Effects of drought stress and rehydration on the growth and physiological characteristics of annual herbaceous plants from a desert-oasis ecotone

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023302

Abstract

Abstract:

In desert-oasis ecotones， many annual herbaceous plant populations form permanent plant synusiae， which play important roles as windbreaks and in sand fixation， thereby protecting the stability of the oasis ecosystem. In this study， we selected Chloris virgata， Setaria viridis， Halogeton arachnoideus， Agriophyllum squarrosum， and Bassia dasyphylla as five typical annual herbaceous plants under artificial forests in a typical desert-oasis ecotone in the Hexi Corridor， and conducted pot experiments with simulated drought and rehydration treatments. We measured the changes in root and leaf growth traits （i.e.， plant height， root volume， average root diameter， total root surface area， total root length， and root dry weight） and physiological characteristics （i.e.， root activity， contents of photosynthetic pigments， malondialdehyde， osmotic adjustment substances， and antioxidant enzyme activity） of seedlings of the five plants to analyze their adaptive strategies to drought stress. The results showed that light drought stress （i.e.， soil moisture decreased by 2% compared with the control） had no significant negative effect on the growth of the five annual herbaceous plants， but promoted their growth to some extent. Plant growth was significantly inhibited under moderate （soil moisture decreased by 4%） and severe （soil moisture decreased by 6%） drought stress. The contents of malondialdehyde and osmoregulatory substances and the activity of peroxidase in the roots and leaves increased with increasing severity of drought stress； but the root activity decreased significantly. The activity of superoxide dismutase in the roots of the annual Gramineae C. virgata and S. viridis increased with increasing severity of drought stress； however， its activity in the roots of A. squarrosum and B. dasyphylla （Chenopodiaceae） initially increased and then decreased with increasing severity of drought stress. Upon rehydration treatments， the growth and physiology of all five plant species were compensated to different degrees. Roots recovered better than did leaves， and shallow-rooted plants were better able to recover than deep-rooted ones. The drought tolerance of the five annual herbs differed significantly， and they were ranked from most to least drought tolerant as follows： S. viridis>H. arachnoideus>B. dasyphylla>C. virgata>A. squarrosum.

Key words: annual herbaceous plants, drought stress, rehydration, growth, physiological characteristic

Lu-jing ZENG, Guo-hua WANG. Effects of drought stress and rehydration on the growth and physiological characteristics of annual herbaceous plants from a desert-oasis ecotone[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(5): 41-57.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Precipitation and mean temperature changes in the study area from 2005-2021

Fig.2 Growth characteristics of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.3 Root activity of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.4 Chlorophyll content of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.5 Cell membrane stability of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.6 Antioxidant enzymes （SOD， POD） activity of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.7 The contents of osmoregulatory substances of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.8 Correlation of growth and physiological indicators of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress and rehydration

Fig.9 Early growth path of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress

Table 1 Affiliation function values and ranking of drought tolerance indicators for five annual herbaceous plants

物种 Species	指标Indexes																						平均值Average	排序Order
物种 Species	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆	X₁₇	X₁₈	X₁₉	X₂₀	X₂₁	X₂₂	平均值Average	排序Order
虎尾草C. virgata	0.21	0.27	0.27	0.31	0.36	0.32	0.48	0.52	0.39	0.27	0.19	0.42	0.57	0.40	0.43	0.41	0.40	0.51	0.64	0.38	0.60	0.51	0.404	4
狗尾草S. viridis	0.31	0.46	0.45	0.56	0.42	0.39	0.52	0.17	0.57	0.49	0.19	0.51	0.33	0.36	0.32	0.35	0.56	0.68	0.60	0.41	0.38	0.62	0.438	1
白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus	0.53	0.41	0.35	0.48	0.27	0.52	0.52	0.72	0.50	0.40	0.43	0.45	0.37	0.39	0.55	0.46	0.32	0.33	0.38	0.29	0.26	0.53	0.430	2
沙米A. squarrosum	0.33	0.28	0.17	0.19	0.28	0.40	0.35	0.52	0.38	0.36	0.43	0.33	0.50	0.48	0.50	0.49	0.46	0.49	0.33	0.47	0.47	0.35	0.390	5
雾冰藜B. dasyphylla	0.37	0.33	0.43	0.36	0.43	0.32	0.47	0.64	0.52	0.47	0.28	0.50	0.51	0.56	0.50	0.54	0.30	0.44	0.49	0.22	0.39	0.35	0.428	3

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