Characteristics of understory herbaceous soil seed banks in Caragana korshinskii sand-fixation thickets of different ages in the Mu Us Sandy Land

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025329

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil seed bank serves as a crucial seed source for vegetation restoration in sandy areas. Investigating how it changes during prolonged periods of sand fixation holds significant scientific importance for combating desertification. This study focused on Caragana korshinskii sand-fixing thickets of different ages （10， 30， 50， and 70 years） in the Mu Us Sandy Land. By integrating field surveys， seed bank germination experiments， and soil physicochemical property analysis， we systematically analyzed the evolution of the soil seed bank and its driving factors across different periods of sand fixation. The results show that 28 plant species germinated from the soil seed bank. These 28 species belonged to 22 genera and 8 families， predominantly Asteraceae， Poaceae， and Amaranthaceae. As the period of sand fixation increased， the proportion of annual herbaceous plants gradually decreased， while that of perennial herbaceous plants progressively rose. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index， Margalef richness index， and Simpson dominance index all exhibited increasing trends with prolonged sand fixation， whereas the Pielou evenness index gradually declined. The soil seed bank density increased significantly as the period of sand fixation increased， from 303.31 to 5719.72 seeds·m?2. The seed bank was primarily concentrated in the 0-2 cm and 2-5 cm soil layers， and decreased progressively with increasing soil depth. The similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation exhibited moderate levels across all sites， except in the 30-year-old thicket， and showed a fluctuating increase with prolonged sand fixation. A redundancy analysis revealed that aboveground vegetation species evenness （F=4.0， P=0.016） was the significant vegetation factor affecting the seed bank， while soil available nitrogen （F=13.7， P=0.002） was the primary soil factor driving the seed bank. In conclusion， as the duration of sand fixation increased， the soil seed bank exhibited a successional trend characterized by enhanced diversity and increased density. This study provides a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and potential ecological enhancement in the Mu Us Sandy Land.

Key words: Mu Us Sandy Land, Caragana korshinskii, soil seed bank, ecological restoration

Wen-jie SHI, Xiao-wei LI, Zhen-qiang REN, Ji-de LIU, Ling LIU, Shu-xiang HAO, Yun-xia LI. Characteristics of understory herbaceous soil seed banks in Caragana korshinskii sand-fixation thickets of different ages in the Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 11

References 45

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物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	LF	占比Percentage （%）
物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	LF	10 a	30 a	50 a	70 a
短花针茅Stipa breviflora	禾本科Poaceae	针茅属Stipa	P	-	1.34±1.61	-	2.46±3.72
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	禾本科Poaceae	画眉草属Eragrostis	A	-	4.75±0.10	29.70±3.29	15.65±11.35
三芒草Aristida adscensionis	禾本科Poaceae	三芒草属Aristida	A	-	3.31±2.91	-	4.79±1.45
狗尾草Setaria viridis	禾本科Poaceae	狗尾草属Setaria	A	-	4.99±0.56	8.56±8.04	11.62±10.46
锋芒草Tragus mongolorum	禾本科Poaceae	锋芒草属Tragus	A	-	-	-	2.06±1.33
无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica	禾本科Poaceae	隐子草属Cleistogenes	P	-	-	-	0.75±0.13
赖草Leymus secalinus	禾本科Poaceae	赖草属Leymus	P	-	-	-	2.25±1.89
白沙蒿Artemisia blepharolepis	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	A	44.44±9.62	-	3.49±2.07	6.15±5.06
猪毛蒿A. scoparia	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	A	-	1.60±1.42	27.70±13.26	18.32±8.08
圆头蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	S	-	-	-	0.53±0.72
黑沙蒿A. ordosica	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	S	-	-	4.01±3.67	1.77±1.06
栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata	菊科Asteraceae	栉叶蒿属Neopallasia	A	16.67±28.87	-	-	0.82±0.43
中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis	菊科Asteraceae	苦荬菜属Ixeris	P	-	0.35±0.20	0.64±0.11	0.50±0.47
砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelinii	菊科Asteraceae	蓝刺头属Echinops	A	-	0.30±0.12	-	-
花花柴Karelinia caspia	菊科Asteraceae	花花柴属Karelinia	P	-	-	-	0.62±0.11
蒙古虫实Corispermum mongolicum	苋科Amaranthaceae	虫实属Corispermum	A	55.56±9.62	4.29±3.66	1.60±2.77	-
藜Chenopodium album	苋科Amaranthaceae	藜属Chenopodium	A	-	67.56±9.75	5.74±5.16	23.38±10.34
猪毛菜Salsola collina	苋科Amaranthaceae	猪毛菜属Salsola	A	-	1.50±2.60	-	-
刺沙蓬S. tragus	苋科Amaranthaceae	猪毛菜属Salsola	A	-	6.14±2.24	8.13±2.20	2.16±2.02
雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	苋科Amaranthaceae	雾冰藜属Grubovia	A	-	-	5.26±5.02	1.12±1.05
华北白前Vincetoxicum mongolicum	夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	白前属Vincetoxicum	P	-	0.35±0.60	-	-
地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides	夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	鹅绒藤属Cynanchum	P	-	-	-	2.00±0.55
蒙古葱Allium mongolicum	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱属Allium	P	-	2.14±2.13	4.23±2.47	0.91±0.88
细叶韭Allium tenuissimum	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱属Allium	P	-	-	1.60±1.56	0.43±0.73
远志Polygala tenuifolia	远志科Polygalaceae	远志属Polygala	P	-	1.09±1.88	-	-
地锦草Euphorbia humifusa	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	大戟属Euphorbia	A	-	0.30±0.12	-	0.53±0.62
沙生大戟Euphorbia kozlovi	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	大戟属Euphorbia	P	-	-	-	0.94±0.62
沙木蓼Atraphaxis bracteata	廖科Polygonaceae	木蓼属Atraphaxi	S	-	-	-	0.24±0.41

物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	LF	占比Percentage （%）
物种 Species	科 Family	属 Genus	LF	10 a	30 a	50 a	70 a
短花针茅Stipa breviflora	禾本科Poaceae	针茅属Stipa	P	-	1.34±1.61	-	2.46±3.72
画眉草Eragrostis pilosa	禾本科Poaceae	画眉草属Eragrostis	A	-	4.75±0.10	29.70±3.29	15.65±11.35
三芒草Aristida adscensionis	禾本科Poaceae	三芒草属Aristida	A	-	3.31±2.91	-	4.79±1.45
狗尾草Setaria viridis	禾本科Poaceae	狗尾草属Setaria	A	-	4.99±0.56	8.56±8.04	11.62±10.46
锋芒草Tragus mongolorum	禾本科Poaceae	锋芒草属Tragus	A	-	-	-	2.06±1.33
无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica	禾本科Poaceae	隐子草属Cleistogenes	P	-	-	-	0.75±0.13
赖草Leymus secalinus	禾本科Poaceae	赖草属Leymus	P	-	-	-	2.25±1.89
白沙蒿Artemisia blepharolepis	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	A	44.44±9.62	-	3.49±2.07	6.15±5.06
猪毛蒿A. scoparia	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	A	-	1.60±1.42	27.70±13.26	18.32±8.08
圆头蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	S	-	-	-	0.53±0.72
黑沙蒿A. ordosica	菊科Asteraceae	蒿属Artemisia	S	-	-	4.01±3.67	1.77±1.06
栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata	菊科Asteraceae	栉叶蒿属Neopallasia	A	16.67±28.87	-	-	0.82±0.43
中华苦荬菜Ixeris chinensis	菊科Asteraceae	苦荬菜属Ixeris	P	-	0.35±0.20	0.64±0.11	0.50±0.47
砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelinii	菊科Asteraceae	蓝刺头属Echinops	A	-	0.30±0.12	-	-
花花柴Karelinia caspia	菊科Asteraceae	花花柴属Karelinia	P	-	-	-	0.62±0.11
蒙古虫实Corispermum mongolicum	苋科Amaranthaceae	虫实属Corispermum	A	55.56±9.62	4.29±3.66	1.60±2.77	-
藜Chenopodium album	苋科Amaranthaceae	藜属Chenopodium	A	-	67.56±9.75	5.74±5.16	23.38±10.34
猪毛菜Salsola collina	苋科Amaranthaceae	猪毛菜属Salsola	A	-	1.50±2.60	-	-
刺沙蓬S. tragus	苋科Amaranthaceae	猪毛菜属Salsola	A	-	6.14±2.24	8.13±2.20	2.16±2.02
雾冰藜Grubovia dasyphylla	苋科Amaranthaceae	雾冰藜属Grubovia	A	-	-	5.26±5.02	1.12±1.05
华北白前Vincetoxicum mongolicum	夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	白前属Vincetoxicum	P	-	0.35±0.60	-	-
地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides	夹竹桃科Apocynaceae	鹅绒藤属Cynanchum	P	-	-	-	2.00±0.55
蒙古葱Allium mongolicum	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱属Allium	P	-	2.14±2.13	4.23±2.47	0.91±0.88
细叶韭Allium tenuissimum	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱属Allium	P	-	-	1.60±1.56	0.43±0.73
远志Polygala tenuifolia	远志科Polygalaceae	远志属Polygala	P	-	1.09±1.88	-	-
地锦草Euphorbia humifusa	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	大戟属Euphorbia	A	-	0.30±0.12	-	0.53±0.62
沙生大戟Euphorbia kozlovi	大戟科Euphorbiaceae	大戟属Euphorbia	P	-	-	-	0.94±0.62
沙木蓼Atraphaxis bracteata	廖科Polygonaceae	木蓼属Atraphaxi	S	-	-	-	0.24±0.41

生活型 Life form	固沙年限Sand-fixation durations
生活型 Life form	10 a	30 a	50 a	70 a
一年生草本Annual herb	100.00	94.65	90.45	86.91
多年生草本Perennial herb	-	5.02	6.27	8.57
灌木Shrub	-	-	3.28	1.97
藤本Liane	-	0.33	-	2.55

生活型 Life form	固沙年限Sand-fixation durations
生活型 Life form	10 a	30 a	50 a	70 a
一年生草本Annual herb	100.00	94.65	90.45	86.91
多年生草本Perennial herb	-	5.02	6.27	8.57
灌木Shrub	-	-	3.28	1.97
藤本Liane	-	0.33	-	2.55

项目 Item	环境因子 Environmental factors	解释量 Explains （%）	贡献率Contribution （%）	F	P
地上植被 Aboveground vegetation	均匀度指数Pielou index （E）	12.9	13.3	4.0	0.016*
	多样性指数Shannon-Wiener index （H）	7.3	7.5	2.7	0.086
	丰富度指数Margalef index （R）	2.6	2.7	1.2	0.356
	优势度指数Simpson index （D）	2.5	2.6	1.2	0.382
土壤因子 Soil factors	土壤速效氮Soil available nitrogen （SAN）	57.8	59.3	13.7	0.002**
	土壤酸碱度Soil pH	4.5	4.6	1.8	0.188
	土壤速效磷Soil available phosphorus （SAP）	4.0	4.1	1.8	0.172
	土壤容重Soil bulk density （SBD）	1.9	2.0	0.9	0.492
	土壤含水量Soil water content （SWC）	1.9	2.0	0.9	0.500
	土壤有机质Soil organic matter （SOM）	2.0	2.0	0.8	0.558
特征参数Characteristic parameter		轴1 Axis1	轴2 Axis2	轴3 Axis3	轴4 Axis4
特征值Eigenvalues		0.6337	0.2462	0.0558	0.0361
累计解释变异Cumulative explained variation		63.37	87.99	93.56	97.17
多样性-环境因子相关系数Correlation coefficient between diversity and environmental factor		0.9984	0.9576	0.9957	0.9860