Effects of the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer on fertility and microbial characteristics of purple soil and yield and quality of oilseed rape

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019338

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer on fertility and microbial characteristics of ‘purple soil’ (an Entisol in USDA taxonomy) and yield and quality of oilseed rape, so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating an optimal combination of biochar and chemical fertilizer in Southwest China. The treatments included: B₀F₁ (no biochar+reduced fertilization), B₀F₂ (no biochar+traditional fertilization), B₁F₁ (low biochar+reduced fertilization), B₁F₂ (low biochar+traditional fertilization), B₂F₁ (high biochar+reduced fertilization), and B₂F₂ (high biochar+traditional fertilization), arranged in a split-plot design. It was found that soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC) and total potassium (TK) increased significantly under B₁ and B₂, compared with values for B₀, while no significant difference was detected between F₁ and F₂. Biochar application promoted diversity of soil microorganisms with increased Shannon’s index (H), Simpson index (D) and abundance index of carbon source utilization (S), and improved the overall utilization ability of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers and phenolic compounds. Yield of oilseed increased significantly with application of biochar. Contents of erucic acid, glucosinolates and linolenic acid decreased, while levels of oleic acid and yellowness increased with application of biochar under F₁. Redundancy analysis showed that factors influencing oilseed quality included, in order of significance, TK, TC, TN, total phosphorus (TP), CEC and soil pH, among which TK, TC, TN and TP affected oilseed quality significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer significantly improved the fertility status of soil, increased the activity of soil microorganisms, and promoted the microbial utilization of carbon sources. The optimal application of biochar was 35 t·ha^-1. Biochar at this rate effectively offset the nutrient deficiency after the reduction of fertilizer, and improved the yield and quality of oilseed rape.

Key words: biochar, reduced fertilization, soil microorganisms, oilseed rape, redundancy analysis

XU Qi-wen, MA Shu-min, ZHU Bo, ZHANG Xiao-duan, XING Yi, DUAN Mei-chun, WANG Long-chang. Effects of the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer on fertility and microbial characteristics of purple soil and yield and quality of oilseed rape[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(5): 121-131.

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