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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 42-53.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025269

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Effects of summer decomposition of yak and Xizang sheep dung on soil nutrients in the Peri-Qinghai Lake Region

Meng-qi LI1(), Quan-min DONG1,2, Cai-cai SUN1, Wei-dong LYU1, Wei XU1, Yu-zhen LIU1,2, Wen-ting LIU1,2, Xiao-xia YANG1,2()   

  1. 1.Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source,Ministry of Education,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-08-28 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-02-07
  • Contact: Xiao-xia YANG

Abstract:

Yaks and Xizang sheep are the primary grazing livestock on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The decomposition of their dung exerts a direct effect on alpine grassland ecosystems, yet the mechanisms and differences in how these two types of dung affect soil nutrients remain poorly understood. In this study, the nylon mesh bag method was used to monitor nutrient release dynamics from fresh yak and Xizang sheep dung of equal dry weight. A concentric-circle stratified sampling approach was employed to investigate the migration and enrichment patterns of nutrients released from dung decomposition along the vertical (below-dung) and horizontal (around-dung) directions in the soil. The results indicated that: 1) The total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents in fresh yak and Xizang sheep dung were 333.39 and 311.41 g·kg?1, 22.25 and 15.51 g·kg?1, and 6.95 and 7.47 g·kg?1, respectively; 2) After 45 days of natural decomposition, the losses in dry matter, TC, TN, and TP were 28.58% and 12.82%, 23.68% and 17.85%, 9.35% and 15.54%, and 22.45% and 30.21% for yak and Xizang sheep dung, respectively; 3) On the 45th day of decomposition, the soil TC content reached its peak under both dung treatments. The TP content in the soil around Xizang sheep dung was slightly higher than that around yak dung, while the TN content beneath and around yak dung was higher than that in the Xizang sheep dung treatment; 4) The enrichment rate for TC beneath Xizang sheep dung was significantly higher than that beneath yak dung after 45 days of decomposition, but no significant differences were detected in the TN enrichment rates between the two types of dung in either the below-dung or around-dung soil sampling. In summary, fresh yak dung contained higher TC and TN than Xizang sheep dung, decomposed more rapidly, and released nitrogen more strongly. In contrast, Xizang sheep dung facilitated more sustained soil carbon enrichment. Both types of dung promoted phosphorus accumulation, and nutrient migration was more pronounced in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.

Key words: alpine grassland, yak, Xizang sheep, dung decomposition, soil nutrients, nutrient enrichment