Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 137-146.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020359
Xiao-fen CHEN1(), Lu-ping ZHANG2, Wen-jing QIN1, Jing-rui CHEN1, Yang-geng XU3, Ming LIU4, Zhong-pei LI4, Chang-xu XU1, Jia LIU1()
Received:
2020-07-28
Revised:
2020-10-10
Online:
2021-09-16
Published:
2021-09-16
Contact:
Jia LIU
Xiao-fen CHEN, Lu-ping ZHANG, Wen-jing QIN, Jing-rui CHEN, Yang-geng XU, Ming LIU, Zhong-pei LI, Chang-xu XU, Jia LIU. A study of the appropriate seeding rates for four winter green manure crops in an upland red soil of Southern China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(10): 137-146.
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | C (g·kg-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | K (g·kg-1) | Ca (g·kg-1) | Mg (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草V. myuros | 15 | 337.1±1.2b | 38.31±0.57a | 4.29±0.05a | 33.81±0.70a | 2.56±0.06ab | 1.67±0.02a |
30 | 338.4±6.3b | 35.33±1.12b | 4.09±0.03b | 33.68±0.66a | 2.49±0.03b | 1.60±0.05a | |
45 | 355.6±9.7a | 35.49±0.53b | 3.65±0.10c | 30.96±1.64b | 2.62±0.01ab | 1.41±0.03b | |
60 | 349.6±1.7ab | 35.84±0.26b | 3.63±0.02c | 30.24±0.26b | 2.63±0.17ab | 1.41±0.09b | |
75 | 357.2±15.3a | 32.57±0.38c | 3.33±0.03d | 30.31±0.48b | 2.84±0.35a | 1.37±0.05b | |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 15 | 339.0±4.6b | 43.61±1.08b | 5.68±0.12b | 39.22±0.90a | 5.60±0.07c | 2.82±0.02a |
30 | 309.9±6.3d | 36.28±1.32c | 5.21±0.14c | 38.57±0.53a | 5.65±0.05c | 2.65±0.06b | |
45 | 321.7±1.6c | 35.86±0.98c | 5.29±0.05c | 38.78±0.66a | 8.65±1.60a | 2.67±0.08b | |
60 | 365.3±3.7a | 48.58±2.59a | 5.99±0.05a | 38.46±0.28a | 6.87±0.04bc | 2.60±0.04b | |
75 | 367.0±4.2a | 46.23±3.27ab | 5.08±0.15c | 39.07±0.56a | 7.09±0.11b | 2.44±0.05c | |
冬油菜B. napus | 15 | 358.9±4.3bc | 33.21±1.13a | 4.82±0.29a | 47.61±0.21a | 8.18±0.18c | 2.24±0.10a |
30 | 373.8±4.4a | 32.09±1.38ab | 4.37±0.11b | 37.75±0.24c | 10.79±0.06a | 2.17±0.07a | |
45 | 351.1±3.4c | 30.67±0.25b | 4.34±0.26b | 42.46±1.11b | 9.63±0.19b | 2.34±0.10a | |
60 | 361.5±3.1abc | 27.66±0.27c | 3.19±0.10d | 41.99±1.12b | 9.33±0.43b | 1.67±0.10c | |
75 | 365.0±13.4ab | 28.08±0.90c | 3.74±0.04c | 38.62±0.73c | 9.22±0.31b | 1.84±0.10b | |
肥田萝卜R. sativus | 15 | 355.6±2.6a | 26.40±0.59c | 3.43±0.05d | 38.07±0.98b | 12.61±0.23c | 2.27±0.10b |
30 | 341.0±4.0b | 34.68±1.24ab | 4.60±0.07a | 41.36±1.49a | 14.99±0.61ab | 2.87±0.14a | |
45 | 362.1±6.5a | 33.43±0.56b | 3.67±0.02c | 31.17±0.24d | 15.47±0.19a | 2.21±0.13b | |
60 | 353.9±5.6a | 35.16±0.33a | 3.35±0.11d | 34.69±0.66c | 15.40±0.21ab | 2.12±0.03b | |
75 | 355.6±8.6a | 35.71±1.07a | 4.00±0.08b | 37.11±0.21b | 14.77±0.23b | 2.15±0.12b |
Table 1 Nutrient contents of the four winter green manures under different seeding rates
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | C (g·kg-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | K (g·kg-1) | Ca (g·kg-1) | Mg (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草V. myuros | 15 | 337.1±1.2b | 38.31±0.57a | 4.29±0.05a | 33.81±0.70a | 2.56±0.06ab | 1.67±0.02a |
30 | 338.4±6.3b | 35.33±1.12b | 4.09±0.03b | 33.68±0.66a | 2.49±0.03b | 1.60±0.05a | |
45 | 355.6±9.7a | 35.49±0.53b | 3.65±0.10c | 30.96±1.64b | 2.62±0.01ab | 1.41±0.03b | |
60 | 349.6±1.7ab | 35.84±0.26b | 3.63±0.02c | 30.24±0.26b | 2.63±0.17ab | 1.41±0.09b | |
75 | 357.2±15.3a | 32.57±0.38c | 3.33±0.03d | 30.31±0.48b | 2.84±0.35a | 1.37±0.05b | |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 15 | 339.0±4.6b | 43.61±1.08b | 5.68±0.12b | 39.22±0.90a | 5.60±0.07c | 2.82±0.02a |
30 | 309.9±6.3d | 36.28±1.32c | 5.21±0.14c | 38.57±0.53a | 5.65±0.05c | 2.65±0.06b | |
45 | 321.7±1.6c | 35.86±0.98c | 5.29±0.05c | 38.78±0.66a | 8.65±1.60a | 2.67±0.08b | |
60 | 365.3±3.7a | 48.58±2.59a | 5.99±0.05a | 38.46±0.28a | 6.87±0.04bc | 2.60±0.04b | |
75 | 367.0±4.2a | 46.23±3.27ab | 5.08±0.15c | 39.07±0.56a | 7.09±0.11b | 2.44±0.05c | |
冬油菜B. napus | 15 | 358.9±4.3bc | 33.21±1.13a | 4.82±0.29a | 47.61±0.21a | 8.18±0.18c | 2.24±0.10a |
30 | 373.8±4.4a | 32.09±1.38ab | 4.37±0.11b | 37.75±0.24c | 10.79±0.06a | 2.17±0.07a | |
45 | 351.1±3.4c | 30.67±0.25b | 4.34±0.26b | 42.46±1.11b | 9.63±0.19b | 2.34±0.10a | |
60 | 361.5±3.1abc | 27.66±0.27c | 3.19±0.10d | 41.99±1.12b | 9.33±0.43b | 1.67±0.10c | |
75 | 365.0±13.4ab | 28.08±0.90c | 3.74±0.04c | 38.62±0.73c | 9.22±0.31b | 1.84±0.10b | |
肥田萝卜R. sativus | 15 | 355.6±2.6a | 26.40±0.59c | 3.43±0.05d | 38.07±0.98b | 12.61±0.23c | 2.27±0.10b |
30 | 341.0±4.0b | 34.68±1.24ab | 4.60±0.07a | 41.36±1.49a | 14.99±0.61ab | 2.87±0.14a | |
45 | 362.1±6.5a | 33.43±0.56b | 3.67±0.02c | 31.17±0.24d | 15.47±0.19a | 2.21±0.13b | |
60 | 353.9±5.6a | 35.16±0.33a | 3.35±0.11d | 34.69±0.66c | 15.40±0.21ab | 2.12±0.03b | |
75 | 355.6±8.6a | 35.71±1.07a | 4.00±0.08b | 37.11±0.21b | 14.77±0.23b | 2.15±0.12b |
绿肥品种Green manure variety | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | 0.661** | -0.817** | -0.966** | -0.837** | 0.519* | -0.879** |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 0.681** | 0.456 | -0.172 | -0.095 | 0.470 | -0.887** |
冬油菜B. napus | -0.001 | -0.903** | -0.802** | -0.549* | 0.101 | -0.696** |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | 0.217 | 0.774** | -0.030 | -0.349 | 0.617* | -0.480 |
Table 2 Correlation coefficients between nutrient contents and seeding rates of the four winter green manures
绿肥品种Green manure variety | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | 0.661** | -0.817** | -0.966** | -0.837** | 0.519* | -0.879** |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 0.681** | 0.456 | -0.172 | -0.095 | 0.470 | -0.887** |
冬油菜B. napus | -0.001 | -0.903** | -0.802** | -0.549* | 0.101 | -0.696** |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | 0.217 | 0.774** | -0.030 | -0.349 | 0.617* | -0.480 |
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草V. myuros | 15 | 292±30c | 33.15±2.85b | 3.72±0.33c | 29.25±2.50c | 2.22±0.25c | 1.45±0.16c |
30 | 428±11a | 44.69±1.39a | 5.17±0.03a | 42.60±1.16a | 3.15±0.03ab | 2.02±0.05a | |
45 | 429±13a | 42.80±1.59a | 4.40±0.17b | 37.34±2.43b | 3.16±0.07ab | 1.70±0.07b | |
60 | 319±59bc | 32.67±5.77b | 3.32±0.62c | 27.55±4.83c | 2.38±0.29bc | 1.27±0.15c | |
75 | 375±13ab | 34.25±0.83b | 3.50±0.08c | 31.87±0.85c | 3.49±0.93a | 1.44±0.04c | |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 15 | 2402±303c | 308.09±28.53d | 40.29±5.39c | 277.76±34.84c | 39.60±4.36d | 19.96±2.19d |
30 | 3073±235bc | 358.96±8.97c | 51.65±2.94b | 382.35±27.70b | 55.97±3.15c | 26.30±1.99b | |
45 | 3200±107bc | 356.53±5.29c | 52.62±2.35b | 385.86±16.91b | 86.38±18.84a | 26.51±1.07b | |
60 | 4129±91a | 548.63±13.32a | 67.75±1.59a | 434.72±12.00a | 77.66±1.94ab | 29.38±0.69a | |
75 | 3481±147b | 438.01±24.24b | 48.18±1.61b | 370.42±6.24b | 67.21±2.22bc | 23.15±0.79c | |
冬油菜B. napus | 15 | 324±45c | 29.93±3.20c | 4.36±0.66d | 42.98±5.40d | 7.39±1.01c | 2.03±0.35d |
30 | 1053±45b | 90.46±6.63b | 12.31±0.84c | 106.41±6.20c | 30.42±1.76b | 6.13±0.52c | |
45 | 1843±498a | 161.23±45.00a | 22.57±4.89a | 221.90±55.63a | 50.37±12.91a | 12.18±2.96a | |
60 | 1966±82a | 150.41±4.02a | 17.32±0.59b | 228.23±3.54a | 50.73±2.84a | 9.04±0.31b | |
75 | 1650±101a | 127.29±13.49ab | 16.95±1.38b | 174.71±12.15b | 41.66±2.24a | 8.31±0.38bc | |
肥田萝卜R. sativus | 15 | 2880±245d | 213.73±17.13e | 27.77±2.41e | 308.61±31.82c | 102.19±9.79d | 18.42±2.06d |
30 | 3043±90d | 309.72±19.92d | 41.04±2.27d | 368.84±4.68b | 133.65±2.85c | 25.62±0.77c | |
45 | 4516±175c | 416.74±7.47c | 45.71±1.18c | 388.62±5.48b | 192.86±5.91b | 27.55±1.23bc | |
60 | 5299±266a | 526.30±21.57a | 50.16±2.26b | 519.37±23.90a | 230.51±9.08a | 31.73±1.72a | |
75 | 4873±110b | 489.36±18.11b | 54.85±1.37a | 508.51±3.82a | 202.42±1.78b | 29.49±1.55ab |
Table 3 Nutrient accumulation of the four winter green manures under different seeding rates (kg·hm-2)
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草V. myuros | 15 | 292±30c | 33.15±2.85b | 3.72±0.33c | 29.25±2.50c | 2.22±0.25c | 1.45±0.16c |
30 | 428±11a | 44.69±1.39a | 5.17±0.03a | 42.60±1.16a | 3.15±0.03ab | 2.02±0.05a | |
45 | 429±13a | 42.80±1.59a | 4.40±0.17b | 37.34±2.43b | 3.16±0.07ab | 1.70±0.07b | |
60 | 319±59bc | 32.67±5.77b | 3.32±0.62c | 27.55±4.83c | 2.38±0.29bc | 1.27±0.15c | |
75 | 375±13ab | 34.25±0.83b | 3.50±0.08c | 31.87±0.85c | 3.49±0.93a | 1.44±0.04c | |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 15 | 2402±303c | 308.09±28.53d | 40.29±5.39c | 277.76±34.84c | 39.60±4.36d | 19.96±2.19d |
30 | 3073±235bc | 358.96±8.97c | 51.65±2.94b | 382.35±27.70b | 55.97±3.15c | 26.30±1.99b | |
45 | 3200±107bc | 356.53±5.29c | 52.62±2.35b | 385.86±16.91b | 86.38±18.84a | 26.51±1.07b | |
60 | 4129±91a | 548.63±13.32a | 67.75±1.59a | 434.72±12.00a | 77.66±1.94ab | 29.38±0.69a | |
75 | 3481±147b | 438.01±24.24b | 48.18±1.61b | 370.42±6.24b | 67.21±2.22bc | 23.15±0.79c | |
冬油菜B. napus | 15 | 324±45c | 29.93±3.20c | 4.36±0.66d | 42.98±5.40d | 7.39±1.01c | 2.03±0.35d |
30 | 1053±45b | 90.46±6.63b | 12.31±0.84c | 106.41±6.20c | 30.42±1.76b | 6.13±0.52c | |
45 | 1843±498a | 161.23±45.00a | 22.57±4.89a | 221.90±55.63a | 50.37±12.91a | 12.18±2.96a | |
60 | 1966±82a | 150.41±4.02a | 17.32±0.59b | 228.23±3.54a | 50.73±2.84a | 9.04±0.31b | |
75 | 1650±101a | 127.29±13.49ab | 16.95±1.38b | 174.71±12.15b | 41.66±2.24a | 8.31±0.38bc | |
肥田萝卜R. sativus | 15 | 2880±245d | 213.73±17.13e | 27.77±2.41e | 308.61±31.82c | 102.19±9.79d | 18.42±2.06d |
30 | 3043±90d | 309.72±19.92d | 41.04±2.27d | 368.84±4.68b | 133.65±2.85c | 25.62±0.77c | |
45 | 4516±175c | 416.74±7.47c | 45.71±1.18c | 388.62±5.48b | 192.86±5.91b | 27.55±1.23bc | |
60 | 5299±266a | 526.30±21.57a | 50.16±2.26b | 519.37±23.90a | 230.51±9.08a | 31.73±1.72a | |
75 | 4873±110b | 489.36±18.11b | 54.85±1.37a | 508.51±3.82a | 202.42±1.78b | 29.49±1.55ab |
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 养分元素 Nutrient element | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | R2 | P值 P value | 最高积累量的播种量 Corresponding seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 理论最高积累量 Theoretical maximum accumulation (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | C | y=0.0074x3-1.091x2+47.63x-205.61 | 0.942 | 0.000 | 32.7 | 444.0 |
N | y=0.0006x3-0.093x2+4.034x-8.798 | 0.977 | 0.000 | 31.2 | 45.0 | |
P | y=0.00009x3-0.013x2+0.523x-1.624 | 0.995 | 0.000 | 31.5 | 5.2 | |
K | y=0.0008x3-0.116x2+4.87x-20.432 | 0.998 | 0.000 | 30.7 | 42.7 | |
Ca | y=0.024x+2.134 | 0.172 | 0.321 | - | - | |
Mg | y=0.00004x3-0.005x2+0.217x-0.748 | 0.999 | 0.000 | 32.2 | 2.1 | |
毛叶苕子 V. villosa | C | y=-0.583x2+73.907x+1374.057 | 0.807 | 0.000 | 63.4 | 3716.4 |
N | y=-0.12x2+13.762x+103.627 | 0.785 | 0.001 | 57.3 | 498.2 | |
P | y=-0.015x2+1.575x+18.683 | 0.611 | 0.003 | 52.5 | 60.0 | |
K | y=-0.093x2+9.939x+152.708 | 0.798 | 0.000 | 53.4 | 418.3 | |
Ca | y=-0.029x2+3.163x-4.089 | 0.749 | 0.000 | 54.5 | 82.2 | |
Mg | y=-0.007x2+0.706x+10.972 | 0.760 | 0.000 | 50.4 | 28.8 | |
冬油菜 B. napus | C | y=-0.875x2+102.502x-1079.995 | 0.893 | 0.000 | 58.6 | 1921.9 |
N | y=-0.079x2+8.809x-88.992 | 0.849 | 0.000 | 55.8 | 156.6 | |
P | y=-0.01x2+1.12x-10.427 | 0.806 | 0.000 | 56.0 | 20.9 | |
K | y=-0.109x2+12.37x-132.269 | 0.850 | 0.000 | 56.7 | 218.7 | |
Ca | y=-0.027x2+2.987x-32.445 | 0.904 | 0.000 | 55.3 | 50.2 | |
Mg | y=-0.006x2+0.642x-6.526 | 0.783 | 0.000 | 53.5 | 10.6 | |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | C | y=-0.593x2+94.997x+1315.474 | 0.840 | 0.000 | 80.1 | 5120.0 |
N | y=-0.084x2+12.642x+29.167 | 0.944 | 0.000 | 75.3 | 504.8 | |
P | y=-0.006x2+0.918x+16.241 | 0.951 | 0.000 | 76.5 | 51.4 | |
K | y=-0.053x2+8.408x+184.218 | 0.938 | 0.000 | 79.3 | 517.7 | |
Ca | y=-0.045x2+6.001x+12.809 | 0.909 | 0.000 | 66.7 | 212.9 | |
Mg | y=-0.005x2+0.664x+9.77 | 0.895 | 0.000 | 66.4 | 31.8 |
Table 4 Relationship between nutrient accumulation and seeding rates of the four winter green manures
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 养分元素 Nutrient element | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | R2 | P值 P value | 最高积累量的播种量 Corresponding seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 理论最高积累量 Theoretical maximum accumulation (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | C | y=0.0074x3-1.091x2+47.63x-205.61 | 0.942 | 0.000 | 32.7 | 444.0 |
N | y=0.0006x3-0.093x2+4.034x-8.798 | 0.977 | 0.000 | 31.2 | 45.0 | |
P | y=0.00009x3-0.013x2+0.523x-1.624 | 0.995 | 0.000 | 31.5 | 5.2 | |
K | y=0.0008x3-0.116x2+4.87x-20.432 | 0.998 | 0.000 | 30.7 | 42.7 | |
Ca | y=0.024x+2.134 | 0.172 | 0.321 | - | - | |
Mg | y=0.00004x3-0.005x2+0.217x-0.748 | 0.999 | 0.000 | 32.2 | 2.1 | |
毛叶苕子 V. villosa | C | y=-0.583x2+73.907x+1374.057 | 0.807 | 0.000 | 63.4 | 3716.4 |
N | y=-0.12x2+13.762x+103.627 | 0.785 | 0.001 | 57.3 | 498.2 | |
P | y=-0.015x2+1.575x+18.683 | 0.611 | 0.003 | 52.5 | 60.0 | |
K | y=-0.093x2+9.939x+152.708 | 0.798 | 0.000 | 53.4 | 418.3 | |
Ca | y=-0.029x2+3.163x-4.089 | 0.749 | 0.000 | 54.5 | 82.2 | |
Mg | y=-0.007x2+0.706x+10.972 | 0.760 | 0.000 | 50.4 | 28.8 | |
冬油菜 B. napus | C | y=-0.875x2+102.502x-1079.995 | 0.893 | 0.000 | 58.6 | 1921.9 |
N | y=-0.079x2+8.809x-88.992 | 0.849 | 0.000 | 55.8 | 156.6 | |
P | y=-0.01x2+1.12x-10.427 | 0.806 | 0.000 | 56.0 | 20.9 | |
K | y=-0.109x2+12.37x-132.269 | 0.850 | 0.000 | 56.7 | 218.7 | |
Ca | y=-0.027x2+2.987x-32.445 | 0.904 | 0.000 | 55.3 | 50.2 | |
Mg | y=-0.006x2+0.642x-6.526 | 0.783 | 0.000 | 53.5 | 10.6 | |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | C | y=-0.593x2+94.997x+1315.474 | 0.840 | 0.000 | 80.1 | 5120.0 |
N | y=-0.084x2+12.642x+29.167 | 0.944 | 0.000 | 75.3 | 504.8 | |
P | y=-0.006x2+0.918x+16.241 | 0.951 | 0.000 | 76.5 | 51.4 | |
K | y=-0.053x2+8.408x+184.218 | 0.938 | 0.000 | 79.3 | 517.7 | |
Ca | y=-0.045x2+6.001x+12.809 | 0.909 | 0.000 | 66.7 | 212.9 | |
Mg | y=-0.005x2+0.664x+9.77 | 0.895 | 0.000 | 66.4 | 31.8 |
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 鲜重 Fresh weight | 干重 Dry weight | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Vmin | Vmax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | 31.0 | 32.3 | 32.7 | 31.2 | 31.5 | 30.7 | - | 32.2 | 30.7 | 32.7 |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 59.6 | 53.1 | 63.4 | 57.3 | 52.5 | 53.4 | 54.5 | 50.4 | 50.4 | 63.4 |
冬油菜B. napus | 61.4 | 58.1 | 58.6 | 55.8 | 56.0 | 56.7 | 55.3 | 53.5 | 53.5 | 61.4 |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | 63.3 | 63.0 | 80.1 | 75.3 | 76.5 | 79.3 | 66.7 | 66.4 | 63.0 | 80.1 |
Table 5 Ranges of appropriate seeding rate of the four winter green manures in upland red soil (kg·hm-2)
绿肥品种 Green manure variety | 鲜重 Fresh weight | 干重 Dry weight | C | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Vmin | Vmax |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼠茅草 V. myuros | 31.0 | 32.3 | 32.7 | 31.2 | 31.5 | 30.7 | - | 32.2 | 30.7 | 32.7 |
毛叶苕子V. villosa | 59.6 | 53.1 | 63.4 | 57.3 | 52.5 | 53.4 | 54.5 | 50.4 | 50.4 | 63.4 |
冬油菜B. napus | 61.4 | 58.1 | 58.6 | 55.8 | 56.0 | 56.7 | 55.3 | 53.5 | 53.5 | 61.4 |
肥田萝卜 R. sativus | 63.3 | 63.0 | 80.1 | 75.3 | 76.5 | 79.3 | 66.7 | 66.4 | 63.0 | 80.1 |
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