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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 86-99.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025186

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Multi-trait evaluation of the production performance and seed yield of new oat germplasm materials in the arid area of Ningxia

Yi-bo WANG1,2,3(), Xue-hua MING1,2,3, Jian-yong ZHANG4, Qi YUAN5, Jian-ming DU6, Bin WANG1,2,3, Teng-fei WANG1,2,3, Yi-yin ZHANG1,2,3, Jian LAN1,2,3, Le MU1,2,3()   

  1. 1.School of Forestry and Grassland Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Forage Efficient Production Mode Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation,Yinchuan 750002,China
    5.Guanzhuang Livestock and Veterinary Workstation in Longde County,Guyuan 756300,China
    6.Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-06-04 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-02-07
  • Contact: Le MU

Abstract:

There is limited genetic diversity among dryland oat germplasm resources and a paucity of oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the arid area of Ningxia. To address these problems, we conducted an experiment with a single-factor randomized block design to compare the performance of 21 new oat germplasm materials and three main varieties (CK1, CK2, CK3) at the Yanchi Sidunzi Experimental Base of Ningxia University in 2023. Differences in their agronomic traits, seed production performance, and germination characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis methods. The results show that the new strain L9 performed best in terms of core production indexes such as ear length (30.13 cm), grain number per plant (141.67 grains), crude protein yield (0.58 g·plant-1), seed width (3.36 mm), and actual seed yield (4726.33 kg·ha-1). L2 had multi-dimensional advantages of plant height (159.33 cm), dry weight per plant (5.69 g), 1000-grain weight (38.53 g), germination rate (98.67%), and seed yield (4423.53 kg·ha-1). The PCA multi-trait evaluation model showed that L9, L2, and L17 ranked as the top three varieties, with multivariate scores 23.6%-41.8% higher than those of CK1, CK2, and CK3. The cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance divided the test materials into three groups, among which group Ⅱ (L2, L9, L19) showed significantly better performance than the other groups in terms of key indicators such as seed yield, germination characteristics, and biomass accumulation (P<0.05). Two drought-resistant and high-yielding oat germplasm materials, L2 and L9, were screened out, and their seed yield was 18.02%-40.47% higher than that of the main varieties in the region. The results of this study not only identify excellent oat germplasm lines for cultivation in arid areas, but also highlight core parental resources for breeding new drought-resistant oat varieties.

Key words: oats, new germplasm, production performance, seed yield, principal component analysis, cluster analysis