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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 139-149.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021408

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Effects of P fertilization rate on tuber yield, quality, plant physiological attributes and P use efficiency of Helianthus tuberosus

Duo ZHANG1(), Lan-tao LI1(), Di LIN2, Long-hui ZHENG2, Sai-nan GENG1, Wen-xuan SHI1, Kai SHENG1, Yu-hong MIAO1, Yi-lun WANG1   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
    2.College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
  • Received:2021-11-09 Revised:2022-01-10 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-05-11
  • Contact: Lan-tao LI

Abstract:

This research aimed to provide reference data to promote efficient utilization and scientific management of phosphate (P) in farmland, and investigated the effect of P fertilization rate on Helianthus tuberosus tuber yield, tuber quality, plant physiological attributes and P use efficiency. Two field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2019-2020) at two sites (Yuanyang and Fangcheng County) in Henan Province, China. The details of the P fertilization treatments in the two growing seasons were as follows: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg P2O5·ha-1 in 2019 and 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg P2O5·ha-1 in 2020. The tuber yield, quality (inulin and reducing sugar content) at maturity and plant P accumulation, leaf chlorogenic acid content, leaf SPAD value, soluble sugar and soluble protein were determined. In addition, phosphorus harvest index (PHI), apparent use efficiency of phosphorus (AUP, %) and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus use (AEP, kg·kg-1) for H. tuberosus were also analyzed. The results indicated: 1) the application of P fertilizer significantly increased the fresh yield of H. tuberosus in both 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. An overall linear effect of P rate on tuber yield was observed with a yield step [here say if it is a yield increase or yield decrease and at what rate of P fertilization it is seen]. The optimal P fertilization rates for the two growing seasons were 155 and 107 kg·ha-1 for 2019 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, P application significantly increased the inulin and reducing sugar content of H. tuberosus tubers. Compared with the control treatments (0 kg·ha-1) in the study, the average increase in the total sugar content was 11.6% in 2019 and 18.3% in 2020. 2) The plant physiological indicators, such as plant P accumulation, leaf chlorogenic acid content, leaf SPAD value, soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased with increasing P rate. 3) The PHI, AUP (%) and AEP (kg·kg-1) were decreased with increasing the P rates. The values of PHI, AUP and AEP, averaged across P rates and for the two growing season were 0.813, 15.1% and 23.9 kg·kg-1, respectively. Therefore, high rates of P fertilization in H. tuberosus significantly improved tuber yield and quality and enhanced the physiological and biochemical traits measured. Considering the yield and utilization efficiency of P fertilizer, the recommended P application rates for H. tuberosus, based on this experiment, are between 105-150 kg P2O5·ha-1.

Key words: Helianthus tuberosus, yield, tuber quality, physiological traits, P utilization