Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1-14.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023501
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Jing LIU1(), Yi-han YANG1, Yong-qiang QIAN1, Yu-feng CHEN1, Dan LIU2, Xiao-man XIE2, Yue-han LIU3, Xin LIU1(), Bo-kun ZOU1()
Received:
2023-12-27
Revised:
2024-03-15
Online:
2024-11-20
Published:
2024-09-09
Contact:
Xin LIU,Bo-kun ZOU
Jing LIU, Yi-han YANG, Yong-qiang QIAN, Yu-feng CHEN, Dan LIU, Xiao-man XIE, Yue-han LIU, Xin LIU, Bo-kun ZOU. Risk assessment of invasive alien herbaceous plants in the Nishan-Yishan area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(11): 1-14.
一级指标(权重) Primary indicator (weight) | 二级指标(权重) Secondary indicator (weight) | 三级指标(分值) Tertiary indicator (score) |
---|---|---|
A1入侵性Invasiveness (0.09) | A11引入途径Invasive routes (0.045) | 自然传入Natural introduction (0.5) |
无意引入No intention of introducing (2.5) | ||
有意引入Intention of introducing (4.5) | ||
A12检疫情况Quarantine situation (0.045) | 列入中国外来入侵物种名单Listed in the checklist of the Chinese invasive plants (1.5) | |
未列入中国外来入侵物种名单Not listed in the checklist of the Chinese invasive plants (4.5) | ||
A2定殖性Colonization (0.16) | A21生活型Life form (0.04) | 一年生或二年生草本或藤本植物1-year-old or 2-year-old herb or liana (1.0) |
多年生草本或藤本植物Perennial herb or liana (3.0) | ||
一年或多年生草本或藤本植物1-year-old or perennial herb or liana (4.0) | ||
A22繁殖方式Modes of reproduction (0.04) | 以无性繁殖为主 Mainly asexual reproduction (1.0) | |
以有性繁殖为主Mainly sexual reproduction (2.0) | ||
两者都有Both of them (4.0) | ||
A23繁殖期Reproduction period (0.04) | 繁殖期较短,有性繁殖期小于4个月The reproduction period is shorter, sexual reproduction period last for less than 4 mouths (2.0) | |
繁殖期较长,有性繁殖期大于4个月The reproduction period is longer, sexual reproduction period last for more than 4 mouths (4.0) | ||
A24单株种子量Average seed per plant (0.04) | 单株平均种子产量<10粒 The average seed per plant is less than 10 (2.0) | |
单株平均种子产量>10粒 The average seed per plant is more than 10 (4.0) | ||
A3扩散性Diffusivity (0.39) | A31扩散方式Diffusion modes (0.06) | 利用动物、人类及运输媒介传播Spread through animals, humans, and transportation media (2.0) |
利用风力、水流远距离传播Long-distance transmission by wind and water flow (4.0) | ||
利用多种途径运输Utilize multiple means of transportation (6.0) | ||
A32盖度Coverage (0.12) | 占样地面积百分比30%以下Less than 30% of the sample area (3.0) | |
占样地面积百分比30%~60%Percentage of the sample area is within 30% to 60% (6.0) | ||
占样地面积百分比60%以上More than 60% of the sample area (12.0) | ||
A33频度Frequency (0.21) | 零星分布(占样本量30%以下) Scattered distribution (less than 30% of the sample proportion) (7.0) | |
集中分布(占样本量30%~60%) Sporadic distribution (percentage of the sample area is within 30% to 60%) (14.0) | ||
总体分布(占样本量60%以上) Overall distribution (more than 60% of the sample proportion) (21.0) | ||
A4危害性Harm (0.22) | A41对农、林造成经济影响 Economic harm on agri- culture and forestry (0.04) | 对农、林经济造成轻微影响Little impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (1.0) |
对农、林经济造成一定影响General impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (2.0) | ||
对农、林经济造成严重影响Serious impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (4.0) | ||
A42人类健康危害性Hazards on human (0.06) | 植物无毒、无刺、无臭味Plants without poisonous, prickly and smelly (0.0) | |
植株有毒、有刺或有臭味,只含一种特征Plants are poisonous, prickly or smelly, containing only one characteristic (2.0) | ||
植株具有以上2种特征The plant has the above two characteristics (4.0) | ||
植株具有以上3种特征The plant has the above three characteristics (6.0) | ||
A43生态危害性Ecological harm (0.12) | 对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程无影响No impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (0.0) | |
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程有轻微影响Slightly impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (6.0) | ||
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程有一定影响General impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (8.0) | ||
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程影响严重Serious impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (12.0) | ||
A5防控性Prevention and control (0.14) | A51防治措施Preventive measures (0.07) | 生物防除不可行No feasible to prevent and control by biology (3.0) |
化学防除不可行No feasible to prevent and control by chemistry (5.0) | ||
机械防范不可行No feasible to prevent and control by machine (7.0) | ||
A52根除难度及费用Eradication difficulty and cost (0.07) | 难度低,根除效果好Low difficulty, high eradication effect (1.0) | |
难度一般,根除效果一般,需短期投入人力及资金Average difficulty, average eradication effect and manpower and capital in the short term (5.0) | ||
难度高,根除效果差,需长期投入人力物力High difficulty, poor eradication effect and manpower and capital in the long term (7.0) |
Table 1 Risk assessment system for invasive alien plants in Nishan-Yishan area
一级指标(权重) Primary indicator (weight) | 二级指标(权重) Secondary indicator (weight) | 三级指标(分值) Tertiary indicator (score) |
---|---|---|
A1入侵性Invasiveness (0.09) | A11引入途径Invasive routes (0.045) | 自然传入Natural introduction (0.5) |
无意引入No intention of introducing (2.5) | ||
有意引入Intention of introducing (4.5) | ||
A12检疫情况Quarantine situation (0.045) | 列入中国外来入侵物种名单Listed in the checklist of the Chinese invasive plants (1.5) | |
未列入中国外来入侵物种名单Not listed in the checklist of the Chinese invasive plants (4.5) | ||
A2定殖性Colonization (0.16) | A21生活型Life form (0.04) | 一年生或二年生草本或藤本植物1-year-old or 2-year-old herb or liana (1.0) |
多年生草本或藤本植物Perennial herb or liana (3.0) | ||
一年或多年生草本或藤本植物1-year-old or perennial herb or liana (4.0) | ||
A22繁殖方式Modes of reproduction (0.04) | 以无性繁殖为主 Mainly asexual reproduction (1.0) | |
以有性繁殖为主Mainly sexual reproduction (2.0) | ||
两者都有Both of them (4.0) | ||
A23繁殖期Reproduction period (0.04) | 繁殖期较短,有性繁殖期小于4个月The reproduction period is shorter, sexual reproduction period last for less than 4 mouths (2.0) | |
繁殖期较长,有性繁殖期大于4个月The reproduction period is longer, sexual reproduction period last for more than 4 mouths (4.0) | ||
A24单株种子量Average seed per plant (0.04) | 单株平均种子产量<10粒 The average seed per plant is less than 10 (2.0) | |
单株平均种子产量>10粒 The average seed per plant is more than 10 (4.0) | ||
A3扩散性Diffusivity (0.39) | A31扩散方式Diffusion modes (0.06) | 利用动物、人类及运输媒介传播Spread through animals, humans, and transportation media (2.0) |
利用风力、水流远距离传播Long-distance transmission by wind and water flow (4.0) | ||
利用多种途径运输Utilize multiple means of transportation (6.0) | ||
A32盖度Coverage (0.12) | 占样地面积百分比30%以下Less than 30% of the sample area (3.0) | |
占样地面积百分比30%~60%Percentage of the sample area is within 30% to 60% (6.0) | ||
占样地面积百分比60%以上More than 60% of the sample area (12.0) | ||
A33频度Frequency (0.21) | 零星分布(占样本量30%以下) Scattered distribution (less than 30% of the sample proportion) (7.0) | |
集中分布(占样本量30%~60%) Sporadic distribution (percentage of the sample area is within 30% to 60%) (14.0) | ||
总体分布(占样本量60%以上) Overall distribution (more than 60% of the sample proportion) (21.0) | ||
A4危害性Harm (0.22) | A41对农、林造成经济影响 Economic harm on agri- culture and forestry (0.04) | 对农、林经济造成轻微影响Little impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (1.0) |
对农、林经济造成一定影响General impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (2.0) | ||
对农、林经济造成严重影响Serious impact economic harm on agriculture and forestry (4.0) | ||
A42人类健康危害性Hazards on human (0.06) | 植物无毒、无刺、无臭味Plants without poisonous, prickly and smelly (0.0) | |
植株有毒、有刺或有臭味,只含一种特征Plants are poisonous, prickly or smelly, containing only one characteristic (2.0) | ||
植株具有以上2种特征The plant has the above two characteristics (4.0) | ||
植株具有以上3种特征The plant has the above three characteristics (6.0) | ||
A43生态危害性Ecological harm (0.12) | 对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程无影响No impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (0.0) | |
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程有轻微影响Slightly impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (6.0) | ||
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程有一定影响General impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (8.0) | ||
对当地生态环境以及生态系统演化过程影响严重Serious impact on the local ecological environment and the evolution process of the ecosystem (12.0) | ||
A5防控性Prevention and control (0.14) | A51防治措施Preventive measures (0.07) | 生物防除不可行No feasible to prevent and control by biology (3.0) |
化学防除不可行No feasible to prevent and control by chemistry (5.0) | ||
机械防范不可行No feasible to prevent and control by machine (7.0) | ||
A52根除难度及费用Eradication difficulty and cost (0.07) | 难度低,根除效果好Low difficulty, high eradication effect (1.0) | |
难度一般,根除效果一般,需短期投入人力及资金Average difficulty, average eradication effect and manpower and capital in the short term (5.0) | ||
难度高,根除效果差,需长期投入人力物力High difficulty, poor eradication effect and manpower and capital in the long term (7.0) |
风险等级Risk level | 科 Family | 属 Genera | 种 Species | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | 分值Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 大戟属Euphorbia | 斑地锦E. maculata | 7 | 11 | 28 | 10 | 8 | 64 |
菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 小蓬草E. canadensis | 4 | 9 | 37 | 16 | 14 | 80 | |
一年蓬E. annuus | 6 | 9 | 30 | 12 | 14 | 71 | |||
鬼针草属Bidens | 鬼针草B. pilosa | 7 | 7 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 64 | ||
银胶菊属Parthenium | 银胶菊P. hysterophorus | 4 | 11 | 23 | 12 | 12 | 62 | ||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 独行菜属Lepidium | 北美独行菜L. virginicum | 7 | 11 | 26 | 10 | 8 | 62 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 莲子草属Alternanthera | 喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides | 6 | 11 | 23 | 16 | 10 | 66 | |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 圆叶牵牛I. purpurea | 6 | 11 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 67 | |
商陆科Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 垂序商陆P. americana | 6 | 13 | 30 | 14 | 12 | 75 | |
Ⅱ | 禾本科Gramineae | 燕麦属Avena | 野燕麦A. fatua | 4 | 11 | 17 | 12 | 8 | 52 |
锦葵科Malvaceae | 苘麻属Abutilon | 苘麻A. theophrasti | 7 | 11 | 21 | 10 | 10 | 59 | |
菊科Asteraceae | 藜属Chenopodium | 小藜C. ficifolium | 7 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 51 | |
飞蓬属Erigeron | 苏门白酒草C. sumatrensis | 6 | 11 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 51 | ||
鬼针草属Bidens | 婆婆针B. bipinnata | 7 | 11 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 57 | ||
向日葵属Helianthus | 菊芋H. tuberosus | 9 | 9 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 56 | ||
鳢肠属Eclipta | 鳢肠E. prostrata | 7 | 7 | 24 | 10 | 8 | 56 | ||
紫菀属Aster | 钻叶紫菀A. subulatus | 4 | 11 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 50 | ||
茄科Solanaceae | 曼陀罗属Datura | 曼陀罗D. stramonium | 7 | 9 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 54 | |
毛曼陀罗D. inoxia | 7 | 9 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 54 | |||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 荠属Capsella | 荠C. bursa-pastoris | 7 | 9 | 22 | 8 | 4 | 50 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 腺毛藜属Dysphania | 土荆芥D. ambrosioides | 4 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 7 | 51 | |
苋属Amaranthus | 刺苋A. spinosus | 4 | 9 | 17 | 12 | 8 | 50 | ||
绿穗苋A. hybridus | 7 | 9 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 55 | |||
苋A. tricolor | 9 | 11 | 31 | 1 | 4 | 56 | |||
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 牵牛I. nil | 7 | 11 | 22 | 8 | 8 | 56 | |
莎草科Cyperaceae | 莎草属Cyperus | 香附子C. rotundus | 7 | 15 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 59 | |
葡萄科Vitaceae | 地锦属Parthenocissus | 五叶地锦P. quinquefolia | 9 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 8 | 53 | |
Ⅲ | 唇形科Labiatae | 罗勒属Ocimum | 罗勒O. basilicum | 9 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 40 |
大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 大戟属Euphorbia | 猩猩草E. cyathophora | 9 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 40 | |
通奶草E. hypericifolia | 7 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 41 | |||
齿裂大戟E. dentata | 7 | 7 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 42 | |||
豆科Leguminosae | 车轴草Trifolium | 白车轴草T. repens | 9 | 9 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 43 | |
禾本科Gramineae | 山羊草属Aegilops | 节节麦A. triuncialis | 9 | 7 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 47 | |
虎尾草属Chloris | 虎尾草C. virgata | 9 | 9 | 21 | 2 | 4 | 45 | ||
羊茅属Festuca | 苇状羊茅F. arundinacea | 9 | 11 | 21 | 2 | 4 | 47 | ||
菊科Asteraceae | 金鸡菊属Coreopsis | 剑叶金鸡菊C. lanceolata | 9 | 13 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 44 | |
藜属Chenopodium | 灰绿藜C. glaucum | 7 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 48 | ||
百日菊属Zinnia | 多花百日菊Z. peruviana | 9 | 9 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 45 | ||
苦苣菜属Sonchus | 花叶滇苦菜S. asper | 7 | 11 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 42 | ||
金光菊属Rudbeckia | 大花金鸡菊C. grandiflora | 9 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 43 | ||
柳叶菜科Onagraceae | 月见草属Oenothera | 月见草O. biennis | 9 | 7 | 23 | 1 | 4 | 44 | |
山桃草属Gaura | 小花山桃草G. parviflora | 9 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 46 | ||
茄科Solanaceae | 茄属Solanum | 牛茄子S. capsicoides | 7 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 41 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 青葙属Celosia | 青葙C. argentea | 7 | 11 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 40 | |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 橙红茑萝I. hederifolia | 9 | 11 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 41 | |
石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 鹅肠菜属Myosoton | 鹅肠菜M. aquaticum | 7 | 11 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 45 | |
Ⅳ | 唇形科Labiatae | 鼠尾草属Salvia | 一串红S. splendens | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 |
豆科Leguminosae | 田菁属Sesbania | 田菁S. cannabina | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | |
苜蓿属Medicago | 紫花苜蓿M. sativa | 9 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 37 | ||
锦葵科Malvaceae | 木槿属Hibiscus | 野西瓜苗H. trionum | 7 | 7 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 35 | |
黄花稔属Sida | 黄花稔S. acuta | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | ||
菊科Asteraceae | 百日菊属Zinnia | 百日菊Z. elegans | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | |
苦苣菜属Sonchus | 苦苣菜S. oleraceus. | 7 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | ||
天人菊属Gaillardia | 天人菊G. pulchella | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | ||
秋英属Cosmos | 秋英C. bipinnatus | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 37 | ||
万寿菊属Tagetes | 万寿菊T. erecta | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | ||
金光菊属Rudbeckia | 黑心金光菊R. hirta | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | ||
松香草属Silphium | 串叶松香草S. perfoliatum | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 | ||
马齿苋科Portulacaceae | 马齿苋属Portulaca | 大花马齿苋P. grandiflora | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | |
茄科Solanaceae | 酸浆属Physalis | 小酸浆P. minima | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
毛酸浆P. philadelphica | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 碎米荠属Cardamine | 弯曲碎米荠C. flexuosa | 7 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 31 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 青葙属Celosia | 鸡冠花C. cristata | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | |
苋属Amaranthus | 凹头苋A. blitum | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | ||
皱果苋A. viridis | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | |||
合被苋A. polygonoides | 5 | 9 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |||
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 瘤梗番薯I. lacunosa | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | |
紫茉莉科Nyctaginaceae | 紫茉莉属Mirabilis | 紫茉莉M. jalapa | 9 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | |
叶子花属Bougainvillea | 叶子花B. spectabilis | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 | ||
凤仙花Balsaminaceae | 凤仙花属Impatiens | 凤仙花I. balsamina | 9 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
桑科Moraceae | 大麻属Cannabis | 大麻C. sativa | 9 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 35 | |
玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 婆婆纳属Veronica | 婆婆纳V. polita | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
罂粟科Papaveraceae | 罂粟属Papaver | 虞美人P. rhoeas | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | |
车前科Plantaginaceae | 车前属Plantago | 长叶车前P. lanceolata | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 |
Table 2 Risk scores of invasive alien herbaceous plant species and indicators in Nishan-Yishan area
风险等级Risk level | 科 Family | 属 Genera | 种 Species | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | 分值Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 大戟属Euphorbia | 斑地锦E. maculata | 7 | 11 | 28 | 10 | 8 | 64 |
菊科Asteraceae | 飞蓬属Erigeron | 小蓬草E. canadensis | 4 | 9 | 37 | 16 | 14 | 80 | |
一年蓬E. annuus | 6 | 9 | 30 | 12 | 14 | 71 | |||
鬼针草属Bidens | 鬼针草B. pilosa | 7 | 7 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 64 | ||
银胶菊属Parthenium | 银胶菊P. hysterophorus | 4 | 11 | 23 | 12 | 12 | 62 | ||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 独行菜属Lepidium | 北美独行菜L. virginicum | 7 | 11 | 26 | 10 | 8 | 62 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 莲子草属Alternanthera | 喜旱莲子草A. philoxeroides | 6 | 11 | 23 | 16 | 10 | 66 | |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 圆叶牵牛I. purpurea | 6 | 11 | 30 | 10 | 10 | 67 | |
商陆科Phytolaccaceae | 商陆属Phytolacca | 垂序商陆P. americana | 6 | 13 | 30 | 14 | 12 | 75 | |
Ⅱ | 禾本科Gramineae | 燕麦属Avena | 野燕麦A. fatua | 4 | 11 | 17 | 12 | 8 | 52 |
锦葵科Malvaceae | 苘麻属Abutilon | 苘麻A. theophrasti | 7 | 11 | 21 | 10 | 10 | 59 | |
菊科Asteraceae | 藜属Chenopodium | 小藜C. ficifolium | 7 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 51 | |
飞蓬属Erigeron | 苏门白酒草C. sumatrensis | 6 | 11 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 51 | ||
鬼针草属Bidens | 婆婆针B. bipinnata | 7 | 11 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 57 | ||
向日葵属Helianthus | 菊芋H. tuberosus | 9 | 9 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 56 | ||
鳢肠属Eclipta | 鳢肠E. prostrata | 7 | 7 | 24 | 10 | 8 | 56 | ||
紫菀属Aster | 钻叶紫菀A. subulatus | 4 | 11 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 50 | ||
茄科Solanaceae | 曼陀罗属Datura | 曼陀罗D. stramonium | 7 | 9 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 54 | |
毛曼陀罗D. inoxia | 7 | 9 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 54 | |||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 荠属Capsella | 荠C. bursa-pastoris | 7 | 9 | 22 | 8 | 4 | 50 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 腺毛藜属Dysphania | 土荆芥D. ambrosioides | 4 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 7 | 51 | |
苋属Amaranthus | 刺苋A. spinosus | 4 | 9 | 17 | 12 | 8 | 50 | ||
绿穗苋A. hybridus | 7 | 9 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 55 | |||
苋A. tricolor | 9 | 11 | 31 | 1 | 4 | 56 | |||
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 牵牛I. nil | 7 | 11 | 22 | 8 | 8 | 56 | |
莎草科Cyperaceae | 莎草属Cyperus | 香附子C. rotundus | 7 | 15 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 59 | |
葡萄科Vitaceae | 地锦属Parthenocissus | 五叶地锦P. quinquefolia | 9 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 8 | 53 | |
Ⅲ | 唇形科Labiatae | 罗勒属Ocimum | 罗勒O. basilicum | 9 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 40 |
大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 大戟属Euphorbia | 猩猩草E. cyathophora | 9 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 40 | |
通奶草E. hypericifolia | 7 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 41 | |||
齿裂大戟E. dentata | 7 | 7 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 42 | |||
豆科Leguminosae | 车轴草Trifolium | 白车轴草T. repens | 9 | 9 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 43 | |
禾本科Gramineae | 山羊草属Aegilops | 节节麦A. triuncialis | 9 | 7 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 47 | |
虎尾草属Chloris | 虎尾草C. virgata | 9 | 9 | 21 | 2 | 4 | 45 | ||
羊茅属Festuca | 苇状羊茅F. arundinacea | 9 | 11 | 21 | 2 | 4 | 47 | ||
菊科Asteraceae | 金鸡菊属Coreopsis | 剑叶金鸡菊C. lanceolata | 9 | 13 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 44 | |
藜属Chenopodium | 灰绿藜C. glaucum | 7 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 48 | ||
百日菊属Zinnia | 多花百日菊Z. peruviana | 9 | 9 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 45 | ||
苦苣菜属Sonchus | 花叶滇苦菜S. asper | 7 | 11 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 42 | ||
金光菊属Rudbeckia | 大花金鸡菊C. grandiflora | 9 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 43 | ||
柳叶菜科Onagraceae | 月见草属Oenothera | 月见草O. biennis | 9 | 7 | 23 | 1 | 4 | 44 | |
山桃草属Gaura | 小花山桃草G. parviflora | 9 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 46 | ||
茄科Solanaceae | 茄属Solanum | 牛茄子S. capsicoides | 7 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 41 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 青葙属Celosia | 青葙C. argentea | 7 | 11 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 40 | |
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 橙红茑萝I. hederifolia | 9 | 11 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 41 | |
石竹科Caryophyllaceae | 鹅肠菜属Myosoton | 鹅肠菜M. aquaticum | 7 | 11 | 22 | 1 | 4 | 45 | |
Ⅳ | 唇形科Labiatae | 鼠尾草属Salvia | 一串红S. splendens | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 |
豆科Leguminosae | 田菁属Sesbania | 田菁S. cannabina | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | |
苜蓿属Medicago | 紫花苜蓿M. sativa | 9 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 37 | ||
锦葵科Malvaceae | 木槿属Hibiscus | 野西瓜苗H. trionum | 7 | 7 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 35 | |
黄花稔属Sida | 黄花稔S. acuta | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | ||
菊科Asteraceae | 百日菊属Zinnia | 百日菊Z. elegans | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | |
苦苣菜属Sonchus | 苦苣菜S. oleraceus. | 7 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | ||
天人菊属Gaillardia | 天人菊G. pulchella | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | ||
秋英属Cosmos | 秋英C. bipinnatus | 9 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 37 | ||
万寿菊属Tagetes | 万寿菊T. erecta | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | ||
金光菊属Rudbeckia | 黑心金光菊R. hirta | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | ||
松香草属Silphium | 串叶松香草S. perfoliatum | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 | ||
马齿苋科Portulacaceae | 马齿苋属Portulaca | 大花马齿苋P. grandiflora | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 34 | |
茄科Solanaceae | 酸浆属Physalis | 小酸浆P. minima | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
毛酸浆P. philadelphica | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |||
十字花科Brassicaceae | 碎米荠属Cardamine | 弯曲碎米荠C. flexuosa | 7 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 31 | |
苋科Amaranthaceae | 青葙属Celosia | 鸡冠花C. cristata | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | |
苋属Amaranthus | 凹头苋A. blitum | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | ||
皱果苋A. viridis | 7 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 37 | |||
合被苋A. polygonoides | 5 | 9 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |||
旋花科Convolvulaceae | 虎掌藤属Ipomoea | 瘤梗番薯I. lacunosa | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | |
紫茉莉科Nyctaginaceae | 紫茉莉属Mirabilis | 紫茉莉M. jalapa | 9 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 | |
叶子花属Bougainvillea | 叶子花B. spectabilis | 9 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 38 | ||
凤仙花Balsaminaceae | 凤仙花属Impatiens | 凤仙花I. balsamina | 9 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
桑科Moraceae | 大麻属Cannabis | 大麻C. sativa | 9 | 7 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 35 | |
玄参科Scrophulariaceae | 婆婆纳属Veronica | 婆婆纳V. polita | 7 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 33 | |
罂粟科Papaveraceae | 罂粟属Papaver | 虞美人P. rhoeas | 9 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 36 | |
车前科Plantaginaceae | 车前属Plantago | 长叶车前P. lanceolata | 7 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 35 |
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