Species diversity and phylogenetic diversity in Bayinbrook alpine grasslands： elevation gradient distribution patterns and drivers

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022328

Abstract

Abstract:

Coastal gradient studies of plant community species diversity and phylogenetic diversity can clarify the influence of environmental conditions on community construction and can provide insight into community construction mechanisms. This research studied the trends in plant community species diversity and phylogenetic diversity and their environmental drivers along an altitude gradient from 2200-3000 m. a.s.l. in Bayinbrook alpine meadow， to explore the influence of environmental factors in the processes of species coexistence and diversity maintenance in community construction. It was found that： 1） With increase in altitude， the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index of the community showed a unimodal change trend， with peaks at 2400 and 2600 m， respectively. The community Pielou uniformity index showed a gradual downward trend； the PD index showed a downward trend as a whole， and the phylogenetic structure gradually changed from a dispersed status to an aggregated status. 2） The phylogenetic structure indexes NTI and NRI showed a significant negative correlation with the species diversity index （P<0.05）， and the PD index and species diversity index showed a significant positive correlation （P<0.05）. 3） The degree of influence of various soil factors on different diversity indices differed； NH₄⁺-N content was the main factor affecting species diversity and phylogenetic indexes， followed by total potassium content. Soil total nitrogen content had significant effects on NTI （P<0.05）. NRI was significantly affected by total potassium content （P<0.05）， the phylogenetic impact index PD was significantly affected by total phosphorus （P<0.05）， and species diversity index was significantly affected by pH （P<0.01）. The species diversity and phylogenetic diversity of coastal altitude gradient communities are interrelated， and the two show different response strategies along the altitude gradient due to the influence of environmental factors.

Key words: species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic structure, soil environmental factors

Zi-li LYU, Bin LIU, Feng CHANG, Zi-jing MA, Qiu-mei CAO. Species diversity and phylogenetic diversity in Bayinbrook alpine grasslands： elevation gradient distribution patterns and drivers[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 12-22.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Formula for calculating the index of functional diversity lineage diversity and phylogenetic structure

指数 Index	计算公式 Formula	参数含义 Parameter meaning
净谱系亲缘关系指数 Net relatedness index （NRI）	$N R I = - 1 × M P D s - M P D m d s S D (M P D m d s)$	式中： MPDs表示平均谱系距离观测值， MPDmds表示通过软件随机 999 次模拟出平均谱系距离的平均值，SD 为标准差。In the formula： MPDs represents the observed value of average pedigree distance， MPDmds indicates that the average pedigree distance is randomly simulated 999 times by software， and SD is the standard deviation.
净最近种间亲缘关系指数 Net nearest taxa index （NTI）	$N T I = - 1 × M N T D s - M P N T m d s S D (M P D m d s)$	式中： MNTDs表示最近相邻谱系距离平均观测值， MNTDmds表示通过软件随机 999 次模拟出最近相邻谱系距离的平均值， SD 为标准差。In the formula： MNTDs represents the average observed distance of the nearest adjacent lineage， MNTDmds indicates that the average distance of the nearest adjacent pedigree is simulated randomly 999 times by the software， and SD is the standard deviation.
物种丰富度指数 Species richness index （R）	R=S	式中： S为样地物种数。In the formula： S is the number of species in the sample plot.
Simpson丰富度指数 Simpson richness index （D）	$D = - l n ? ∑ i = 1 s N i N 2$	式中： $N i$ 为第i物种的重要值，N为样地中所有物种的重要值。In the formula： $N i$ is the important value of species i， and N is the important value of all species in the sample plot.
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H'）	$H' = - ∑ i = 1 s P i l n P i$	式中： S代表样地或层次中的物种总数， $P i$ 为第i个物种的相对重要值。 $P i$ = $N i$ / $N$ 。 $N i$ 为第i物种的重要值，N为样地中所有物种的重要值。In the formula： S represents the total number of species in the sample plot or hierarchy， and $P i$ is the relative important value of the i species. $P i$ = $N i$ / $N$ . $N i$ is the important value of the species i， and N is the important value of all species in the sample plot.
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index （J）	$J = - ∑ i = 1 s P i l n P i l n S$	式中： S代表样地或层次中的物种总数， $P i$ 为第i个物种的相对重要值。In the formula： S represents the total number of species in the sample plot or hierarchy， and $P i$ is the relative important value of the i species.

Table 1 Formula for calculating the index of functional diversity lineage diversity and phylogenetic structure

指数 Index	计算公式 Formula	参数含义 Parameter meaning
净谱系亲缘关系指数 Net relatedness index （NRI）	$N R I = - 1 × M P D s - M P D m d s S D (M P D m d s)$	式中： MPDs表示平均谱系距离观测值， MPDmds表示通过软件随机 999 次模拟出平均谱系距离的平均值，SD 为标准差。In the formula： MPDs represents the observed value of average pedigree distance， MPDmds indicates that the average pedigree distance is randomly simulated 999 times by software， and SD is the standard deviation.
净最近种间亲缘关系指数 Net nearest taxa index （NTI）	$N T I = - 1 × M N T D s - M P N T m d s S D (M P D m d s)$	式中： MNTDs表示最近相邻谱系距离平均观测值， MNTDmds表示通过软件随机 999 次模拟出最近相邻谱系距离的平均值， SD 为标准差。In the formula： MNTDs represents the average observed distance of the nearest adjacent lineage， MNTDmds indicates that the average distance of the nearest adjacent pedigree is simulated randomly 999 times by the software， and SD is the standard deviation.
物种丰富度指数 Species richness index （R）	R=S	式中： S为样地物种数。In the formula： S is the number of species in the sample plot.
Simpson丰富度指数 Simpson richness index （D）	$D = - l n ? ∑ i = 1 s N i N 2$	式中： $N i$ 为第i物种的重要值，N为样地中所有物种的重要值。In the formula： $N i$ is the important value of species i， and N is the important value of all species in the sample plot.
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H'）	$H' = - ∑ i = 1 s P i l n P i$	式中： S代表样地或层次中的物种总数， $P i$ 为第i个物种的相对重要值。 $P i$ = $N i$ / $N$ 。 $N i$ 为第i物种的重要值，N为样地中所有物种的重要值。In the formula： S represents the total number of species in the sample plot or hierarchy， and $P i$ is the relative important value of the i species. $P i$ = $N i$ / $N$ . $N i$ is the important value of the species i， and N is the important value of all species in the sample plot.
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index （J）	$J = - ∑ i = 1 s P i l n P i l n S$	式中： S代表样地或层次中的物种总数， $P i$ 为第i个物种的相对重要值。In the formula： S represents the total number of species in the sample plot or hierarchy， and $P i$ is the relative important value of the i species.

Fig.1 Changes in species diversity index at different altitudes

Fig.2 Changes in phylogenetic diversity index and structure index of different altitude gradients

Fig.3 Pearson correlation among the community species diversity index， the phylogenetic diversity index， the structural index

Fig.4 RDA ranking of phylogenetic diversity index， structural index， species diversity index and soil environmental factors

Table 2 Significance test of soil environmental impact factors

土壤环境影响因子Soil environmental impact factors	R²	P值P value	第一主轴得分RDA1	第二主轴得分RDA2
全氮Total nitrogen （TN）	0.0294	0.305	-0.17304	0.42369
全磷Total phosphorus （TP）	-0.0550	0.586	-0.21013	0.30736
全钾Total potassium （TK）	0.1674	0.054	0.28023	-0.72105
铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）	0.5927	0.001**	-0.91952	-0.03867
pH	-0.0235	0.590	-0.28353	0.18394
总盐Total salt （TS）	-0.0454	0.658	0.10092	0.56439
硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen （NN）	0.0721	0.203	0.22383	0.86144
速效磷Available phosphorus （AP）	-0.0285	0.526	-0.19898	0.71442
速效钾Available potassium （AK）	0.1945	0.043*	0.44546	0.80393
有机质Organic matter （OM）	-0.0556	0.756	-0.25739	0.41663

Table 3 Stepwise regression analysis of major soil environmental factors affecting species diversity index， PD index， NRI and NTI

项目 Item	AIC	R²	影响因素 Impact factor	预估值 Estimate	标准误差 Std.error	t值 t-value
净最近种间亲缘关系指数 Net nearest taxa index （NTI）	54.03	0.7814	全氮Total nitrogen （TN）*	-0.11519	0.04248	-2.712
净最近种间亲缘关系指数 Net nearest taxa index （NTI）	54.03	0.7814	铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	-0.27428	0.02990	-9.173
净谱系亲缘关系指数 Net relatedness index （NRI）	-62.59	0.8757	全钾Total potassium （TK）*	0.05729	0.03694	1.551
净谱系亲缘关系指数 Net relatedness index （NRI）	-62.59	0.8757	铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	-0.35362	0.02608	-13.557
系统发育多样性指数 Phylogenetic diversity index （PD）	74.52	0.6584	全磷Total phosphorus （TP）*	-0.7285	0.2660	-2.738
			铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	2.3243	0.3116	7.460
			pH	-22.4648	7.2940	-3.080
			总盐Total salt （TS）	2.6972	1.7594	1.533
Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index （J）	-164.72	0.6190	全氮Total nitrogen （TN）*	-0.017990	0.011396	-1.579
			全钾Total potassium （TK）**	-0.029450	0.009118	-3.230
			铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	0.030580	0.005471	5.590
			pH**	-0.458820	0.150926	-3.040
			总盐Total salt （TS）**	0.118968	0.038658	3.077
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H'）	-105.03	0.5823	全钾Total potassium （TK）*	0.04755	0.01937	2.455
			铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	0.08394	0.01431	5.866
			pH**	-1.21126	0.37073	-3.267
Simpson丰富度指数 Simpson richness index （D）	-172.75	0.6136	全氮Total nitrogen （TN）	-0.017600	0.009969	-1.765
			全钾Total potassium （TK）**	-0.025080	0.007977	-3.145
			铵态氮Amino nitrogen （AN）***	0.026642	0.004786	5.567
			pH**	-0.268110	0.132031	-2.031
			总盐Total salt （TS）**	0.100319	0.033819	2.966

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