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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 116-129.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022414

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Screening and adaptability evaluation of early maturing oats in alpine regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Chun-yan REN(), Guo-ling LIANG(), Wen-hui LIU, Kai-qiang LIU, Jia-lei DUAN   

  1. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2022-10-18 Revised:2022-12-12 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Guo-ling LIANG

Abstract:

In order to select and breed early-maturing Avena sativa varieties with high yield and quality adapted to the high altitude region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 595 oat germplasm lines planted in the Xining area were classified for maturity twenty two early-maturing oat lines with excellent yield were selected and evaluated for adaptability in 2 experimental sites in Haibei and Huangzhong. Early maturing oat lines with good production performance were selected for grain trait comparison, providing a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding early-maturing oats suitable for planting and promotion in the high altitude region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was found that: 1) Early-maturing oats mainly have a shorter duration of stem elongation and post-flowering maturation growth stages, and thus the whole reproductive period is shortened. The average hay yield of mid-season maturing and late-season maturing oat lines was higher (4744.8 and 4999.9 kg·ha-1, respectively) while the average grain yield of mid-maturing oat lines was the highest (3186.9 kg·ha-1). 2) Among the 22 early-maturing oat resources screened, the average forage yield was higher at the Haibei test site (10209.5 kg·ha-1), and the average grain yield was higher in the Huangzhong test site (2640.6 kg·ha-1). The average maturity date of oats at the Haibei test site at an altitude of 3100 m was 15.3 d later than at the Huangzhong test site at an altitude of 2700 m, and the maturation time of more than 116 d meant that the Haibei site could not be used for grain production. 3) The seed germination performance of oats grown at the Huangzhong test site was much higher than that of those grown at the Haibei test site. Lines QYJ 782 and QYJ 797 had good germination performance at both test sites. Based on multivariate analysis of oat yield and seed trait data, lines QYJ 782 and QYJ 797 are suitable for planting in the area surrounding lake in Qinghai province at an altitude of about 3100 m. They are able to mature successfully and forage yield and seed yield is significantly better than the currently promoted varieties. These lines can therefore be recommended for use in the region.

Key words: oats, early maturity, growth stage, production performance, adaptability