ISSN 1004-5759 CN 62-1105/S
Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 142-153.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025335
Qiong ZHANG(
), Yi-ya LI, Luan-mei LU, Zheng-bin CHEN, Li-xia ZHU
Received:2025-08-18
Revised:2025-11-03
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-07-27
Contact:
Qiong ZHANG
Qiong ZHANG, Yi-ya LI, Luan-mei LU, Zheng-bin CHEN, Li-xia ZHU. Biological characteristics and risk analysis of the alien invasive plant Pluchea sagittalis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 142-153.
指标 Index | 最小值 Minimum value | 最大值 Maximum value | 平均值 Mean value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 密度Density （plant·m-2） | 1 | 15 | 4.03±0.60 |
| 平均高度Average height （cm） | 10 | 250 | 64.98±7.70 |
| 盖度Coverage （cm2） | 100 | 6000 | 1509.14±253.67 |
| 相对盖度Relative coverage （%） | 1 | 99 | 15.51±3.78 |
Table 1 Population characteristics of P. sagittalis
指标 Index | 最小值 Minimum value | 最大值 Maximum value | 平均值 Mean value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 密度Density （plant·m-2） | 1 | 15 | 4.03±0.60 |
| 平均高度Average height （cm） | 10 | 250 | 64.98±7.70 |
| 盖度Coverage （cm2） | 100 | 6000 | 1509.14±253.67 |
| 相对盖度Relative coverage （%） | 1 | 99 | 15.51±3.78 |
| 物种Species | 科名Family | 重要值Important value |
|---|---|---|
| 马尼拉草Zoysia matrella | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.8661 |
| 翼茎阔苞菊P. sagittalis | 菊科Compositae | 0.3194 |
| 扁穗莎草Cyperus compressus | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.2402 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 菊科Compositae | 0.1377 |
| 白花蛇舌草Scleromitrion diffusum | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 0.0974 |
| 一点红Emilia sonchifolia | 菊科Compositae | 0.0599 |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 菊科Compositae | 0.0566 |
| 异型莎草Cyperus difformis | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.0430 |
| 苏门白酒草Erigeron sumatrensis | 菊科Compositae | 0.0426 |
| 毛蕨Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 0.0366 |
| 鸡屎藤Paederia foetida | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 0.0187 |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | 叶下珠科Euphorbiaceae | 0.0127 |
| 假臭草Praxelis clematidea | 菊科Compositae | 0.0072 |
| 黄花酢浆草Oxalis pes-caprae | 酢浆草科Oxalidaceae | 0.0072 |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 菊科Compositae | 0.0071 |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 0.0071 |
| 通泉草Mazus pumilus | 通泉草科Mazaceae | 0.0069 |
| 南雀稗Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.0064 |
| 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.0046 |
| 野甘草Scoparia dulcis | 车前科Plantaginaceae | 0.0041 |
| 藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides | 菊科Compositae | 0.0041 |
| 蜈蚣凤尾蕨Pteris vittata | 凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae | 0.0037 |
| 海金沙Lygodium japonicum | 海金沙科Lygodiaceae | 0.0035 |
| 黄鹌菜Youngia japonica | 菊科Compositae | 0.0035 |
| 野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides | 菊科Compositae | 0.0035 |
Table 2 Companion plant species in the grassland habitats where P. sagittalis is distributed
| 物种Species | 科名Family | 重要值Important value |
|---|---|---|
| 马尼拉草Zoysia matrella | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.8661 |
| 翼茎阔苞菊P. sagittalis | 菊科Compositae | 0.3194 |
| 扁穗莎草Cyperus compressus | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.2402 |
| 钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum | 菊科Compositae | 0.1377 |
| 白花蛇舌草Scleromitrion diffusum | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 0.0974 |
| 一点红Emilia sonchifolia | 菊科Compositae | 0.0599 |
| 白花鬼针草Bidens alba | 菊科Compositae | 0.0566 |
| 异型莎草Cyperus difformis | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.0430 |
| 苏门白酒草Erigeron sumatrensis | 菊科Compositae | 0.0426 |
| 毛蕨Cyclosorus interruptus | 金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae | 0.0366 |
| 鸡屎藤Paederia foetida | 茜草科Rubiaceae | 0.0187 |
| 叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria | 叶下珠科Euphorbiaceae | 0.0127 |
| 假臭草Praxelis clematidea | 菊科Compositae | 0.0072 |
| 黄花酢浆草Oxalis pes-caprae | 酢浆草科Oxalidaceae | 0.0072 |
| 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata | 菊科Compositae | 0.0071 |
| 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | 0.0071 |
| 通泉草Mazus pumilus | 通泉草科Mazaceae | 0.0069 |
| 南雀稗Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.0064 |
| 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 禾本科Gramineae | 0.0046 |
| 野甘草Scoparia dulcis | 车前科Plantaginaceae | 0.0041 |
| 藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides | 菊科Compositae | 0.0041 |
| 蜈蚣凤尾蕨Pteris vittata | 凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae | 0.0037 |
| 海金沙Lygodium japonicum | 海金沙科Lygodiaceae | 0.0035 |
| 黄鹌菜Youngia japonica | 菊科Compositae | 0.0035 |
| 野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides | 菊科Compositae | 0.0035 |
Fig.1 The growth status of P. sagittalis plants under different site conditions
Fig.2 Branches and sprouts of P. sagittalis
| 项目Item | 构件比值Proportion of components （%） | 构件Component | 含水量Water content （%） |
|---|---|---|---|
| 根茎比Root to stem ratio | 18.52±1.55 | 根Root | 62.56±1.10 |
| 根生物量占比Root mass fraction | 15.44±1.08 | 茎Stem | 77.98±0.63 |
| 茎生物量占比Stem mass fraction | 52.14±1.94 | 叶Leaf | 79.87±0.43 |
| 叶生物量占比Leaf mass fraction | 31.99±1.52 |
Table 3 Biomass characteristics of each component of P. sagittalis
| 项目Item | 构件比值Proportion of components （%） | 构件Component | 含水量Water content （%） |
|---|---|---|---|
| 根茎比Root to stem ratio | 18.52±1.55 | 根Root | 62.56±1.10 |
| 根生物量占比Root mass fraction | 15.44±1.08 | 茎Stem | 77.98±0.63 |
| 茎生物量占比Stem mass fraction | 52.14±1.94 | 叶Leaf | 79.87±0.43 |
| 叶生物量占比Leaf mass fraction | 31.99±1.52 |
Fig.3 P. sagittalis and its flower and achene
Fig.4 Stained pollen of P. sagittalis （Magnification： 400×）
| 一级指标（权重）First-level indicators （weights） | 二级指标 Second-level indicators | 三级指标 Third-level indicators | 评价指标 Evaluation indicators | 赋值 Assignment | 得分 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基本情况 Basic information （R1， 8%） | 国内情况 Domestic situation （R11） | 国内分布范围 Domestic distribution range （R111） | 个别省（自治区，直辖市）有零星分布 Sporadic distribution in a few provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 1 | 1 |
| 大约1/3省（自治区，直辖市）有分布Distributed in about 1/3 of provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 0.5 | - | |||
| 大多数省（自治区，直辖市）均有分布Distributed in most provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 0 | - | |||
国内入侵状况 Domestic invasion status （R112） | 在国内有多处报道其成功入侵危害的情况 Reported in multiple domestic locations with significant damage | 1 | - | ||
| 在国内有报道扩散，但危害并不严重Domestic spread reported with minor harm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||
引入途径 Introduction pathway （R113） | 通过无意进入国内Unintentional introduction | 2 | 2 | ||
| 通过自然传入国内Natural introduction | 1 | - | |||
| 通过合法途径引入国内Introduced through legal means | 0 | - | |||
境外情况 Foreign situation （R12） | 境外重视程度 International attention level （R121） | >10个国家（地区）列为检疫对象Listed as a quarantine target in more than 10 countries （regions） | 2 | - | |
| 有1~10个国家（地区）列为检疫对象Listed as a quarantine target in 1 to 10 countries （regions） | 1 | 1 | |||
| 属于一般性防治的常规有害生物Considered a conventional pest under general control measures | 0 | - | |||
境外分布情况 International distribution （R122） | 极广：分布区域>3个以上的气候带Extremely broad： Distributed across more than 3 climate zones | 2 | - | ||
| 广：分布区域在2~3个气候带Broad： Distributed across 2-3 climate zones | 1 | 1 | |||
| 局部：分布区域在1个气候带Localized： Confined to a single climate zone | 0.5 | - | |||
植物生物学属性 Plant biological attributes （R2， 9%） | 生活史 Life history （R21） | 生活周期 Life cycle （R211） | 多年生草本植物Perennial herb | 2 | 2 |
| 二年生草本植物Biennial herb | 1 | - | |||
| 一年生草本植物Annual herb | 0.5 | - | |||
生长能力 Growth capability （R22） | 抗逆性 Stress resistance （R221） | 对生长过程中的多种逆境有良好的适应性和耐受性Strong adaptability and tolerance to multiple environmental stresses | 1 | - | |
| 对生长过程中的某种逆境有良好的适应性和耐受性Strong adaptability and tolerance to a specific environmental stress | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||
| 对逆境耐受能力差Poor stress tolerance | 0 | - | |||
遗传特性 Genetic characteristics （R23） | 遗传稳定性 Genetic stability （R231） | 遗传物质10代以内会改变，不稳定Unstable： Genetic material may alter within 10 generations | 1 | - | |
| 遗传物质可以保持10代以上不改变，稳定Stable： Genetic material can remain unchanged for over 10 generations | 0 | 0 | |||
致害性 Harmfulness （R24） | 对人或动物健康的影响Impact on human/animal health （R241） | 植物体有毒或分泌毒素，影响人或动物健康Toxic： The plant is toxic or secretes toxins， posing a risk to human or animal health | 3 | - | |
| 植物体无毒或不分泌毒素，不影响人或动物健康Non-toxic： The plant is not toxic and does not secrete toxins， posing no risk to human or animal health | 0 | 0 | |||
| 是否携带有害生物Whether pests are carried （R25） | 是否是有害生物寄生Whether it serves as a host for pests （R251） | 是有害生物寄生Host to pests | 2 | - | |
| 不是有害生物寄生Not a host to pests | 0 | 0 | |||
繁殖与扩散能力 Reproduction & dispersal capacity （R3， 43%） | 繁殖能力 Reproductive capacity （R31） | 繁殖方式 Reproduction mode （R311） | 有性繁殖和无性繁殖皆有Both sexual and asexual reproduction | 15 | 15 |
| 仅有性繁殖Sexual reproduction only | 8 | - | |||
| 仅无性繁殖Asexual reproduction only | 3 | - | |||
繁殖体数量 Propagule quantity （R312） | 每个繁殖周期单株种子产量≥1000粒或单株分生≥10株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is ≥1000 grains， or the tillering capacity per plant is ≥10 shoots | 7 | 7 | ||
| 每个繁殖周期单株200粒≤种子产量<1000粒，或3株≤单株分生<10株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is between 200 and 1000 grains （inclusive of 200 but exclusive of 1000）， or the tillering capacity per plant is between 3 and 10 shoots （inclusive of 3 but exclusive of 10） | 3 | - | |||
| 每个繁殖周期单株种子产量<200粒，或单株分生<3株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is <200 grains， or the tillering capacity per plant is <3 shoots | 0 | - | |||
萌芽率 Germination rate （R313） | 适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率≥60% Germination rate ≥60% under suitable conditions | 2 | - | ||
| 25%≤适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率<60% Germination rate is between 25% and 60% （inclusive of 25% but exclusive of 60%） under suitable conditions | 1 | - | |||
| 适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率<25% Germination rate <25% under suitable conditions | 0 | 0 | |||
种子库种子存活率 Seed viability in the seed bank （R314） | 种子在土壤中保持较长的活性，时间≥1年Seeds remain viable in the soil for a long time， with a viability duration of 1 year or more | 2 | - | ||
| 种子在土壤中保持活性的时间<1年Seeds remain viable in the soil for less than 1 year | 0 | 0 | |||
扩散能力 Dispersal capacity （R32） | 扩散方式 Dispersal mode （R321） | 可通过自然因素（风力，水流等）和生物因素（动物和人类）等多种方式进行扩散Multiple pathways： Capable of dispersal via both natural factors （e.g.， wind， water） and biological factors （animals， humans） | 4 | 4 | |
| 仅能通过自然因素进行扩散Natural only： Dispersal relies solely on natural factors | 2 | - | |||
| 仅能通过生物因素进行扩散Biological only： Dispersal relies solely on biological factors | 1 | - | |||
生物扩散力 Biological dispersal capacity （R322） | 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力强（≥1000 m）High mobility： Both the organism itself and its dispersal agents exhibit strong movement capacity （≥1000 m） | 8 | - | ||
| 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力较强（10 m≤移动能力<1000 m）Moderate mobility： Movement capacity of the organism and its dispersal agents ranges from 10 to 1000 m | 4 | 4 | |||
| 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力弱（<10 m）Low mobility： Movement capacity of the organism and its dispersal agents is limited to 10 m | 0 | - | |||
自然扩散能力 Natural dispersal capacity （R323） | 能够长距离传播Long-distance dispersal capability | 5 | - | ||
| 能够短距离传播Short-distance dispersal capability | 2 | 2 | |||
| 基本不能够传播Negligible natural dispersal | 0 | - | |||
环境与危害评估 Environmental and hazard assessment （R4， 26%） | 环境适应性 Environmental adaptability （R41） | 温度适宜度 Temperature suitability （R411） | 原产地温度与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Temperatures in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 2 | 2 |
| 原产地温度与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Temperatures in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
光照适宜度 Light suitability （R412） | 原产地光照条件与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Light conditions in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 1 | 1 | ||
| 原产地光照条件与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Light conditions in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
降水量适宜度 Precipitation suitability （R413） | 原产地降水量与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Precipitation levels in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 1 | 1 | ||
| 原产地降水量与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Precipitation levels in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
生态危害 Ecological hazards （R42） | 能否高密度占领生境Capability for high-density habitat occupation （R421） | 能高密度占领生境Capable of high-density occupation in habitats | 6 | 6 | |
| 仅能占领物种较为单一生境Can only occupy relatively singular/specific habitat types | 3 | - | |||
| 不能高密度占领生境Incapable of high-density habitat occupation | 0 | - | |||
| 能否与本地近缘种植物杂交Capability to hybridize with native congeners/related plant species （R422） | 能够与本地近缘种植物杂交Capable of hybridization： Can hybridize with native congeners/related plant species | 2 | 2 | ||
| 不能够与本地近缘种植物杂交Incapable of hybridization： Cannot hybridize with native congeners/related plant species | 0 | - | |||
| 对其他物种是否有化感作用Presence of allelopathy effects on other species （R423） | 有很强化感作用，抑制其他物种正常生长，形成单一优势群 Strong： Exhibits potent allelopathy effects that suppress normal growth of other species， leading to the formation of monoculture-like stands | 7 | - | ||
| 有化感作用，严重影响部分物种正常生长Moderate： Demonstrates allelopathy effects that severely impact the normal growth of some species | 3 | 3 | |||
| 无化感作用，不影响其他物种正常生长None： Shows no allelopathy effects and does not affect the normal growth of other species | 0 | - | |||
生物链影响 Food web impacts （R43） | 天敌（捕食昆虫、动物和病原菌）控制力Control by natural enemies （predators， parasitoids & pathogens） （R431） | 无天敌Absent： No natural enemies present | 3 | - | |
| 天敌数量少，控制力弱Weak： Natural enemy populations are low， with weak control capability | 2 | - | |||
| 天敌控制力强，且广泛存在Strong： Natural enemies have strong control capability and are widely present | 0 | 0 | |||
| 竞争种Competitor species （R432） | 无竞争种植物No competing plant species | 4 | - | ||
| 竞争种植物数量一般Moderate number of competitors | 2 | 2 | |||
| 竞争种植物广泛存在Abundant competing species | 0 | - | |||
危害控制 Hazard control （R5， 14%） | 防控措施 Control measures （R51） | 检疫难度 Quarantine difficulty （R511） | 不易辨别，需要专业人员经实验室专业仪器设备才能鉴定Difficult to distinguish， requires professional personnel and specialized laboratory equipment for identification | 1 | 1 |
| 专业人员现场即可辨别Field identification possible by professionals | 0.1 | - | |||
| 一般工作人员现场就可以鉴定Field identification possible by general staff | 0 | - | |||
防控方式 Control and prevention measures （R512） | 目前没有有效防控手段No effective control measures are currently available | 7 | - | ||
| 防控手段单一，短期内效果显著Relies on a single control method with significant short-term effects | 4 | 4 | |||
| 物理防治，生物防治，化学防治等多种手段均有显著效果Multiple methods （physical， biological， chemical control） demonstrate significant efficacy | 0 | - | |||
防控难度 Difficulty of control and prevention （R52） | 除害处理难度 Difficulty of prevention and control treatment （R521） | 除害处理困难，成本高，效果差Prevention and control are challenging， with high costs and poor effectiveness | 6 | 6 | |
| 效果好，但除害处理较困难，成本高Good effectiveness， but prevention and control are relatively difficult and costly | 3 | - | |||
| 容易处理，成本低，效果好Prevention and control are easy， with low costs and good effectiveness | 0 | - | |||
| 合计Total | 68 |
Table 4 Invasion risk analysis of P. sagittalis
| 一级指标（权重）First-level indicators （weights） | 二级指标 Second-level indicators | 三级指标 Third-level indicators | 评价指标 Evaluation indicators | 赋值 Assignment | 得分 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基本情况 Basic information （R1， 8%） | 国内情况 Domestic situation （R11） | 国内分布范围 Domestic distribution range （R111） | 个别省（自治区，直辖市）有零星分布 Sporadic distribution in a few provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 1 | 1 |
| 大约1/3省（自治区，直辖市）有分布Distributed in about 1/3 of provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 0.5 | - | |||
| 大多数省（自治区，直辖市）均有分布Distributed in most provinces （autonomous regions， municipalities） | 0 | - | |||
国内入侵状况 Domestic invasion status （R112） | 在国内有多处报道其成功入侵危害的情况 Reported in multiple domestic locations with significant damage | 1 | - | ||
| 在国内有报道扩散，但危害并不严重Domestic spread reported with minor harm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||
引入途径 Introduction pathway （R113） | 通过无意进入国内Unintentional introduction | 2 | 2 | ||
| 通过自然传入国内Natural introduction | 1 | - | |||
| 通过合法途径引入国内Introduced through legal means | 0 | - | |||
境外情况 Foreign situation （R12） | 境外重视程度 International attention level （R121） | >10个国家（地区）列为检疫对象Listed as a quarantine target in more than 10 countries （regions） | 2 | - | |
| 有1~10个国家（地区）列为检疫对象Listed as a quarantine target in 1 to 10 countries （regions） | 1 | 1 | |||
| 属于一般性防治的常规有害生物Considered a conventional pest under general control measures | 0 | - | |||
境外分布情况 International distribution （R122） | 极广：分布区域>3个以上的气候带Extremely broad： Distributed across more than 3 climate zones | 2 | - | ||
| 广：分布区域在2~3个气候带Broad： Distributed across 2-3 climate zones | 1 | 1 | |||
| 局部：分布区域在1个气候带Localized： Confined to a single climate zone | 0.5 | - | |||
植物生物学属性 Plant biological attributes （R2， 9%） | 生活史 Life history （R21） | 生活周期 Life cycle （R211） | 多年生草本植物Perennial herb | 2 | 2 |
| 二年生草本植物Biennial herb | 1 | - | |||
| 一年生草本植物Annual herb | 0.5 | - | |||
生长能力 Growth capability （R22） | 抗逆性 Stress resistance （R221） | 对生长过程中的多种逆境有良好的适应性和耐受性Strong adaptability and tolerance to multiple environmental stresses | 1 | - | |
| 对生长过程中的某种逆境有良好的适应性和耐受性Strong adaptability and tolerance to a specific environmental stress | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||
| 对逆境耐受能力差Poor stress tolerance | 0 | - | |||
遗传特性 Genetic characteristics （R23） | 遗传稳定性 Genetic stability （R231） | 遗传物质10代以内会改变，不稳定Unstable： Genetic material may alter within 10 generations | 1 | - | |
| 遗传物质可以保持10代以上不改变，稳定Stable： Genetic material can remain unchanged for over 10 generations | 0 | 0 | |||
致害性 Harmfulness （R24） | 对人或动物健康的影响Impact on human/animal health （R241） | 植物体有毒或分泌毒素，影响人或动物健康Toxic： The plant is toxic or secretes toxins， posing a risk to human or animal health | 3 | - | |
| 植物体无毒或不分泌毒素，不影响人或动物健康Non-toxic： The plant is not toxic and does not secrete toxins， posing no risk to human or animal health | 0 | 0 | |||
| 是否携带有害生物Whether pests are carried （R25） | 是否是有害生物寄生Whether it serves as a host for pests （R251） | 是有害生物寄生Host to pests | 2 | - | |
| 不是有害生物寄生Not a host to pests | 0 | 0 | |||
繁殖与扩散能力 Reproduction & dispersal capacity （R3， 43%） | 繁殖能力 Reproductive capacity （R31） | 繁殖方式 Reproduction mode （R311） | 有性繁殖和无性繁殖皆有Both sexual and asexual reproduction | 15 | 15 |
| 仅有性繁殖Sexual reproduction only | 8 | - | |||
| 仅无性繁殖Asexual reproduction only | 3 | - | |||
繁殖体数量 Propagule quantity （R312） | 每个繁殖周期单株种子产量≥1000粒或单株分生≥10株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is ≥1000 grains， or the tillering capacity per plant is ≥10 shoots | 7 | 7 | ||
| 每个繁殖周期单株200粒≤种子产量<1000粒，或3株≤单株分生<10株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is between 200 and 1000 grains （inclusive of 200 but exclusive of 1000）， or the tillering capacity per plant is between 3 and 10 shoots （inclusive of 3 but exclusive of 10） | 3 | - | |||
| 每个繁殖周期单株种子产量<200粒，或单株分生<3株Per reproductive cycle， the seed production per plant is <200 grains， or the tillering capacity per plant is <3 shoots | 0 | - | |||
萌芽率 Germination rate （R313） | 适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率≥60% Germination rate ≥60% under suitable conditions | 2 | - | ||
| 25%≤适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率<60% Germination rate is between 25% and 60% （inclusive of 25% but exclusive of 60%） under suitable conditions | 1 | - | |||
| 适宜条件下繁殖体萌芽率<25% Germination rate <25% under suitable conditions | 0 | 0 | |||
种子库种子存活率 Seed viability in the seed bank （R314） | 种子在土壤中保持较长的活性，时间≥1年Seeds remain viable in the soil for a long time， with a viability duration of 1 year or more | 2 | - | ||
| 种子在土壤中保持活性的时间<1年Seeds remain viable in the soil for less than 1 year | 0 | 0 | |||
扩散能力 Dispersal capacity （R32） | 扩散方式 Dispersal mode （R321） | 可通过自然因素（风力，水流等）和生物因素（动物和人类）等多种方式进行扩散Multiple pathways： Capable of dispersal via both natural factors （e.g.， wind， water） and biological factors （animals， humans） | 4 | 4 | |
| 仅能通过自然因素进行扩散Natural only： Dispersal relies solely on natural factors | 2 | - | |||
| 仅能通过生物因素进行扩散Biological only： Dispersal relies solely on biological factors | 1 | - | |||
生物扩散力 Biological dispersal capacity （R322） | 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力强（≥1000 m）High mobility： Both the organism itself and its dispersal agents exhibit strong movement capacity （≥1000 m） | 8 | - | ||
| 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力较强（10 m≤移动能力<1000 m）Moderate mobility： Movement capacity of the organism and its dispersal agents ranges from 10 to 1000 m | 4 | 4 | |||
| 自身及其扩散媒介生物移动能力弱（<10 m）Low mobility： Movement capacity of the organism and its dispersal agents is limited to 10 m | 0 | - | |||
自然扩散能力 Natural dispersal capacity （R323） | 能够长距离传播Long-distance dispersal capability | 5 | - | ||
| 能够短距离传播Short-distance dispersal capability | 2 | 2 | |||
| 基本不能够传播Negligible natural dispersal | 0 | - | |||
环境与危害评估 Environmental and hazard assessment （R4， 26%） | 环境适应性 Environmental adaptability （R41） | 温度适宜度 Temperature suitability （R411） | 原产地温度与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Temperatures in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 2 | 2 |
| 原产地温度与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Temperatures in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
光照适宜度 Light suitability （R412） | 原产地光照条件与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Light conditions in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 1 | 1 | ||
| 原产地光照条件与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Light conditions in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
降水量适宜度 Precipitation suitability （R413） | 原产地降水量与评估区域内大多数地区类似High similarity： Precipitation levels in the region of origin are largely comparable to those in most parts of the assessment area | 1 | 1 | ||
| 原产地降水量与评估区域内大多数地区差异很大Low similarity： Precipitation levels in the region of origin differ significantly from those in most parts of the assessment area | 0 | - | |||
生态危害 Ecological hazards （R42） | 能否高密度占领生境Capability for high-density habitat occupation （R421） | 能高密度占领生境Capable of high-density occupation in habitats | 6 | 6 | |
| 仅能占领物种较为单一生境Can only occupy relatively singular/specific habitat types | 3 | - | |||
| 不能高密度占领生境Incapable of high-density habitat occupation | 0 | - | |||
| 能否与本地近缘种植物杂交Capability to hybridize with native congeners/related plant species （R422） | 能够与本地近缘种植物杂交Capable of hybridization： Can hybridize with native congeners/related plant species | 2 | 2 | ||
| 不能够与本地近缘种植物杂交Incapable of hybridization： Cannot hybridize with native congeners/related plant species | 0 | - | |||
| 对其他物种是否有化感作用Presence of allelopathy effects on other species （R423） | 有很强化感作用，抑制其他物种正常生长，形成单一优势群 Strong： Exhibits potent allelopathy effects that suppress normal growth of other species， leading to the formation of monoculture-like stands | 7 | - | ||
| 有化感作用，严重影响部分物种正常生长Moderate： Demonstrates allelopathy effects that severely impact the normal growth of some species | 3 | 3 | |||
| 无化感作用，不影响其他物种正常生长None： Shows no allelopathy effects and does not affect the normal growth of other species | 0 | - | |||
生物链影响 Food web impacts （R43） | 天敌（捕食昆虫、动物和病原菌）控制力Control by natural enemies （predators， parasitoids & pathogens） （R431） | 无天敌Absent： No natural enemies present | 3 | - | |
| 天敌数量少，控制力弱Weak： Natural enemy populations are low， with weak control capability | 2 | - | |||
| 天敌控制力强，且广泛存在Strong： Natural enemies have strong control capability and are widely present | 0 | 0 | |||
| 竞争种Competitor species （R432） | 无竞争种植物No competing plant species | 4 | - | ||
| 竞争种植物数量一般Moderate number of competitors | 2 | 2 | |||
| 竞争种植物广泛存在Abundant competing species | 0 | - | |||
危害控制 Hazard control （R5， 14%） | 防控措施 Control measures （R51） | 检疫难度 Quarantine difficulty （R511） | 不易辨别，需要专业人员经实验室专业仪器设备才能鉴定Difficult to distinguish， requires professional personnel and specialized laboratory equipment for identification | 1 | 1 |
| 专业人员现场即可辨别Field identification possible by professionals | 0.1 | - | |||
| 一般工作人员现场就可以鉴定Field identification possible by general staff | 0 | - | |||
防控方式 Control and prevention measures （R512） | 目前没有有效防控手段No effective control measures are currently available | 7 | - | ||
| 防控手段单一，短期内效果显著Relies on a single control method with significant short-term effects | 4 | 4 | |||
| 物理防治，生物防治，化学防治等多种手段均有显著效果Multiple methods （physical， biological， chemical control） demonstrate significant efficacy | 0 | - | |||
防控难度 Difficulty of control and prevention （R52） | 除害处理难度 Difficulty of prevention and control treatment （R521） | 除害处理困难，成本高，效果差Prevention and control are challenging， with high costs and poor effectiveness | 6 | 6 | |
| 效果好，但除害处理较困难，成本高Good effectiveness， but prevention and control are relatively difficult and costly | 3 | - | |||
| 容易处理，成本低，效果好Prevention and control are easy， with low costs and good effectiveness | 0 | - | |||
| 合计Total | 68 |
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