Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024139

Abstract

Abstract:

The seeding rate of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab in mixed sowings is a key factor affecting the yield and nutritional value of mixed sowings. It is of high relevance to evaluate the optimal seeding rates of D. lablab and S. bicolor in mixed sowings in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area， to alleviate the shortage of forage supply in this area. In this study， D. lablab was sown at four different seeding rates in mixtures （SL₁： 16.5 kg·ha^-1， SL₂： 33.0 kg·ha^-1， SL₃： 49.5 kg·ha^-1， SL₄： 66.0 kg·ha^-1）， sown together with S. bicolor at 18.0 kg·ha^-1 in each case. The experiment also included D. lablab and S. bicolor monocultures （L₀： 49.5 kg·ha^-1 and S₀： 18.0 kg·ha^-1）. The aim was to investigate the yield， interspecific competition indexes and economic benefits of the two monocultures and the mixed-sown combinations. The results for two years confirm that the total hay yield and crude protein yield from mixed sowings of S. bicolor and D. lablab were significantly higher than those of monocultures （P<0.05）， and were maximized in the SL₂ treatment. For yield and crude protein， respectively， values were 63.66% and 9.13% higher than those of D. lablab sown alone. The land equivalent ratio of all mixtures was greater than 1 and was highest for the SL₂ treatment （1.26）， making the yield increase of this treatment was obvious. The aggressivity of S. bicolor in the mixed sowings was greater than 0， and the competitive ratio was greater than that of D. lablab， indicating that the competitive strength of S. bicolor was stronger than that of D. lablab， and S. bicolor is a competitive advantage crop. The system productivity index increased progressively with increase in the seeding rate of D. lablab， and the net income over the two years under the SL₂ treatment was the highest （37469.45 and 38284.09 yuan·ha^-1） among the treatments. Based on the yield， land equivalent ratio， monetary advantage index and net income of the mixed swards， the performance of S. bicolor and D. lablab in SL₂ mixed seeding treatment was the best. Therefore， it is recommended that the optimum seeding rate of D. lablab and S. bicolor in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia is 33.0 kg·ha^-1.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Dolichos lablab, mixed grassland, interspecific competition, production performance

Jiang-ping MA, Yi-yin ZHANG, Teng-fei WANG, Bin WANG, Jian LAN. Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 111-122.

Figures/Tables 8

References 39

1	Ji B， He J L， Du J M， et al. Effects of different reseeding modes on soil organic carbon and nitrogen reserves in Ningxia desert steppe. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2021， 43（3）： 60-66.
	季波，何建龙，杜建明，等. 不同补播配置模式对宁夏荒漠草原土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响. 中国草地学报， 2021， 43（3）： 60-66.
2	Wang B， Dong X， Li M Y， et al. Effects of mixed planting of Dolichos lablab with different sowing rates and silage corn on grassland productivity and forage quality. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2021， 29（4）： 828-834.
	王斌，董秀，李满有，等. 不同播量拉巴豆与青贮玉米混播对草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响. 草地学报， 2021， 29（4）： 828-834.
3	Lithourgidis A S， Vasilakoglou I B， Dhima K V， et al. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Research， 2006， 99（2/3）： 106-113.
4	Chen J， Engbersen N， Stefan L， et al. Diversity increases yield but reduces harvest index in crop mixtures. Nature Plants， 2021， 7（7）： 893-898.
5	Wang T F， Wang B， Deng J Q， et al. Effect of sowing rate on yield and forage quality of a Dolichos lablab-Sorghum bicolor mixture under drip irrigation in arid areas of Ningxia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2023， 32（3）： 30-40.
	王腾飞，王斌，邓建强，等. 宁夏干旱区滴灌条件下拉巴豆不同播种量与甜高粱混播饲草生产性能研究. 草业学报， 2023， 32（3）： 30-40.
6	Peoples M B， Chalk P M， Unkovich M J， et al. Can differences in ¹⁵N natural abundance be used to quantify the transfer of nitrogen from legumes to neighbouring non-legume plant species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry， 2015， 87： 97-109.
7	He X， Xu M， Qiu G Y， et al. Use of ¹⁵N stable isotope to quantify nitrogen transfer between mycorrhizal plants. Journal of Plant Ecology， 2009， 2（3）： 107-118.
8	Zhang Y L， Yu T F， Hao F， et al. Effects of fertilization and mixed sowing ratio on the production performance of grass-alfalfa mixed forage. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2020， 42（6）： 115-124.
	张永亮，于铁峰，郝凤，等. 施肥与混播比例对豆禾混播牧草生产性能的影响. 中国草地学报， 2020， 42（6）： 115-124.
9	Xie K Y， Zhao Y， Li X L， et al. Relationships between grasses and legumes in mixed grassland. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2013， 22（3）： 284-296.
	谢开云，赵云，李向林，等. 豆-禾混播草地种间关系研究进展. 草业学报， 2013， 22（3）： 284-296.
10	Wang B， Deng J Q， Wang T F， et al. Effect of seeding options on interspecific competition in oat （Avena sativa L.）-common vetch （Vicia sativa L.） forage crops. Agronomy， 2022， 12（12）： 85-94.
11	Yang C， Zhang Y X， Zhang H， et al. Recent advances in understanding the ecosystem functioning of diverse forage mixtures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2022， 31（9）： 206-219.
	杨策，张玉雪，张鹤，等. 牧草混播生态系统功能研究进展. 草业学报， 2022， 31（9）： 206-219.
12	Liu Q Y， Yun L， Chen Y F， et al. The dynamic analysis of forage yield and interspecific competition in alfalfa-grass mixed pasture. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2022， 31（3）： 181-191.
	刘启宇，云岚，陈逸凡，等.苜蓿-禾草混播草地牧草产量及种间竞争关系的动态研究.草业学报， 2022， 31（3）： 181-191.
13	Quan X， Wu J X， Yang P Z， et al. Study on the relationship between productivity and species in grassland with mixed-sowed gramineous and leguminous forages in Lhasa river valley. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2023， 31（3）： 657-667.
	权欣，武俊喜，杨培志，等. 拉萨河谷禾豆混播草地生产力与种间关系研究. 草地学报， 2023， 31（3）： 657-667.
14	Ren W， Zhang Z X， Lin C X， et al. Effects of mixed seeding ratio on biomass allocation and competition of Onobrychis viciifolia and Elymus nutans under cold conditions in the Tianzhu alpine region. Pratacultural Science， 2020， 37（10）： 2035-2048.
	任文，张志新，蔺昶兴，等.混播比例对高寒草地红豆草-垂穗披碱草混播群落生物量分配与竞争的影响. 草业科学， 2020， 37（10）： 2035-2048.
15	Guo C， Zhao Y L， Li X J， et al. Effect of sowing ratio on interspecific relationships between species and grassland productivity in legume-grass mixtures. Pratacultural Science， 2022， 39（11）： 2307-2316.
	郭川，赵艳兰，李香君，等. 不同豆禾混播比例对植物种间关系及草地生产力的影响. 草业科学， 2022， 39（11）： 2307-2316.
16	Li Y J， Ma P J， Wu J H， et al. Effects of interplanting with Dolichos lablab on agronomic traits and yield of two varieties of silage maize. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2019， 28（9）： 209-216.
	李亚娇，马培杰，吴佳海，等. 不同品种青贮玉米与拉巴豆套种对青贮玉米农艺性状及产量的影响. 草业学报， 2019， 28（9）： 209-216.
17	Ma X D， Sun J J， Wang P B， et al. Effects of mixed sowing of Avena sativa and legumes on grass yield and quality in the Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2021， 43（7）： 21-27.
	马晓东，孙金金，汪鹏斌，等. 青海三江源区燕麦与豆类混播对草产量和品质的影响. 中国草地学报， 2021， 43（7）： 21-27.
18	Willey R W. Resource use in intercropping systems. Agricultural Water Management， 1990， 17（1/3）： 215-231.
19	Ghosh P K. Growth， yield， competition and economics of groundnut/cereal fodder intercropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Research， 2004， 88（2）： 227-237.
20	Wilson J B. Shoot competition and root competition. Journal of Applied Ecology， 1988， 25（1）： 279-296.
21	Mcgilchrist C A. Analysis of competition experiments. Biometrics， 1965， 21（4）： 975-985.
22	Willey R W， Rao M R. A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Experimental Agriculture， 1980， 16（2）： 117-125.
23	Banik P. Evaluation of wheat （Triticum aestivum） and legume intercropping under 1∶1 and 2∶1 row-replacement series system. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science， 1996， 176（5）： 289-294.
24	Li Y Y， Yu C B， Sun J H， et al. Nitrogen environmental endurance and economically-ecologically appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in faba bean/maize intercropping system. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2008（3）： 223-227.
	李玉英，余常兵，孙建好，等. 蚕豆/玉米间作系统经济生态施氮量及对氮素环境承受力. 农业工程学报， 2008（3）： 223-227.
25	Dhima K V， Lithourgidis A S， Vasilakoglou I B， et al. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research， 2007， 100（2）： 249-256.
26	Zhang Y L， Zhang L J， Yu T F， et al. Effects of grass-legume combinations and intercropping patterns on the forage yield and yield stability. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2019， 27（5）： 1410-1418.
	张永亮，张丽娟，于铁峰，等. 禾豆组合与间作方式对牧草产量及产量稳定性的影响. 草地学报， 2019， 27（5）： 1410-1418.
27	Dou Z Y， Zheng W H， Tian Y Y， et al. Comprehensive comparison of production performance of annual mixed legume-grass pastures. Pratacultural Science， 2023， 40（10）： 2639-2650.
	窦梓镱，郑伟华，田燕燕，等. 一年生豆禾混播草地生产性能的综合比较. 草业科学， 2023， 40（10）： 2639-2650.
28	Hauggaard-Nielsen H， Gooding M， Ambus P， et al. Pea-barley intercropping for efficient symbiotic N₂-fixation， soil N acquisition and use of other nutrients in European organic cropping systems. Field Crops Research， 2009， 113（1）： 64-71.
29	Moreira N. The effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nutritive value of oat-vetch mixtures. The Journal of Agricultural Science， 1989， 112（1）： 57-66.
30	Dong Z X， He R H， Kuang J Y， et al. Effects of sweet sorghum intercropping with Lablab purpureus on yield and quality of mixed forage in Chengdu Plain， China. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2021， 29（7）： 1578-1583.
	董志晓，何润濠，况鉴洋，等. 成都平原甜高粱间作拉巴豆对混合饲草产量及品质的影响. 草地学报， 2021， 29（7）： 1578-1583.
31	Liu Y P， Xue S M， Zhong S L， et al. Comprehensive evaluation of mixed grassland of triticale and feeding pea in high-elevation of Northwestern Yunnan. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2022， 30（9）： 2497-2504.
	刘彦培，薛世明，钟绍丽，等. 滇西北高海拔地区小黑麦与饲用豌豆混播草地综合评价. 草地学报， 2022， 30（9）： 2497-2504.
32	Yong T W， Chen P， Liu X M， et al. Effects of reduced nitrogen on soil ammonification， nitrification and nitrogen fixation maize-soybean relay intercropping systems. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2018， 44（10）： 1485-1495.
	雍太文，陈平，刘小明，等. 减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作系统土壤氮素氨化、硝化及固氮作用的影响. 作物学报， 2018， 44（10）： 1485-1495.
33	Anil L， Park J， Phipps R H， et al. The potential of forage-maize intercrops in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology， 2000， 86（3）： 157-164.
34	Ajayi F T， Babayemi O J， Taiwo A A， et al. Mineral solubility of Panicum maximum with four herbaceous forage legume mixtures incubated in the rumen of N’ Dama steers. Animal Science Journal， 2009， 80（3）： 250-257.
35	Guo C Y， Wang W， Pu X J， et al. Effects of sowing method and row spacing on production performance and interspecific relationship of oat/forage pea mixed grassland. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2022， 30（9）： 2483-2491.
	郭常英，王伟，蒲小剑，等. 播种方式和行距对燕麦/饲用豌豆混播草地生产性能及种间关系的影响. 草地学报， 2022， 30（9）： 2483-2491.
36	Wang X J， Cao W X， Wang S L， et al. Effects of perennial legume-gramineae mixtures on forage yield and quality in the Hexi Corridor Region. Pratacultural Science， 2021， 38（7）： 1339-1350.
	王小军，曹文侠，王世林，等. 河西走廊多年生豆禾混播对牧草产量和品质的影响. 草业科学， 2021， 38（7）： 1339-1350.
37	Wang P， Zhou D W， Zhang B T. Coexistence and inter-specific competition in grass-legume mixture. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2009， 29（5）： 2560-2567.
	王平，周道玮，张宝田. 禾-豆混播草地种间竞争与共存. 生态学报， 2009， 29（5）： 2560-2567.
38	Lithourgidis A S， Vlachostergios D N， Dordas C A， et al. Dry matter yield， nitrogen content， and competition in pea-cereal Sadeghpour intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy， 2011， 34（4）： 287-294.
39	Sadeghpour A， Jahanzad E， Esmaeili A， et al. Forage yield， quality and economic benefit of intercropped barley and annual medic in semi-arid conditions： Additive series. Field Crops Research， 2013， 148（3）： 43-48.

项目Item	单价Unit price
饲用高粱种子S. bicolor seed （yuan·kg^-1）	50
拉巴豆种子D. lablab seed （yuan·kg^-1）	40
灌溉Irrigation （yuan·hm^-2）	1500
肥料Fertilizer （yuan·hm^-2）	1860
人工Labor （yuan·hm^-2）	3000
机械Machinery （yuan·hm^-2）	750
收割Harvest （yuan·hm^-2）	750
饲用高粱饲草S. bicolor forage （yuan·t^-1）	1500
拉巴豆饲草D. lablab forage （yuan·t^-1）	2200

项目Item	单价Unit price
饲用高粱种子S. bicolor seed （yuan·kg^-1）	50
拉巴豆种子D. lablab seed （yuan·kg^-1）	40
灌溉Irrigation （yuan·hm^-2）	1500
肥料Fertilizer （yuan·hm^-2）	1860
人工Labor （yuan·hm^-2）	3000
机械Machinery （yuan·hm^-2）	750
收割Harvest （yuan·hm^-2）	750
饲用高粱饲草S. bicolor forage （yuan·t^-1）	1500
拉巴豆饲草D. lablab forage （yuan·t^-1）	2200

处理 Treatment	总收入Total income （yuan·hm^-2）		净收入Net income （yuan·hm^-2）		产投比Ratio of income to cost
处理 Treatment	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
S₀	41997.27	43381.36	33237.27	34621.36	3.79	3.95
L₀	24592.00	24128.00	14752.00	14288.00	1.50	1.45
SL₁	45537.91	46265.55	36117.91	36845.55	3.83	3.91
SL₂	47549.45	48364.09	37469.45	38284.09	3.72	3.80
SL₃	46690.00	47225.18	35950.00	36485.18	3.35	3.40
SL₄	46666.27	46589.82	35266.27	35189.82	3.09	3.09

处理 Treatment	总收入Total income （yuan·hm^-2）		净收入Net income （yuan·hm^-2）		产投比Ratio of income to cost
处理 Treatment	2022	2023	2022	2023	2022	2023
S₀	41997.27	43381.36	33237.27	34621.36	3.79	3.95
L₀	24592.00	24128.00	14752.00	14288.00	1.50	1.45
SL₁	45537.91	46265.55	36117.91	36845.55	3.83	3.91
SL₂	47549.45	48364.09	37469.45	38284.09	3.72	3.80
SL₃	46690.00	47225.18	35950.00	36485.18	3.35	3.40
SL₄	46666.27	46589.82	35266.27	35189.82	3.09	3.09

[1]	Wen-hu WANG, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Feng-yu WANG, Wen LI. Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield of eight Elymus sibiricus varieties in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 123-132.
[2]	Zhong-li LI, Cong-ze JIANG, Ren-shi MA, Wei GAO, Na SHOU, Yu-ying SHEN, Xian-long YANG. Suitability of five forage sweet sorghum varieties for production in the dry plateau area of Longdong [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 50-62.
[3]	Rui-juan SANG, Chao-jie CUI, Yun HE, Xiao-xia ZHANG, Jin YAO, Chun-yang DONG, Hao SUN, Ying-hua SHI, Xiao-yan ZHU, De-feng LI. Lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumn-sown forage oat varieties in northern Henan Province [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 74-85.
[4]	Jie ZHAO, Heng-guang CHEN, Xiao-meng PEI, Hao YU, Yin-ying XU, Da-gan MAO. Effects of resveratrol supplementation in the perinatal diet on production performance， blood indexes， and transcript abundance of genes encoding inflammatory factors in goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 210-220.
[5]	Hong-fei LI, Bang-wei ZHOU, Miao ZHANG, Shu-nan SHI, Zhi-jian LI. Adaptability evaluation of different oat varieties introduced in the Hulunbuir region [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 60-72.
[6]	Qin FENG, Xiao-li HE, Bin WANG, Teng-fei WANG, Wang NI, Xia MA, Xue-hua MING, Jian-qiang DENG, Jian LAN. A study of mixed sowing effects for oat and common vetch in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 107-119.
[7]	Yan LI, Fu-long MA, Lu HAN, Hai-zhen WANG. Productivity and adaptability of ‘WL’ alfalfa varieties with different fall dormancy in the extremely arid region of Southern Xinjiang [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 139-149.
[8]	Xing-fa GAO, Ying-ying NIE, Li-jun XU, Min YANG, Shu-hua XU, Meng ZHU. Adaptability evaluation of oat introduction in winter fallow field of Wumeng Mountain area under drought condition [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(11): 215-227.
[9]	Jin-lan WANG, Xiao-jun WANG, Qi-lin LIU, Guo-ling LIANG, Ze-liang JU, Hong-mei SHI, Xiao-bing WANG, Pei WEN, Qingmeiranding, Wen LI. A multi-trait evaluation of production performance and nutritional quality of different oat varieties in the Sanjiangyuan area [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(10): 83-95.
[10]	Chun-yan REN, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Kai-qiang LIU, Jia-lei DUAN. Screening and adaptability evaluation of early maturing oats in alpine regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 116-129.
[11]	Teng-fei WANG, Bin WANG, Jian-qiang DENG, Man-you LI, Wang NI, Qin FENG, Yun-yun TUO, Jian LAN. Effect of sowing rate on yield and forage quality of a Dolichos lablab-Sorghum bicolor mixture under drip irrigation in arid areas of Ningxia [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 30-40.
[12]	Hong LI, Yun CHEN, Xiao-hong LIU, You-bin LIU, Yi-zhi DU. Factors affecting the soil erosion and scouring resistance of bank hedgerows in purple soil sloping cropland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 40-52.
[13]	Hai-yan WU, Ni QU, Zhen QU, Tongsangcuomu, Dawazhuoga, Deyang, Nimazhuoga, Zhao-ming LIU, Yu-shou MA. Comparison of crop yield and forage quality of six oat varieties in Angren County， Shigatse [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(4): 72-80.
[14]	Hui-hui ZHANG, Shang-li SHI, Bei WU, Zi-li LI, Xiao-long LI. A study of yield interactions in mixed sowings of alfalfa and three perennial grasses [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(2): 159-170.
[15]	Yi XIAO, Zhong-fu YANG, Gang NIE, Jia-ting HAN, Yang SHUAI, Xin-quan ZHANG. Multi-trait evaluation of yield and nutritive value of 12 Lolium multiflorum varieties or lines in Chengdu Plain [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 174-185.