Soil nutrient and microbial activity responses to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in oats and arrowhead peas in monocrop and mixed sowings

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022181

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen and phosphorus are key nutrients for improving forage yield and quality. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions will change soil nutrient conditions and cause changes in microbial biomass and enzyme activities. This study investigated the response of soil microbial characteristics to different nitrogen and phosphorus treatments in oat and common vetch within different planting configurations. In this experiment in an alpine region， monocultures of oats （Avena sativa） or common vetch （Vicia sativa） and plots of oats mix-cropped with vetch in a 1∶1 seeding ratio were established， and four different nutrient addition treatments were applied： Nitrogen only， phosphorus only， nitrogen and phosphorus and zero added nutrients. Variation in soil microbial biomass carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus and their stoichiometric ratios， together with extracellular soil enzyme activities were the main focus of measurements. It was found that： 1） N only and P only had negative effects on soil microbial biomass in oat monocultures； P fertilizer application and combined nitrogen and phosphorus application had a positive effect on soil microbial biomass in vetch monocultures； Application of N fertilizer only resulted in increased soil microbial biomass carbon only in the mixed oat-vetch sowings， while the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased the microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen. 2） Added N only increased the activity of β-1，4-glucosidase （BG）， while added P only increased the activity of acid phosphatase （AP）. However， β-N-acetylglucosaminidase （NAG） and AP enzyme activities were increased in oat plots indicating that soil microorganisms can increase the nutrient acquisition ability by increasing the enzyme activities obtained by C， N and P. 3） For soils in this experiment， the soil microbial biomass （SMB） C∶N was lower than the national average， while the SMB N∶P was higher than the national average， and the soil N∶P enzyme activity ratio was greater than 1， indicating that the nitrogen availability restriction to soil microbial activity was greater than the phosphorus limitation at the test site. Therefore， in this experiment， the single application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the growth of soil microorganisms in the oat monoculture plots， but was beneficial to the growth of soil microorganisms in the mixed oat-vetch plots. Stoichiometric ratios indicate that microorganisms respond to changes in soil nutrient conditions by adjusting the nutrient content of the microbial biomass and the content of secreted extracellular enzymes.

Key words: oat-vetch mixed sowing, added nitrogen and phosphorus, microbial biomass, soil extracellular enzymes, stoichiometric ratio

Le-le SU, Yan QIN, Zhao-min WANG, Yong-chao ZHANG, Wen-hui LIU. Soil nutrient and microbial activity responses to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in oats and arrowhead peas in monocrop and mixed sowings[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 56-66.

Figures/Tables 6

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处理 Treatment	尿素Urea	过磷酸钙Superphosphate	编号Code
对照 Control	0	0	CK
氮肥 Nitrogenous fertilizer	200	0	N
磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer	0	600	P
氮磷肥 Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers	200	600	NP

处理 Treatment	尿素Urea	过磷酸钙Superphosphate	编号Code
对照 Control	0	0	CK
氮肥 Nitrogenous fertilizer	200	0	N
磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer	0	600	P
氮磷肥 Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers	200	600	NP

土壤胞外酶 Soil extracellular enzymes	缩写 Abbreviations	反应底物 Substrates
β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1，4-glucosidase	BG	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase	NAG	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酸苷 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucosaminide
亮氨酸氨基肽酶Leucine aminopeptidase	LAP	L-亮氨酸-7-氨基-4-盐酸甲基香豆素L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	AP	4-甲基伞形酮酰-磷酸酯 4-methylumbelliferyl-phosphate

土壤胞外酶 Soil extracellular enzymes	缩写 Abbreviations	反应底物 Substrates
β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1，4-glucosidase	BG	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase	NAG	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酸苷 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucosaminide
亮氨酸氨基肽酶Leucine aminopeptidase	LAP	L-亮氨酸-7-氨基-4-盐酸甲基香豆素L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	AP	4-甲基伞形酮酰-磷酸酯 4-methylumbelliferyl-phosphate

指标Index	处理Treatment	燕麦Oat	箭筈豌豆Common vetch	燕×箭1︰1 Oat and common vetch 1︰1 mixture
SMBC︰SMBN	CK	5.760±0.429a	6.092±0.052a	5.365±0.261b
	N	4.741±0.389b	5.712±0.306a	8.404±0.324a
	P	6.115±0.037a	5.611±0.193a	5.501±0.322b
	NP	6.146±0.027a	4.134±0.145b	5.558±0.174b
SMBC︰SMBP	CK	53.750±2.014b	40.831±5.467a	38.391±2.258a
	N	35.621±1.409c	42.445±1.556a	42.897±2.290a
	P	83.144±6.416a	40.346±4.016a	37.672±1.936a
	NP	60.896±3.777b	22.467±2.531b	27.479±2.978b
SMBN︰SMBP	CK	9.382±0.344b	6.688±0.838a	7.186±0.523a
	N	7.580±0.458c	7.448±0.197a	5.124±0.369ab
	P	13.586±0.980a	7.160±0.471a	6.855±0.080a
	NP	9.914±0.661b	5.405±0.433b	4.921±0.379b