标志。为探明夏季覆盖种植对黄河三角洲盐碱农田土壤肥力的影响,于中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所黄河三角洲盐碱地农田生态系统观测研究站开展了田间试验,设置轻度(0.2%)、中度(0.4%)2个土壤盐分水平,高丹草-冬小麦(HW)、田菁-冬小麦(SW)、夏玉米-冬小麦(MW)3种轮作方式,共6个处理,每个处理3个重复,以当地传统夏玉米-冬小麦轮作为对照,探明土壤盐分水平与夏季覆盖作物类型对后茬冬小麦土壤肥力指数(SFI)的影响。结果表明,在轻度盐分土壤中,与MW相比,HW和SW土壤肥力指数在播种期分别提升了46.24%和19.98%,返青期分别提高了8.61%和7.12%,成熟期HW提高了14.29%。中度盐分土壤中,与MW相比,HW土壤肥力指数在播种期提升了14.67%。同种轮作方式下,HW在轻度盐分下播种期土壤肥力指数高于中度盐分,而MW则在中度盐分下成熟期土壤肥力指数高于轻度盐分。土壤肥力指数与土壤速效磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮、全磷和全钾呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤盐分呈显著负相关关系。综合来看,高丹草-冬小麦和田菁-冬小麦轮作均可提升轻度盐分农田的土壤肥力,可作为黄河三角洲盐碱地改良的轮作方式。

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 盐碱农田, 覆盖作物, 绿肥, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

Improvement of soil fertility in saline-alkali farmland is a key indicator of the improvement and high-quality development of saline-alkali land. This research investigated the effects of summer cover cropping on soil fertility in saline-alkali farmland of the Yellow River Delta. A field experiment was conducted at the Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali Agro-ecosystem Observation and Research Station, which is affiliated with the Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two levels of soil salinity were established: light salinity (0.2%) and moderate salinity (0.4%). Three crop rotation systems were used: sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (HW), sesbania (Sesbania cannabina)-winter wheat (SW), and summer maize (Zea mays)-winter wheat (MW), resulting in six treatments with three replicates each. The local traditional summer maize-winter wheat rotation was utilized as the control. The present study investigated the effects of soil salinity levels and summer cover crop types on the soil fertility index (SFI) of the subsequent winter wheat crop. It was found that under light salinity, SFI in HW and SW increased by 46.24% and 19.98%, respectively, at sowing stage, and by 8.61% and 7.12%, respectively, at regreening stage, compared with MW. At maturity stage, HW showed an increase of 14.29% compared to MW. Under moderate salinity, SFI in HW at sowing stage was 14.67% higher than that in MW. For a given rotation system, HW exhibited a higher SFI at sowing stage under light than under moderate salinity, whereas MW showed a higher SFI at maturity stage under moderate than under light salinity. SFI was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, and significantly negatively correlated with soil salinity. Overall, both the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid-winter wheat and sesbania-winter wheat rotations improved soil fertility in lightly saline farmland and can be considered suitable rotation patterns for the amelioration of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta.

Key words: Yellow River Delta, saline-alkali farmland, cover crops, green manure, soil fertility