Effects of slow-release N fertilizer on growth and water- and N- use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum under three different irrigation regimes

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022489

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the water-saving and high-yield cultivation conditions for forage sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor）， an auto-weighed lysimeter experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted to determine the effects of different water and nitrogen （N） supply conditions on growth， yield， and water- and N- use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum. Three irrigation and three N fertilization regimes were tested in this study： maintaining soil moisture content at 30%-50% （I₁）， 50%-70% （I₂）， and 70%-90% （I₃） of field capacity， and using conventional urea at 200 kg·ha^-1 elemental N （U₂₀₀）， coated urea at 160 kg·ha^-1 elemental N （CU₁₆₀）， and coated urea at 120 kg·ha^-1 elemental N （CU₁₂₀）. It was found that increasing the irrigation amount significantly promoted plant height and stem diameter， and increased the total leaf area per plant. Compared with I₁， I₂ and I₃ increased the plant height by 9.5% and 15.4%， and increased the stem diameter by 2.4% and 27.6%， and increased the total leaf area per plant by 32.0% and 76.0%， respectively. With increase in the irrigation level， the fresh and dry weight of stems， leaves， and of the whole plant were increased significantly， as well as the stem-leaf ratio. Compared with I₁， I₂ and I₃ increased the whole plant fresh weight by 61.7% and 187.4%， and the dry weight by 55.7% and 129.8%， respectively. The N fertilization regimes also significantly affected the fresh and dry weight of stems， leaves and the whole plant. Compared with U₂₀₀， CU₁₆₀ increased the whole plant fresh weight by 13.9%， and increased the dry weight by 22.8%， respectively. The cumulative water consumption per plant and water- and N- use efficiencies increased significantly with increase in irrigation level. Compared with I₁， I₂ and I₃ increased water consumption by 52.1% and 108.4%， and increased the dry matter water use efficiency by 2.6% and 11.3%， and increased partial-factor productivity by 51.9% and 128.3%， respectively. The N fertilization methods significantly affected water- and N- use efficiencies. Compared with U₂₀₀， CU₁₆₀ increased the dry matter water use efficiency by 22.4%， while CU₁₆₀ and CU₁₂₀ increased the partial-factor productivity by 53.5% and 80.0%， respectively. Therefore， moderate irrigation and use of slow-release fertilizer with at a lower N application rate significantly promoted the efficient production of forage sweet sorghum plants， and enhanced water- and N- use efficiencies， compared with the I₃-U₂₀₀ treatment combination.

Key words: forage sweet sorghum, irrigation amount, slow-release N fertilizer, growth characteristics, water consumption, water- and N- use efficiencies

Ren-shi MA, Cong-ze JIANG, Wei GAO, Zhong-li LI, Yu-ying SHEN, Xian-long YANG. Effects of slow-release N fertilizer on growth and water- and N- use efficiencies of forage sweet sorghum under three different irrigation regimes[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(10): 71-81.

Figures/Tables 8

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灌溉量 Irrigation amount	施氮模式 N fertilization methods	鲜质量 Fresh weight （g·plant^-1）			干质量 Dry weight （g·plant^-1）			茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio
灌溉量 Irrigation amount	施氮模式 N fertilization methods	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部 Aboveground	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部 Aboveground	茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio
I₁	U₂₀₀	193.6±1.3Ba	294.5±22.6Ca	488.1±22.4Ca	50.6±0.7Ba	46.5±2.7Ba	97.1±2.0Cb	0.9±0.1Ca
	CU₁₆₀	190.7±8.7Ca	321.2±8.4Ca	511.8±15.3Ca	52.1±1.4Ca	53.9±1.5Ca	106.0±2.8Cab	1.0±0.0Ba
	CU₁₂₀	209.9±12.1Ba	326.9±28.3Ca	536.7±33.6Ca	55.5±2.0Ba	54.3±3.3Ca	109.8±4.1Ca	1.0±0.1Ba
I₂	U₂₀₀	209.8±17.2Bc	607.1±41.6Ba	817.0±58.1Ba	55.0±7.1Bb	94.0±12.2Aa	148.9±19.0Ba	1.7±0.1Aa
	CU₁₆₀	316.8±5.0Ba	606.0±66.5Ba	922.9±69.0Ba	82.5±2.4Ba	97.0±6.4Ba	179.6±8.2Ba	1.2±0.1Bb
	CU₁₂₀	261.9±13.6Bb	493.8±29.9Ba	755.7±41.3Ba	68.5±1.8Bab	93.7±8.9Ba	162.2±7.7Ba	1.4±0.2Aab
I₃	U₂₀₀	395.6±15.9Aab	939.8±37.0Ab	1335.5±52.9Ab	92.4±4.8Aa	117.3±6.0Ab	209.7±10.8Ab	1.3±0.0Ba
	CU₁₆₀	467.9±14.6Aa	1267.8±21.6Aa	1735.8±36.1Aa	104.3±6.7Aa	197.7±6.7Aa	302.0±13.5Aa	1.9±0.1Aa
	CU₁₂₀	365.7±26.2Ab	1026.3±56.9Ab	1392.0±81.5Ab	85.4±8.3Aa	133.9±14.9Ab	219.3±15.5Ab	1.6±0.3Aa
灌溉量平均 Average over irrigation amount	I₁	198.4±5.4C	316.0±11.7C	514.4±14.3C	52.9±1.0C	52.0±1.7C	105.0±2.3C	1.0±0.0B
	I₂	262.8±14.8B	569.0±30.0B	831.8±36.4B	68.6±4.1B	94.9±5.0B	163.5±7.6B	1.4±0.1A
	I₃	405.4±16.7A	1072.8±46.1A	1478.2±61.0A	93.2±4.3A	148.1±11.5A	241.3±14.0A	1.6±0.1A
施氮模式平均 Average over N fertilization methods	U₂₀₀	260.7±27.9b	613.2±78.2a	873.9±103.9b	64.9±6.1b	86.7±9.6b	151.6±15.0b	1.3±0.1a
	CU₁₆₀	312.2±33.5a	682.9±116.6a	995.1±149.2a	77.4±6.6a	108.8±17.6a	186.2±23.9a	1.3±0.1a
	CU₁₂₀	279.2±21.8b	615.6±92.4a	894.8±113.2b	69.8±4.5ab	94.0±11.1b	163.8±14.5b	1.3±0.1a
I		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05
N		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P>0.05
I×N		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05

灌溉量 Irrigation amount	施氮模式 N fertilization methods	鲜质量 Fresh weight （g·plant^-1）			干质量 Dry weight （g·plant^-1）			茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio
灌溉量 Irrigation amount	施氮模式 N fertilization methods	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部 Aboveground	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部 Aboveground	茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio
I₁	U₂₀₀	193.6±1.3Ba	294.5±22.6Ca	488.1±22.4Ca	50.6±0.7Ba	46.5±2.7Ba	97.1±2.0Cb	0.9±0.1Ca
	CU₁₆₀	190.7±8.7Ca	321.2±8.4Ca	511.8±15.3Ca	52.1±1.4Ca	53.9±1.5Ca	106.0±2.8Cab	1.0±0.0Ba
	CU₁₂₀	209.9±12.1Ba	326.9±28.3Ca	536.7±33.6Ca	55.5±2.0Ba	54.3±3.3Ca	109.8±4.1Ca	1.0±0.1Ba
I₂	U₂₀₀	209.8±17.2Bc	607.1±41.6Ba	817.0±58.1Ba	55.0±7.1Bb	94.0±12.2Aa	148.9±19.0Ba	1.7±0.1Aa
	CU₁₆₀	316.8±5.0Ba	606.0±66.5Ba	922.9±69.0Ba	82.5±2.4Ba	97.0±6.4Ba	179.6±8.2Ba	1.2±0.1Bb
	CU₁₂₀	261.9±13.6Bb	493.8±29.9Ba	755.7±41.3Ba	68.5±1.8Bab	93.7±8.9Ba	162.2±7.7Ba	1.4±0.2Aab
I₃	U₂₀₀	395.6±15.9Aab	939.8±37.0Ab	1335.5±52.9Ab	92.4±4.8Aa	117.3±6.0Ab	209.7±10.8Ab	1.3±0.0Ba
	CU₁₆₀	467.9±14.6Aa	1267.8±21.6Aa	1735.8±36.1Aa	104.3±6.7Aa	197.7±6.7Aa	302.0±13.5Aa	1.9±0.1Aa
	CU₁₂₀	365.7±26.2Ab	1026.3±56.9Ab	1392.0±81.5Ab	85.4±8.3Aa	133.9±14.9Ab	219.3±15.5Ab	1.6±0.3Aa
灌溉量平均 Average over irrigation amount	I₁	198.4±5.4C	316.0±11.7C	514.4±14.3C	52.9±1.0C	52.0±1.7C	105.0±2.3C	1.0±0.0B
	I₂	262.8±14.8B	569.0±30.0B	831.8±36.4B	68.6±4.1B	94.9±5.0B	163.5±7.6B	1.4±0.1A
	I₃	405.4±16.7A	1072.8±46.1A	1478.2±61.0A	93.2±4.3A	148.1±11.5A	241.3±14.0A	1.6±0.1A
施氮模式平均 Average over N fertilization methods	U₂₀₀	260.7±27.9b	613.2±78.2a	873.9±103.9b	64.9±6.1b	86.7±9.6b	151.6±15.0b	1.3±0.1a
	CU₁₆₀	312.2±33.5a	682.9±116.6a	995.1±149.2a	77.4±6.6a	108.8±17.6a	186.2±23.9a	1.3±0.1a
	CU₁₂₀	279.2±21.8b	615.6±92.4a	894.8±113.2b	69.8±4.5ab	94.0±11.1b	163.8±14.5b	1.3±0.1a
I		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05
N		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P>0.05
I×N		P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05	P<0.05

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